Hcmatologic atad patltologic examination on thirty-live mink, clinically affectedwith gray diarrhea, were carried otut. Four had other recognizable diseases. Twenty-two1?ad microscopic stomach lesions, not described in other mink diseases. The lesions weremultifocal ancl consisted of loss of the ntiddle and basal layers c>f the mucosa, with neutro-phil and monont?c1ear cell infiltratiort. Fibrosis was observecl in the stomach lesions ofsome. Dircct ancl indirect fluorescent antibody tecltniques, tttilizing sera from affectedmink, failed to demonstrate an aul-oantibocly in them. Hematologic responses of aflecteclmink varied widely.

抄録全体を表示

Ephedrine was stttdied cxjcerimentally for inafltuence tupon the running per-formance of race horses. Three Uhorotughbred horses were i?tjected subcutaneously witlaa single dose of 150, 300, ancl 500 Illg of epheclrine hydroclnlc>ricle, respectively, and sub-jected to an exercise which started al>out l hour a.fter the iunjection. The experimentalprocedure used was the same as mentioned in the previous rcrport.Ephedrine showed a performance-increasing effect with connsiderable individual differ-ences. Neither running-away frovn the track nor discontintuance of running due to a toomuch increased speed, botlt of which had been obs<:rved in tlte case of caffeine, occurredeven after administration with 500 mg. It increased the heart rate during the exercise inproportion to tlte work rate, and raised marl<edly the ratio of the height of the post-exercise T wave of tlte electrocarcliogram (ECG) to tlaat of tlae pre-exercise T wave forthe first 2 to 3 minutes in the stage of recovery.On the other hand, epheclrine ittduced infrequent extrasystc>les during the exercise andvery frequent second-degree A-V blocks in the very early stage of recovery. Consecutivesecond-degree A-V blocks and S-A blocks were also observed. Ephedrine brought about anincrease in the respiratory rate during the period of standi?tg before the exercise. Itsinfluence upon the respiratory rat.e, however, was su)cpressed dtaring the exercise, and onlydeepened respiration was observed. Immediately after the exercise, its influence recurred.It caused restlessness in some horses after tlae exercise. The re;;tlessness was not so seriousas to make the Iaorses unmanageable. These results indicate tltat ephedrine is inferior tocaffeine to a considerable extent in the performance-increasinag effect and that, on thecontrary, the drug is more hazardous to tlte health of horses than caffeine.

抄録全体を表示

l. The effects of epinephrine and trinnetoquinol on chronically denervatedskeletal muscles were studied in and compared between rabbits and rats.2L In rabbits, epinephrine (5 to 10 7zg/kg intravenously) produced a decrease in restingtension and in the frequency of spontaneous discharges. T he change in tension wasdiminished by both propranolol and phentolamine, vxhile the change in electrical activitieswas abolished mainly by phentolamine.3. In rats, on the other hand, epinephrine (5 to 50 pg/kg iuttravenously) caused an in-crease in tension and the frequency of discharges. Its enhancing effects were diminished byphentolamine.4. Trimetoquinol caused a slight decrease in tension on dertervated muscles of rabbitsand rats. This effect was antagonized by propranolol alone. Little or no changes in elec-trical activities were observed by administration with this drug.5. The responses of the extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles to the drugs werequalitatively the same in both species.

抄録全体を表示

Sixty-oute nentatodes wcrre recovered from three domctstic cats in Tokyo, Japan.Most of them were found attachcclL to the mucous membrane of the stomach, and a fewfree from the gastric contents. From their morphological features and measures (Table I, Figs. 1 -12), they were identified as Ph)>saloptera praeputiaZis von Linstow, 1889. Thisappears to be the first record of F. praeputittlis from the domestic cat in Japan.

