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Gerardo B. ABENES, Katsunori OKAZAKI, Hideto FUKUSHI, Hiroshi KIDA, Ei ...
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
703-708
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Eight influenza viruses and 12 paramyxoviruses were isolated from 411 feral birds comprising 287 waterfowls of 13 species and 124 small birds of 16 species. Influenza viruses isolated from 40 teals consisted of 3 H3N8, 1 H4N6, 1 H6N6, 1 H8N1 and 1 designated as H8N? because the neuraminidase was not inhibited by any antiserum to N1-N8 neuraminidases. One H4N6 strain was also isolated from 5 spot-billed ducks. The H8N1 isolate represents the first isolation in nature of an influenza virus possessing such combination of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. The paramyxoviruses were isolated from 9 of the 40 teals, 1 of the 11 mallards, 1 of the 78 eastern dunlins and 1 of the 72 Japanese buntings tested. Based on the antigenic specificity of their M proteins, 5 isolates from teals and that from an eastern dunlin were classified into. species Newcastle disease virus, 4 isolates from teals and that from a Japanese bunting were classified into Duck/Mississippi/75, and the isolate from a mallard was classified into the same species as Duck/Hong Kong/199/77. Viruses were recovered only from lower intestinal tissues or cloacal swabs.
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Kazuyuki TANIGUCHI, Kazumi TANIGUCHI, Koshi MOCHIZUKI
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
709-716
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Development of the vomeronasal organ in the golden hamster was chronologically examined by light and electron microscopy. This organ was embryologically derived from the olfactory placode and appeared as a tubular structure of the neuroepithelium on the medial wall of the nasal pit on either side at 11 days of gestation. At 12 days of gestation, this organ was completely separated from the nasal cavity and encircled by the immature vomeronasal cartilage. At 13 days of gestation, within the organ, the respiratory epithelium became easily distinguishable from the sensory epithelium. At 14 days of gestation the venous sinus and Jacobson's glands appeared, and this organ was equipped with all the histological components until birth. This organ began to communicate with the nasal cavity at 2 days after birth. The sensoly epithelium of this organ consisted of undifferentiated cells in the early fetal life. These stem cells were gradually differentiated into sensory and supporting cells. These cells were rather slowly maturated in their fine structure. For example, only some sensory cells became first provided with microvilli on their free surface at 8 days after birth. Even at 10 days after birth, some sensory cells were still devoid of microvilli and undifferentiated cells were sometimes observed in the sensory epithelium as well. Therefore, the olfactory function in the early postnatal life seems to be solely ascribed to the olfactory epithelium under these morphodifferentiation though the vomeronasal organ might be related with some kind of olfaction after this period.
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Takashi UMEMURA, Hideo OHISHI, Yasuo IKEMOTO, Hiroshi SATOH, Yutaka FU ...
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
717-724
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Histopathological examination was conducted on 16 horses affected with colitis X. Characteristic lesions of the disease were exfoliation of the mucosal epithelial cells and hemorrhagic necrosis of the ceco-colonic mucosa, fibrin thrombus formation of the capillary and venules, especially in the intestinal mucosa, congestive edema of the lungs, and widespread necrosis of tubular epithelial cells with hyalin casts in the kidneys. These lesions support the morphological ground to the hypothesis that endotoxin shock is immediate cause of colitis X. As one of a possible predisposing events to the shock, involvement of systemic infectious disease; especially viral infection was suggested by interstitial pneumonia observed in 15 cases and reticulum cell proliferation with occasional formation of multinucleated giant cell in the lymphoid follicles of the large intestine, spleen, and lymph nodes in most cases.
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Manabu OGATA, Seiji KAWAMURA, Koshi YAMAMOTO
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
725-731,733
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Growth of type strains of 23 mycoplasma species as well as field strains of M. hyorhinis was compared in aerobic and strict anaerobic cultivation. In anaerobic cultivation, the growth of five species including M. hyorhinis was suppressed, whereas that of other four species including M. hyosynoviae was enhanced. The remaining 14species showed similar growth in the two atmospheric conditions. While all anaerobically enhanced species belonged to arginine hydrolyzing mycoplasma group, anaerobically suppressed species were all arginine-non-hydrolyzers. In order to inhibit the growth of M. hyorhinis, rapid attainment of strict anaerobic condition was required. In a field survey, the anaerobic cultivation was shown to be effective for selective isolation of M. hyosynoviae from nasal cavities of pigs.
