Es ist eine bekannte und unbestrittene Tatsache, dass das Uberstehen einer einrnaligerErkrartkung an Geflugelpocken spezifische Immunitfit verleilat, oder dass die Gefliigel nachintraven6ser oder subkutarter Einspritzung von vollvirulentem Gefflgelmaterial gegen neueInfektion immun wird. Aber der sichere und klare Nachweis von Antik6rper lm Serumdieser Gefliugel ist nicht immer leicht gelungen worden. In vitro wirksame virulizide An-tik6rper sind bieher nur in hochimmunisierten Sera, die durch mehrmalige Einspritzungvon lebendem Gefliigelpockenmaterial hergestellt worden, von einigen Autoren nachgewiesenworden.Urn den Mecharnismus der Geflfigelpocken-Immunitit, namentlich der hurnorale lm-munitit, mehr klar zu machen, wurden die in vitro Neutralisationsversuche rnit den lm-munsera und ihre Schutzwitku"ng gegen die Gefltgelpocken ausgefnhrt.Die in diesen Versuchen bertutzten Sera vvurden durch intraven6se und subkutaneEinspritzung von vollvirulentem Geflfigelpockenmaterial lnergestellt und die folgendendreiartigen Immunsera waren angevva, ndt : ( 1 ) das vorn Gefliigel nach einmaligem U ber-stehen von Geflfigelpocken entgenommene Serum, (2 ) da, s schwachimmunisierte, durchfflnfmalige Einspritzurtg von lebendem GeflQgelpockenmaterial hergestellte Serum, und (3 )das hochimmunisierte, durch zvvanzig oder noch mehrmalige Einspritzung des Virusmaterialshergestellte Serurn.Zunichst wurden die Einflflsse der Zeitdauer der Neutralisation, der h6heren Wirkun-gsternperatur, 42C, und des Zusatzes des Komplements, wie Meerschwinchen-, Hiihner-und Taubenserum, auf die Neutralisierung des Immunserums gepriift. Die Ergebnisse diesesVersuches zeigten keine Beeinfliissung des Komplements auf die Neutralisation, also wurdenmeine Neutralisierungsversuche durchgeffihrt wie folgt. Die grflndliche Vermisehunggleicher Teile des unverdiinnten Serum (bzw. zur Kontrolle Nail-Unsung oder normalesHiihner- oder Taubenserum) und Virusverdiinnung. Aufbewahrung wihrend 2 -3 Stundenbet 37C und dartach wihrend 24 Stunden lm Eisschrank. Verimp

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Earthworms harboring infective larvae were emulsified and infected to pigs.l. In clinical observation, coughing began between 14 and 24 days after infection.2. Lungworm eggs were detected from the feces over 30 days after infection.3. Among the pathological changes of the lung, petechiae of the whole lung appeared4 to 7 days, spotted infiltration 10 to 14 days, and pulmonary emphysema over 17 days after infection on the inferior border of the diaphragmatic lobe.4. No change was found in other organs.5. These lesions were studied histopathologically.

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Studies were performed on radiation hazard of lecal irradiation applied to the digestivesystem. The P" which had been wrapped with polyethylene film was inserted into fourplaces of the digestive system of the rat by surgical operation. These places were theabdominal subcutaneous tissue, abdomirral cavity, liver, and small intestirue.No remarkable change was caused in rat when the source had been implanted into theabdominal subcutarteous tissue, even though the dose of isotope used for injection wasa lethal one. Intraperitoneal implantation of the source, so as to cover the intestinaltract, gave rise to such typical symptoms as loss in body weight and diarrhea, causingdeath of all animals clue to intestinal injury. In these animals, the effects of irradiation ongeneral symptoms, blood picture, and orgaru weight were studied. The difference in theeffect of irradiatioru between the two types of application, irrtraperitoneal irujection and localimplantation, was discussed.

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The arteries with their anastorruoses in the brain of the fowl were investigated. Specimertswere injected with either Indian ink or neoplen-latex into the Arteria carotis communis. Thoseinjected with Indian ink were fixecl in 10% formalin and those with neoplen-latex werepreserved in concentrated hydrochloric acid in order to remove the tisstues.The results of observation on the arterial supply of the brain surface were essentiallythe same as those obtained by IIOFMANN", SIIIINA and IVIIYATA", and KAKU". Thenomenclature, in Latin and Japanese, of the arteries confirrrned in the present observationand the terminologies used by other authors are shown in Fable l.In this observation, four marked anastomotic branches were confirmed between thearteries in and around the brain (Fig. 1).( 1 ) TWO branches dmverged from thC A. C2LIOt1S cerebralus It the anterior aperture of the parabasal canal. TllC proximal branch was one anastomosing with a branch of the A.facialis. The distal one, which was the A. sphenomaxillaris of WINGSTRAND", connectedwith a branch of the A. ethnnoidalis and a rarrtus of A. facialis and passed further forward.In a few cases, only one branch was given off in place of the two branches and dividedafterward into two rami.( 2 ) The A. carotis cerebralis gave off an anastomotic branch immediately after thecommunication of the left and right Aa. carotides cerebrales. This branch was connectedwith a ramus of the A. ophthalmica externa. It seems that this branch corresponds to theA. ophthalmica interna of STRESEMANN", WINGSTRAND", and ASSENMACHER".( 3 ) The third anastomosis was found in connection witlr the A. ethmoidalis. Thisartery gave off an anastomotic branch after its perforation of the skull. This branch unitedwith a ramus of the A. ophthalmica externa. HOFMANN" suggested that the A. ophthalmicaexterna might supply a considerable amount of blood to the brain arteries of the fowlthrough this anastomosis.( 4 ) Furthermore, the A. ethmoidalis gave off a branch which was connected with aramus of the A. facialis.As mentioned above, the brain arteries formed a kind of arterial cycle in the fowl. Itis probable that the amount of arterial blood which is supplied to the brain is regulatedthrough this cycle. The direction of the blood flow in each branch remains to be clarified.

