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Hiroshi FUJISE, Shouko NISHIKAWA, Hideko YOKOYAMA, Kousaku KOBAYASHI, ...
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
607-614
Published: October 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) from plasma at several ages were determined, and the origin of plasma ALP was investigated on the basis of the electrophoretic migration and the optimum pH in IS strain of rats (IS rats) and SD strain of rats (SD rats). Both in IS and SD rats, the activity was highest at the youngest group (8 weeks), and it decreased rapidly with age. The activities in IS rats at 8 and 10 weeks of age were 63% and 66% of those in SD rats. At 20 and 30 weeks of age, the difference was not clear. The zymogram gave two bands for SD rat plasma. One of the bands was regarded as the intestinal isozyme and the other was the osseous and/or the hepatic isozymes. The zymograms of IS rat plasma gave only one band which fairly consistent with that of the osseous or hepatic isozyme, and no intestinal isozyme was detected. The mobility of the intestinal isozyme was not completely identical between IS and SD rats. Thus, the molecular difference in the intestinal isozyme was thought to be a cause of the difference in the ALP activity and isozyme composition of the plasma between these two strains. The zymograms for other tissues did not show any difference between IS and SD rats. The effect of the change in pH on ALP activity also suggested that the plasma ALP in IS rats did not contain any intestinal isozyme.
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Takashi YOSHIKAWA, Hiroyasu YOSHIKAWA, Toshifumi OYAMADA, Kazuko SUZUK ...
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
615-623
Published: October 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Nodular lesions in the thyroid glands of 10 horses ranging from 3 to 35 years of age were studied by light and electron microscopy. Histologically, the lesions consisted of colloid follicles of various sizes and solid masses of proliferated cells. Such changes were interpreted as tumorous in nature (follicular adenoma). The quantitative distribution of such areas with colloid follicles and solid cell masses varied from case to case. In addition to such tumorous changes, C-cell hyperplasia was found. C-cells had the cytoplasm filled with characteristic fine granules demonstrable by the Sevier-Munger method and toluidine blue stain after fixed with glutaraldehyde and osmium. Under an electron microscope, they were identified as C-cells with characteristic secretory granules and appeared to be in an active phase. In addition to histogenesis of C-cell hyperplasia, it was discussed that hyperplasia or tumorous proliferation of C-cells may have been included in lesions diagnosed as follicular adenomas of the equine thyroid by previous workers. While the cause of C-cell hyperplasia remains unknown, it was presumed that abnormal bone metabolism occurring with age, hypercalcemia and calcitonin-stimulating substances may be related with C-cell hyperplasia.
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Eiichi MOMOTANI, Tomoo YOSHINO
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
625-631
Published: October 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Four cases of spontaneous dual infection of tuberculosis and paratuberculosis in beef cattle, first noticed in Japan, were examined pathologically. All of the cattle were from the same limited area of Hokkaido island. Tuberculous lesions were found in 2 to 9 organs, including the liver, lung, kidney and mesenteric lymph nodes, and granulomas showed the same appearance as in the case of single infection. Paratuberculous lesions characterized by intracellular short acid-fast bacilli were found in the jejunum, ileum, cecum and the draining lymph nodes, but they were not severe. The mesenteric lymph nodes revealed both tuberculous and paratuberculous lesions, and in 2 of the 4 cases both types of granulomas were present in the same sections. In such sections, short acid-fast bacilli were not numerous in granulomas adjacent to tuberculous lesions.
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Duck-Hwan KIM, Kenichiro ONO, Atsuhiko HASEGAWA, Isamu TOMODA
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
633-639
Published: October 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Polarizing and fluorescent microscopic examination was performed on 10 bovine amyloidladen kidneys after Congo red staining. Severe amyloid deposits were detected in the glomeruli and slight to moderate ones in the medullary regions. On these kidneys amyloid fibrils were electron microscopically examined for their localization. Fibrils were demonstrated in the mesangial matrix (10 cases), on the glomerular basement membrane (7 cases), in the subendothelial area (7 cases), in the subepithelial area (2cases), on the basement membrane of Bowman's capsule (3 cases) and between the basement membrane of Bowman's capsule and its epithelial cell (one case). Amyloid fibrils in free state were also detected in Bowman's space of all cases. Amyloid fibrils in bundle from the glomerular basement membrane and from the mesangial matrix to Bowman's space were confirmed in one case. Fibrils were detected also around the interstitial fibroblast (9 cases), on the tubular basement membrane (2 cases), in the subepithelial area (2 cases), and in the pericapillary area (3 cases). No fibril was found in tubular lumen of any case.