抄録全体を表示

Bordetella bronchi.septica vaccines, w]?ich were killecl by formalin, merthiolateor heat and ennulsified with Freunds incomplete adjuvant, were examined on their protec-tive effects in guinea pigs. Restarts indicated that merthiolate-killed vaccine was mosteffective anuong the 3 vaccines and alntost all guinea pigs receivccd 10 -20 mg of the vaccinewere protected from the establishment of carrier statc:, as well ;ts formation of pneumoniclesions, when cltallengcd intranasally with 10 cells of a virulent strain. Formalin-killedvaccine was also effective but not so potent as merthiolatc-killed vaccine. No protectiveeffect was demonstrated itt a vaccine heated at l0OC for 1 hour.Protective action afforded by mcrrtltiolate-1<illecl vaccine appe;tred 20 days after vaccitta-lion, became greatest 50 to 80 days ;tnd then decreased gradua113, but persisted for at least150 days. Serum agglutinins appeav-cd earlier than the developmcrnt of protective action andremained at high Liters for at least 180 days. Although there was a general correlationbetween protective potencies and serum aggltatinin Liters, discrepancies were observed insome guinea pigs. Therefore, agglutinin production was not always accepted as evidenceof protective potency, Remarkable protectixe effects were demonstrated in all virulentt strains of B. broncltisep-tica originated from gtuinea pigs. I-Iowever, no protective effects was shown in an avirulentvariant derived from a virulent strain by subculturing 20 times on MacConkey agar.Offspring delivered from mothe-cs in good immunity showed evident protection againstchallenge inoculation and higla agglutinin liters for 4 weeks after birth.

抄録全体を表示

A taxonomical study was carried otut on Mycoplasrnatales of equine origin. Of124 swab samples collectecl from tlae respiratory and urogenital tracts in 26 apparentlyhealthy horses, 37 (29.87) g;tve positive results in Llae isolation of Mycoplasmas. Theorganisms were isolated from oral cavity (at the rate of 16/25), nasal cavity (4/26), trachea(3/21), conjunctiva (4/12), vaginta (81719), urethra (1/12), and prepuce (3/21). A total of110 strains were cloned frorn 37 positive ctzltures. Of them, 102 strains were found to besterol-nonreqttiring strains (Acholeplasma) in the serum requicement test.The Acholeplasma strains isolated from horses were cxaminec[ for antigenic relationshipsby the growth inhibition, agar get diffusion, and biological test to compare with those fromcalle. They were classified into 5 serological types; that is, Acholeplasrna laidlawii (76strains), A. granularunt (otte strain), A. axanthutn (cane strain), and 2 other distinct types(13 and 4 strains, respectively). Tihe other 7 Acho1ep[asma and 8 Mycoplasma strains couldnot be typed.On the basis of the results of the present study, it seemed ?easonable to conclude thatthe 2 distinct sero-types migl?t be new species of the genus Aclnoleplasma.

抄録全体を表示

Using three adult mongrel dogs with the tibial nerve excised in their femoralregion, electromyographical observations were carried out on the clerxervated gastrocnemiusmuscles for 170 days after operation. The recovery processes of function on these denervatedmuscles were discussed electromyographically.The results obtained are summarized as follows.1. Denervation potentials, inc1udir?g mainly the fibril1a[ion vc>ltage and positive sharpwave, were activated most intensively in the initial stage (from tlae second to the thirdweeks) after operation. Then they decreased gradually and disappeared in the 10th weekafter denervation.2. In about the 6th week after operation when the c[enervation potentials still remainedslightly, nascent motor unit activities indicating the onset of reinnervation appearedsimultaneously. The monophasic, diphasic, or Lriph;tsic high ;tmplitude NMU voltageappeared successively after the 10th week.3. It was presumed that the regulation mechanism of the reinnervatect musczes mighthave recovered from a spinal level to a cortical level, and that it might have been completedby the spinalization originated front the training effect of tl?ese ?nuscles.4. From an electromyographical point of view, a complete fuructional recovery occurredto the reinnervated muscles later tlnan the clinical disappearance of abnormal gait.From the results olctained, it was made clear that a typical pan.tern was present for therecovery process after the excision of peripheral nerve: fibers. I he time courg0from thedenervation potentials to the reinnervation potentials, including the nascent motor unitactivity, may be available for tlac diagnosis and prognosis of periplaeral nerve ataxy inthe dog.

抄録全体を表示