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Few reports have been made on ascarids parasitic to bears in Japan. The authors thirnkthat no identification of the species of the ascarid ha.s remained proper.The authors collected ascarids from polar bears (Ursus maritimus), sloth bears (Melursusursinus), and Yezo brown bears (Ursus ari;tos yesoensis) kept at the Ueno Zoological Gardens, Tokyo, and iderutified them as Toxascaris transfuga (Rttdolphi, 1819) Baylis et Daubney, 1922.This is the first report on the presence of T. transfuga in Japan.The collected ascarid resembles Ascaris lumbricoides in appearance, although they have abody bending dorsally at its anterior end and possess the apparent eervical alae. The maleis 76.5 to 129mm in length and 1.6 to 2.35mm in width; the female is 153.5 to 228.4mrnin lerngth and 3.1 to 4.0 rum in width. Its egg also resembles that of A. lumbricoides, inappearance, but is larger than the latter. The mean dimesnsion of the egg is 0.083 by0.075 mm. Its morphological characteristics agree with those of T. transfuga described inliterature in the following points : presence of the cervical ala, .e, distribution of the labialpapillae, absertce of the interlabium, distribution of the caudal papillae of the male, formand dimension of the spicules, situation of the vulva, absence of striation around the bodyat the site of the vulva, and structure and dimensiorn of the egg.[rtvalidity of the identificatioru of the species of bear ascarids in some past records inJapan was discussed. It was reported by some authors that ascarids with the apparentcervical alae has been described from a Japanese native Yezo brown bear (Ursus arctos)esoyensi, s) irn Hokkaido. They were erroneously iderttified as A. lumbricoides by such authors, who admitted, however, after the presence of T. transfuga had been proved by the presentauthors in Japaru, that the ascarid they had found in the Yezo brown bear was most likelyT. transfuga.As far as the present authors know, T. transfuga has never been parasitic to the Yezobrown bear. Consequently, as a result of th The origimns and insertions of the muscles of the pelvic limb in the fowl are describedand illustrated. They are shown in the following table and figures.MuscularNumber"114Muscular Name"M. sartoriusM. tensor fasciae IataeM. biceps femorisOriginProcc. spinosi of V. T. Vll to V. L.Ill and antero-medial border ofi[ium facing them.Antero-medial border of ilium atthe level of V. L. 111 to V. L. Vlll.Medial border of ilium ai the levelof V.L. IX to V. Cd. III (Cristafranversa and Crista iliolaferalis).Some fibers come from posteriorportion of ischium, which is theorigin of 1 1 8A.lnseriicnAntero-medial portion of mediapatellar crest.Spreading over knee, antero-lateral border of patellaOnto the tendons of 125 and 126. M. semirendinosusOriginLong but narrow portion of ischium, inferior to Crista iliolcteralis. Somefibers come from the origin of1j8A, which is posterior portionof i sc h i u m.nsertionThrough Iigamentous joop (KAUPPsbiceps band), flbular tubercle nearproxirnal end of flbula.l 1 8A] 18B1191 2OA1 2OB1 211 221 231 241 251 261 27M. semimembranosusM. semjnvembranosusaccessoriusM. gracilisM. glureussuperflcialis, ParsanteriorM. gluteussuperflcjajis, ParsPosteriorM. gluteus mediusM. gluieus prcfunclusM. quadriceps femorisThis J11USCJ8 is dividednto 1 24, 325, 126, ..d 127.M. recfus femorisM. vostus lateralisM. vastus internmedlusM. VQSYUS mecliallsM. pectineusOne head from posterior portionof ischium and venrral part ofApex iliacus posterior ; the otherhead from Procc. iransversarii ofV. Cd. J and II.From the tendinous rcphe, theinsertion of 1 1 8A.Postero-laieral border of ischium, posfericr fo the origin of 136 andinferior to that of 132.Aniero-[aiera[ border of ilium.Dorsal portion of ilium, [ust belowCrjs?a rransversa and superior toAcetabulum.Fovea iliaca dorsalis of ilium.Aniero-lateral border of ilium, ustposiericr to the origin of l20A.Aniero-mediaj surface of femur. [the rest omitted]

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[in Japanese]

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