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Katsumi KUME, Toyotsugu NAKAI, Akira SAWATA
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
641-647
Published: October 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Isolation of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae (Hpn) from nasal cavities of healthy pigs was investigated. The organisms produced typical transparent and smooth colonies with iridescence on the S agar medium. Isolation was done according to the growth chracteristics. A total of 293 Hpn strains (47.3%) was isolated from 619 pigs housed on 87 farms in different geographic districts of Japan during 1982/83. The organisms were isolated from all ages of pigs, and they were distributed in varying rates (20% to 100%) among the 87 farms. The organisms appeared to be one of common bacteria present in the upper respiratory tract of pigs. All the isolates were identified as serotype 2, therefore, the serotype 2 strains of Hpn were distributed widely among pigs in recent Japanese field as a clinically inapparent carrier state. Significant correlation (P<0.01) was observed between the presence of Hpn in nasal cavities and positive complement-fixation (CF) antibodies in pigs. The prevalence of Hpn among live pigs can be estimated by the CF test instead of the bacterial isolation test. The CF test might be useful for detection of the carrier pigs.
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Tomoko HIGASHIHARA, Takeshi MIKAMI, Kazuhiko OHASHI, Hiroshi KODAMA, M ...
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
649-658
Published: October 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Monoclonal antibodies against MDCC-MSB1 cells were established by somatic cell hybridization between mouse myeloma cells and spleen cells from mice immunized with MSB1 cells to analyze the surface antigens of MSB1 cells and other Marek's disease (MD) line cells. Three independent hybridomas which secreted antibodies against MD tumor-associated surface antigen (MATSA) were selected for detailed studies. These antibodies were of the immunoglobulin G
1 subclass. The titers of these antibodies, as determined by the membrane immunofluorescence test on MSB1 cells were 5
253 (culture fluid) or 5
557 (ascitic fluid). One of these antibodies (2B9) was only specific for MATSA on MSB1 cells while others (2D5 and 2D8) reacted with not only MSB1 cells but also with other MD line cells in various degrees. These antibodies also reacted with MD tumor cells from birds in the field suffering from MD, but the percentage of MATSA-positive cells on MD tumor cells varied and ranged from 5 to 34%. They did not react with any other avian cells including normal chicken lymphoid cells, chicken kidney cells and quail fibroblasts inoculated with MD virus and erythrocytes from 1-day-old and adult chickens. Furthermore, they did not react with erythrocytes from cow, sheep and horse. The specificity of these antibodies for MSB 1 cells and/or MD tumor cells were confirmed by absorption test. The reactivities of these antibodies against MSB1 cells were blocked by the treatment of the cells with homologous antibody but not with heterologous antibodies.
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Takashi SUZUKI
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
659-667
Published: October 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Dissection of the cows injected with red-colored starch or latex revealed that the arteries which supplied the masseter muscle were the facial, external carotid, transverse facial, masseteric, and buccal arteries. The subdivided muscles of the masseter muscle received such various arteries and their branches, in the following manners. 1) The first and second superficial and intermediate masseter muscles received the masseteric branches from the facial and external carotid arteries as well as the transverse facial, masseteric, and buccal arteries. 2) The pars anterior of the deep masseter muscle received only the masseteric artery. 3) The pars posterior of the deep masseter muscle received the masseteric and transverse facial arteries. 4) The precursory layer of the maxillomandibular muscle received the masseteric, buccal, and transverse facial arteries. 5) The first and second layers of the maxillomandibular muscle and the zygomaticomandibular muscle received the buccal and masseteric arteries.
