Micro浄Orumcanisは空中および土壌からも分離検出されている。また,本菌のケラチン分解性と,各種の自然培地や土壌平板における棲息性が確認されている。著者らは,種々の条件下で,M.canis感染被毛を培養し,これを検討している。今回は水培養について報告する。M.canisに起因するringworm罹患の3カ月令仔犬から,被毛を採取して供用した。Wood灯下で螢光を発する犬の被毛を,滅菌蒸溜水に接種し,25°Cで培養した。接種後まもなく,被毛のWood灯下の螢光度は減退し,培養水に螢光が認められた。次いで2~3日後に,被毛の螢光は全く消失した。水面浮遊の被毛からは,1~2日で菌糸が発育し,4~5日でmacroconidiaが発生した。菌糸の発育は,水面のみならず,水中にも認められた。しかし水中に沈んだ被毛では,菌糸の発育が悪く,macro-conidiaの産生もほとんど認められなかった。

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鶏痘,カナリヤ痘および鳩痘のウイルスを種々の細胞に感染させ,超薄切片法により電子顕微鏡をもって研究した。ウイルス粒子は検索した総ての種類の細胞において同定され,それらは不完全,球形,早期中間,後期中間および成熟の5型に分類された。これら5型のうち前の4型は未熟あるいは発育型と,成熟型はウイルス発生の終末段階にある粒子と考えられた。感染細胞には2種の細胞質封入体が観察された。その1つは光学顕微鏡で見られる古典的封入体に一致し,多数の成熟型粒子と高電子密度の基質からな・り,カナリヤ痘ウイルスに感染した培養細胞を除き,他の総ての種類の宿主細胞において容易に同定された。他の1つはマトリックス封入体と名づけられたもので,微細顆粒状および微小線維性物質からなり,細胞質において,電子密度の高い部域として認められ,通常,種々の発育型粒子と共存した。この封入体は総ての宿主細胞- ウイルス系において訛明され,ウイルスの増殖過程において重要な役割を演ずるものと解釈された。古典的封入体はマトリックス封入体で発生分化した成熟型粒子の集筬と,その大部分はリピドと考えられる高電子密度の物質の二次的加入によって形成 されるもので,ウイルス増殖に対して必須な構造ではないと見られた。鶏痘,カナリヤ痘および鳩痘のウイルス粒子の間には,それらの形態と発生様式において明確な差異はないようであった。ウイルス粒子と細胞質封入体の存在を除けば,ウイルス感染に対して特異的と考えられる細胞病変は見出されなかった。

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Growth of equine infectious anemia virus in equine leucocyte culture is influencedconsuderably by individuality of horse from which the leucocytes were derive. It alsoinfluenced by bovine serum which is contained in tissue culture medium No. 199.The relationship between the percentages of the serurn protein fractions o btainedby paper electrophoresis and the results of leucocyte culture was investigated to elucidatethe nature of the most adequate serum for equine leucocyte culture.As a result, the percentages of the albumin and the beta-globulin fraction were low, and that of the alpha-globulin fraction was high in such sera as considered adequatefor equine leucocyte culture.To obtain a serum sample which has the nature described above, the serum sampleshould be collected aseptically. it should not be filtered through a bacterial filter.If a serum sample is not filtered but heated at a proper temperature for a propertime (50 -60C, 30 -40 minute), it will give good results irc leucocyte culture.

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Close inspection reveals certain irregularities in daily milk yields in a cow. ll-)(jdia?ram uiven in Fi?. 1(I) shows a fairlv irregular cJnan?e in lactation, while it exhibitsa eeneral tendencv to show a smooth, flowin? increase and/or decrease. Stactsttcattreatment seems to be a best method to disentanule such at>rarentlv complicated seriesof varieties. Time serial analvses of successive milk vields were conductect on true aatasiven in Fi?. 1(1) in the followinu manner: An arithmetic movin? averawe of 31 days wascalculated for the oriuinal series of vields to obtain the r>lots of Fi?. I(2). The plotsof movin? average revealed a ratcid increase after rcarturition, a rise to its highest pointin a few months later, and a ?radual decrease to its termination as the calf grew. Theseries of riots in Flu. l(3) rerresents the remainder obtainccd bv subtracting the series ortclots in Fi?. l(2) from the oriuinal series in Flu. l(l). Thus, the oriuinal series of milkyxelds XVIS dlV1dC)d 11l1t0 tXV0 sernes; 011(If serues presennts the undulatory Ch2LIlg durtng awhole lactation time, and the other the temtcorar>or stcontaneous change. The tatteris a chaotic temrorarv chan?e and mav be divided further into two or three componentsof fluctuation>each of which has a rather different length of r>eriodicnty as aeterrntneaby the adequate mathematical procedure in the time serial analysis.If the isolated components are called the annual, monthly, weekly, and dailyfluctuatmOn 111 the order Of the respectmve PCIl0dlC tlllltt It IS P0SS1bIC [0 unravel suchcomplicated outside-world influences as climate agents, food intake, and bodily exerciseupon the rnilk secretion of a cow.The t>resent rarer is esreciall>concerned with analvtical consideration on tt-merelationship between the apparent spontaneous change of daily lactation and the air-temperature possibly functioning on it.l) The diasram of successive chances of dailv milk vields and averaue air-temperaturewas decomposed into the above-mentioned four types of fluctuations by 3) Influences of air-temperature i.e. heat condition upon the changes of lactationmay be determined by visual comparison of the phase between both components offluctuation having a similar periodic time, or otherwise by calculation of correlationcoefficients between the corresponding fluctuations of similar periodicity. It is a matterof course that the year-long change of both has been previously eliminated from theoriginal values.4) The above-mentioned technique of analysis was actually applied to the discus-sion in the present investigation. The subjects used were the daily milk yields offour Holstein cows kept on the Livestock Farm, University of Tokyo, in Ibaraki Prefectureand the records of daily average air-temperatures measured at the Meteorological Stationof Mito, 14 kilometers away from this farm. As a result, it was found that air-temperature above 20C in summer and below 5C in winter acted as a depressingagent on milk yield for the following one or two days. Furthermore, the day-to-daymilk yields joined alternatively with one another ; that is, any two adjacent milk yieldsmaintained a certain negative relationship in their absolute values.

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A total of 436 strains were subjected to a taxonomical survey. All of them wereof spore-forming, obligatory anaerobic, Gram-positive or negative catalase-negative rods.Of them, 418 strains had been isolated from the feces or intestinal contents of black Neo-pards, leopards, tigers, cheetahs, pumas, jaguar, chickens, horses, cattle, pigs, dogs, cats>rabbits, ferrets, guinea pigs, mice and seal, lesions in horse and cattle, the tonsils of dogs, the uterus of cattle, soil, and silage, the remaining 18 strains were named stock cultures.The results obtained were as follows.l. The genus Clostridium was divided into four sub-genera, sixteen groups, on thebasis of four characters ; namely, the shape of the spore, rnotiNity, liquefaction of gelatin, and the growth type in iron-milk medium.2. Further studies are necessary to achieve the classification of this genus by thebiological and serological features, pathogenicity, and source of origin.

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