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Kazuichi NAKAMURA, Yoshiharu HASHIMOTO, Hiroshi KITAGAWA, Norio KUDO
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
735-742
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Intrasinus free phagocytes ingesting injected colloidal carbon (CC) or alum-precipitated bovine serum albumin (AP-BSA) migrated through the lymphatic cords into the lymphatic nodules, and those with CC became situated in clusters around or inside the germinal centers. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) also showed a similar intranodal pathway but often mediated by the. reticulum cells in the lymphatic cords and nodules as well as the free phagocytes. This confirms the sequential cooperation of free macrophages and regional lymphocytes during the initial stages of the intranodal immune response.
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Katsumi KAWAHARAJO, Keiko SHITOH, Yuzo KAZUNO, Yasuharu SEKIZAWA
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
743-749
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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When 3.2×10
6 viable ceIls of Proteus morganii, strain 1510, were injected intravenously to mice having received transplantation of Sarcoma-180 (S-l80) 4 days (ST4 mice) or 8 days (ST8 mice) before bacterial infection, all mice died, while no deaths occurred in non-tumor-bearing mice. After inoculation with 3×10
6 viable cells, reduction of the bacterial counts in the liver, spleen and kidney of the S-180-beinrg mice was slower than that in normal mice. The bacteria in the organs of ST4 mice started to multiply 4 to 8 hr postinoculation and reached l05 to 106 viable cells within 24 hr. In these tumor-bearing mice, absolute leukocytosis was noted. Phagocytosis and intracellular bactericidal activity of phagocytes against the inoculated bacteria in S-180 beinrg mice were approximately the same as those in normal mice. In the tumor-being mice, how-ever, serum factors for opsonization of the inoculated bacteria was markedly impaired.
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Hisashi UEDA, Nobuyuki TERAKADO, Tsutomu SEKIZAKI, Kazunori HASHIMOTO, ...
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
751-757
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Outbreaks of calf diarrhea occurred on three dairy farms in Shiga Prefecture in the spring in 1980. Escherichia coli strains producing heat-stable enterotoxin (ST)were isolated in pure culture and at high frequency from the intestinal contents and parenchymatous organs of dead calves. Most of these strains were typed as 0101-K99. All the strains were non-motile and typed as biovar B. They were resistant to two drugs, tetracycline (Tc) and chloramphenicol (Cm) or six, Tc, Cm, streptomycin (Sm), sulfadimethoxine (Su), kanamycin (Km), and ampicillin (Ap), and contained R plasmids. With the properties of these ST-producing (ST
+) strains as indicators, the ST
+ strain contents of the intestines were compared between diarrheal calves and healthy cows kept in the same barn. The total E. coli count per gram of diarrheal feces of calves was 10
8.9, most of which were ST
+ strains. The count in the rectal feces of healthy calves was 10
7.1, of which 10
5.6 were ST
+, while that in the rectal feces of healthy cows was 10
6.2, of which 10
3.3 were ST
+. These results suggest that ST
+ strains with the same properties were distributed widely not only among diarrheal calves but also among healthy cattle kept in the same bars on the three farms where the outbreaks of calf diarrhea occurred.
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Hiroyuki TANIGUCHI, Yasuhiro YOSHIKAWA, Kazuya YAMANOUCHI
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
759-766
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Blastogenesis of quail lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were examined by incorporation of H^^3-Thymidine as a parameter to evaluate lymphocyte functions. The optimal conditions of PHA-response were 5×10
6 spleen cells/ml, 1.0μl/ml PHA, 7.5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and 48 to 72hr isotope labeling. In LPS-response, the conditions were essentially similar to PHA-response, except for 70μg/ml LPS and 0.5% FBS. Among the lymphoid cells, spleen cells were stimulated to proliferate by both PHA and LPS, while thymus cells by only PHA and bursal cells by none of these mitogens. Spleen cells from bursectomized quails responded to PHA similarly to those from sham-operated controls, while they completely lacking the response to LPS. To PHA a few thymectomized cases responded at relatively low level, whereas their response to LPS was normal. Immunofluorescence revealed immunoglobulin on the surface of LPS-induced blastoid cells but not of PHA-induced ones. These results suggest that T and B lymphocytes of quails respond to PHA and LPS, respectively, as observed were chicken lymphocytes and that mature lymphocytes are stimulated by mitogens at higher level than immature ones.
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Kinji SHIROTA, Kosaku FUJIWARA
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
767-773,776
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The dogs having received intravenously or intraperitoneally rabbit antiserum to renal tubular basement membrane (TBM) or glomerular basement membrane (GBM) developed hematuria and proteinuria. Pathologically observed were focal and/or diffuse interstitial mononuclear infiltration with tubular degenerative changes in the renal cortex and generalized proliferative glomerulonephritis. Interstitial and glomerular lesions were not consistently correlated in intensity. By electron microscopy, mononuclear cells were occasionally in close contact with TBM, and some of them invaded the space between the tubular epithelial cells in the cortex. A continuous linear pattern of rabbit IgG was seen on GBM in all cases treated with both antisera, whereas a discontinuous linear pattern was observed on cortical TBM of a single case by immunofluorescence. In the dogs immunized with canine TBM, neither renal lesions nor autoantibodies against homologous renal tissues were produced.