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Osamu ITOH, Hideharu SASAKI, Takuma HANAKI
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
669-675
Published: October 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Neutralizing antibody in serial serums from calves infected with non-cytopathogenic (NCP) strain No.12 of bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD) virus was comparatively titrated by the semi-micro reverse plaque fromation (RPF) and the END methods. There was a tendency that the neutralizing antibody titer was estimated eightfold higher in the semi-micro RPF method than in the END method. Antigenic relationships among three Japanese strains and two American strains were examined by the cross-neutralization and kinetic neutralization tests using the RPF technique. In cross-neutralization test, differences in antibody titers were not more than twofold among three Japanese strains. However, there were eightfold differences in some combinations of the Japanese and American strains. Kinetic neutralization test also demonstrated that three NCP strains of BVD-MD virus isolated in Japan were closely related. The American strains were antigenically distinct from three Japanese strains used in this study although some antigenic similarity was recognized in some combinations of the strains and the antisera. Moreover, these two American strains appeared to differ one another slightly.
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Yutaka YAMADA, Yasuo KAWAI, Shozo WATANABE
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
677-685
Published: October 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Prepuberal gilts were injected intramuscularly with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)(6 IU/kg of body weight) 72 hr after receiving pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMS) (12 IU/kg of body weight) and ovulation was verified by laparotomy. Changes in concentrations of prostaglandins (PGs) and steroids in peripheral plasma, ovarian vein plasma and follicular fluid were examined. Ovulation occurred 32 to 48 hr after HCG administration. Progesterone levels were low at the time of HCG administration, but markedly increased after ovulation. Estradiol-17β and testosterone levels which reached maximum values 72 hr after PMS administration, decreased after HCG administration and remained low until about 36 hr after ovulation. Levels of PGF
2α in ovarian vein reached maximum values near the time of ovulation. Concentrations of PGE
1, PGF
2α and 6-keto-PGF
1α in follicular fluid remained relatively low until 18 hr after HCG injection followed by an increase 36 to 42 hr after HCG administration and reached maximum values as expected time of ovulation approached. In gilts given indomethacin 24 hr after HCG injection, ovulation was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. But patterns of steroid secretion in indomethacin-treated gilts were similar to those of controls. Levels of PGE
1 and PGF
2α in the follicular fluid were low 48 and 72 hr after HCG injection. These results suggest that PGs play an important role in process of ovulation in gilts as well as in other animals.
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Teruo SATO
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
687-692
Published: October 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The indocyanine green excretion test was performed in dairy cows, and the usefulness of this test was demonstrated. The results were obtained as follows; (1) Absorption maximum of indocyanine green dye was observed at the wavelength of 805 nm, (2) The dose of indocyanine green dye was varied between 0.25 and 0.75 mg/kg body weight in heifers with no significant (P>0.05) difference in plasma clearance, (3) When the dose of 0.25 mg/kg body weight was given to cows, the disappearance was exponential from 2 to 8 min after injection of indocyanine green dye solution in heifers and calvers, and (4) No side effects during and after injection of indocyanine green dye solution were observed.
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Duck-Hwan KIM, Kenichiro ONO, Atsuhiko HASEGAWA, Isamu TOMODA
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
693-696
Published: October 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Amyloid substances were extracted from bovine amyloid-laden kidneys and examined for their morphological characteristics. The substances were shown to contain amyloid fibrils with subunits of protofibril structure, about 2 to 2.3 nm wide, which were non-branching and almost uniform in width, approximately 13 nm (8 to 18 nm), having no periodicity. In addition, amyloid p-component was also demonstrated in doughnuts- or ring-like structure, about 10 nm in the outside diameter and 5 nm in the inside diameter.
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Masahiro HIRANO, Keizo MAITA, Yasuhiko SHIRASU
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
697-704
Published: October 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The effect of N-nitroso-ethylenethiourea (N-nitroso-ETU) on germinal cells of male mice was investigated by a time-course study of histology including a semi-quantitative analysis on the distribution of germinal cells. After a single peroral dose of 200 mg/kg of N-nitroso-ETU, the testes were examined on each of days 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49. Testicular weights showed a progressive decrease until day 21 followed by a gradual recovery afterwards. In histological analysis the minimal incidence of each germinal cell, i. e., spermatogonium, spermatocyte, spermatid, and spermatozoon, was observed on days 4, 14, 21 and 28 after the treatment, respectively. Temporal depletion of sperm from ductal lumen of the epididymides was observed on day 35. These results indicated that N-nitroso-ETU selectively affected spermatogonia, producing consequent temporal azoospermia or oligozoospermia.
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Takeshi YAGIHASHI, Tetsuo NUNOYA, Tadao MITUI, Masanori TAJIMA
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
705-713
Published: October 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The exacerbating effect of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mh) infection on the development of pneumonia caused by subsequent infection with Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae (Hp) was investigated in pigs. Pigs were inoculated intranasally with 10
7 cells of Mh, followed 16 days later by an intranasal inoculation of 10
5 cells of Hp. Other pigs were given either organism alone by the identical manner. One pig infected with both agents died 3 days after Hp inoculation, and had necrotizing, hemorrhagic fibrinous pleuropneumonia. All other pigs were killed 35 days after Mh inoculation. Pigs infected with both organisms showed more severe clinical signs, more extensive and widespread pneumonic lesions characterized by chronic form with necrotic nodules and pleurisy when compared with pigs infected with either organism alone. Extrapulmonary dissemination of both organisms occurred more frequently in doubly infected pigs than in pigs infected with either agent alone. These results indicate that previous infection of Mh acts as one of predisposed factors exacerbating porcine haemophilus pleuropneumonia. There were no correlations between antibody titers to Hp and intensity of lung lesions.
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Takashi UEMURA, Takeo MAEKAWA, Genji SAKAGUCHI
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
715-720
Published: October 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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A simple and reproducible assay method using African green-monkey kidney (Vero) cells for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin was developed. Vero cells were incubated with enterotoxin in wells on a microtiter plate for 60 min at 37 C and stained with a 0.2% nigrosin solution. A nearly linear curve was obtained between the ratio of the stained cells and the log dose of purified enterotoxin ranging from 25 to 400 ng/ml. As culture supernatant of some strains in Duncan and Strong (DS) medium caused false positive reaction, the proposed method may not be reliable for assaying enterotoxin in culture at a concentration of 250 ng/ml or lower. Dilution of the culture supernatant by 10-fold or higher with buffered saline eliminated such false positive reaction. The Vero-cell staining assay, therefore, is applicable for assaying enterotoxin in pure form and that in cultures in DS medium at 250 ng/ml or higher concentrations. It seems essential to prove that the reaction is neutrarized with anti-enterotoxin serum.
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Ryohei NAKAJIMA, Ken-ichi KANEKO, Nobuo HASHIMOTO
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
721-727
Published: October 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The mice orally vaccinated with viable or formalin-killed cells of serovar O3 of Yersinia enterocolitica were resistant to fecal excretions of the organism when intraperitoneally challenged. The OH agglutinins of the orally immunized mice were boosted upon subsequent intraperitoneal challenge. The mice having developed high serum agglutinin titers of 1:320 or more were protected against fecal excretions of the organism upon subsequent intraperitoneal challenge. Upon intragastrical challenge, however, such high agglutinin titers did not protect the mice against the fecal excretion. Duration of fecal excretion was shortened in the mice having received spleen or mesenteric lymph nodes cells derived from immunized mice.
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Hitoshi GOTO, Eiji UCHIDA, Shigeru ICHIJO, Kiheiji SHIMIZU, Yasuo MORO ...
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
729-731
Published: October 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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In SPF cats inoculated with canine parvovirus, no clinical signs of the disease could be seen throughout the observaton period. However, there was a reverse correlation between the development of serum antibody and the propagation of the virus in organs of the experimental cats.
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Minoru TAKEUCHI, Izumi SUZUKI, Hiroshi SHIBATA, Akio SATO
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
733-736
Published: October 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Effect of soft x-ray irradiations through a 10 mm-thick acrylfilter on a syngeneic MC-1 tumor in C57BL/6 mice was investigated. The irradiations with 1000 and 2000 R produced a significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth. Although the irradiation with 300 and 600 R did not produce a significant effect on the tumor size and survival days, histological inspection showed appreciable inhibition of the tumor growth by these low doses.