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Yoshihisa NAITO, Daizo MURAKAMI
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
777-780
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The pH, Pco
2, Po
2, HCO
3-, and CO
2 content were determined in the blood of the coccygeal artery in l08 Holstein-Friesian cows. The mean values obtained at 39°C and 37°C (in parentheses) were: pH 7.464 (7.494), Pco
2 39.1 (35.9) mmHg, Po
2 107.2 (93.0) mmHg, HCO
3- 27.4 (26.8) mEq/L and CO
2 content 28.4 (27.9) mEq/L. Between blood samples from the coccygeal artery and those from the jugular vein of 35 of the total cows collected simultaneously, a correlation was observed in the pH, HCO
3- and CO
2 content, but no Correlation was found in the Pco
2 and Po
2 values. The correlation between the blood pH and the rumen fluid pH was not significant in 22 of the total cows examined.
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Mineo HAYASAKI
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
781-786
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Twenty mother dogs, and their 19. fetuses and 57 newborn puppies were examined by the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test for the transfer of anti-Dirofilaria immitis antibody from mothers to their offspring. The antibody was shown to be passively transferred via colostrum to the puppies and to persist in the puppies for approximately two months. On the other hand, no antibody was detected in the fetuses even when their mothers had high titers. The time-course studies indicated that, on the day of parturition, the colostral IHA titer was identical with that of the maternal serum and also that, within the first 5 to 7 days, the titers of maternal sera rapidly declined and then gradually decreased until 48 days after parturition.
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Osamu SASAKI, Masanori KATSUNO
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
787-793
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Leukocyte chemotactic activity of Veronal buffered saline (pH 7.2) extract of adult Metastrongylus apri (M. apri) was investigated in vivo and in vitro. The results are as follows; When 0.l ml of the extract containing 50 μg of protein was intradermally injected to guinea pigs, eosinophils and neutrophils began to accumulate at the injected sites in 4 hours after injection and the number of them reached the peak in 8 hours. The facts show that the extract has chemotactic activity over the polymorphs. Also, the activity for guinea pig leukocytes was confirmed by the in vitro assay by the modified Boyden chamber method. The number of migrating eosinophils and neutrophils was in proportion to logarithms of protein concentration of the extract ranging from 5 to 500/μg per ml both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, chemotaxis of macrophages was seen in vitro. The chemotactic activity was heat-labile, non-dialyzable and stable to lyophilization. These findings show that the eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration reported in swine and guinea pigs infected with M. apri are partly due to the chemotactic activity of the component(s) of the adult worms, which may be protein or a related substance.
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Masamichi KUROHMARU, Takao NISHIDA, Koshi MOCHIZUKI, Yoshihiro HAYASHI ...
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
795-797,799
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Teruo SATO, Mitsuyasu MIZUNO
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
801-803,805
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Shoji SHIRASAKA, Yoshimi BENNO
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
807-809
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Seiji KAWAMURA, Koshi YAMAMOTO, Manabu OGATA
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
811-814
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Hiroyasu EJIMA, Kazuo KUROKAWA, Shigenori IKEMOTO
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
815-817
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Hiroshi IMAGAWA, Kiyoshi HIRASAWA, Yutaka AKIYAMA, Tsuneyoshi OMORI
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
819-821
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Yoshitaka SUZUKI, Makoto SUGIMURA, Kinpei YAGI, Masashi OHBAYASHI, Chu ...
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
823-825
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Minoru TAKEUCHI, Hiroko SAKURAI, Minoru KIMOTO, Yasuo TASHIRO, Izumi S ...
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
827-829
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Takashi YOSHIKAWA, Hiroyasu YOSHIKAWA, Hiroyuki KOYAMA, Shiroh TSUBAKI
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
831-834
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Shigenori IKEMOTO, Buntaro MIYAKE, Haruhiro YOSHIDA, Yukio SAKURAI, Ko ...
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
835-837
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Shuhei KODERA, Yoshitaka SUZUKI, Makoto SUGIMURA
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
839-841,843
Published: October 25, 1982
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Shigeru ICHIJO, Kosuke TAKATORI, Ichiro TANAKA, Tatsuo KONISHI
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
845-847
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Nobuo KITAMURA, Junzo YAMADA, Tadayuki YAMASHITA
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
849-851
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Masayuki NAKAMURA, Haruo YOSHIMURA, Tetsuo KODERA, Shizuo SATO
1982 Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages
853-856
Published: October 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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