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Ryo HARASAWA, Hitoshi KOTANI, Shmuel RAZIN, Kaoru KOSHIMIZU
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
737-740
Published: October 15, 1984
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Chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acids of ureaplasmas isolated from various animals were analyzed by restriction endonucleases. Possible evicence for methylated bases at the 5'-CCGG-3'sequence in the Ureaplasma urealyticum chromosome was obtained. The DNA cleavage patterns revealed by agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the unspeciated animal ureaplasmas are distinct each other and from the two established species, U. urealyticum from man, and U. diversum from cattle. This indicates the marked genomic variation among the ureaplasmas originating from chimpanzees, marmosets, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, and chickens.
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Hiroyuki TANIYAMA, Shigeru ICHIJO, Takeshi ONO
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
741-744
Published: October 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The first occurrence of scrapie of sheep in Japan was noted. Three Suffolk-breed ewes, which clinically showed gradual weakness, severe emaciation, pruritus, ataxia and extensive loss of wool, were histopathologically examined. The characteristic lesions such as vacuolation of nerve cells and development of spongy state of gray matter were observed in the midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata and spinal cord. The present histological features of the lesions in the central nervous system were very analogous to those so far reported on scrapie of sheep.
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Seiichi HIGUCHI, Seiichi KAWAMURA, Kenko HANAMATSU, Yoshio YASUDA
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
745-748
Published: October 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Transmission electron microscopic study was made on merozoites of Theileria sergenti in erythrocytes collected from the bone marrow and the spleen of cattle experimentally infected. Merozoites, 1.0 to 2.5 μm in length, contained a nucleus, endoplasmic reticula, ribosomes, and vacuoles. Mitochondrion-like structures and excretion-like phenomenon by tubules were found. The feeding through the cytostome and excretion through the tubule were suggested.
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Yoshimi BENNO, Tomotari MITSUOKA
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
749-752
Published: October 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The incidence and isolation of the three new Bacteroids species (B. pyogenes, B. suis and B. heocogenes) from 93 abscesses in 89 pigs were investigeted. The Bacteroides spp. were recovered from 54 abscesses. B. pyogenes and B. suis were the most frequent Bacteroides isolated (75.9% and 66.7%, respectively). The combinations of B. pyogenes and B. suis in the abscesses were frequently encountered and accounted for 37.0%.
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Shin-ichiro KATSUDA, Noriji TABA, Kenji CHIMI
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
753-756
Published: October 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The effects of gonyautoxins (GTXs), the major component of paralytic shellfish poison in Japan, on cardiovascular system in rabbits were examined by means of the electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern and the arterial pressure changes. The intravenous administration of GTXs produced transient arrhythmia and hypotension. GTXs induced prolongation of P-R and QRS intervals in the ECG, which was prone to initiate paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, fibrillation and flutter in a large amount of GTXs. Similar results were observed in vagotomized rabbits.
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Norio HIRANO, Katsuhiko ONO, Naoaki GOTO
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
757-760
Published: October 15, 1984
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After inoculation with strain MHV-2 and MHV-3 into DBT cell monolayers, two persistently infected cell cultures were established. By immunofluorescence virus specific antigen was demonstrated in 10 to 20% cells of both cultures. The established cultures released small plaque mutants, which were lower in virulence for susceptible mice than the original strains. Persistent infection established in DBT cells was not due to the presence of temperature sensitive mutants, defective interfering particles or interferon, but due to the carrier state.
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Tokuma YANAI, Kazuo KUDO, Jun MANABE, Naochika MATSUNUMA
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
761-765
Published: October 15, 1984
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The incidence of spontaneous mineralization in the brain of aged B6C3F1 mice and its histopathological and ultrastructural features were studied. Mineralized foci were observed in the wall of small blood vessels of the thalamus. They varied in shape and size and were positive for von Kossa stain. Ultrastructurally, electron dense deposit were shown in the thickened basement membrane. The lesions were detected first at 58 weeks of age and the incidence and the severity were higher in aged animals.
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Makoto SUGIYAMA, Nobuyuki MINAMOTO, Toshio KINJO, Akira HASHIMOTO
1984 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages
767-769
Published: October 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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In serological survey by immune adherence hemagglutination test, 129 of 578 dog sera (22.3%) had titers of 1:8 or higher against bovine rotavirus, Lincoln strain. Of them, the positive rate of antibody in the family dogs was significantly higher than that in the stray dogs. Furthermore, the family dogs were shown to have obviously higher incidence of antibody against Wa strain of human rotavirus than Lincoln strain.
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