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Akira SHIMIZU, Junichi KAWANO, Shige KIMURA
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
207-215
Published: April 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The phage typing of 226 strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolated from 9 different animal species and humans was performed. CNS were identified using the simplified scheme of Kloos and Schleifer. With the human Staphylococcus epidermidis phage set of Pulverer, it was possible to type 109 (48.2%) of 226 strains of CNS at routine test dilution (RTD). Typabilities of the human, cattle, horse, swine, dog, rabbit, mouse, chicken, pigeon and quail strains were 60.0%, 54.5%, 50.0%, 40.7%, 100%, 53.8%, 100%, 37.7%, 0% and 100%, respectively. Although 33 different phage patterns were detected, 64 of the 109 typable strains were of phage pattern Ph5/Ph9/Ph10/Ph12/Ph13/U4/U14/U16/U20/U46. There was no significant relation between phage types and the origin of the strains. The phages Ph5, Ph9, Ph10, Ph12, Ph13, U4, U14, U16, U20 and U46 showed lytic activity on S. xylosus, S. simulans, S. epidermidis, S. cohnii, S. haemolyticus, S. capitis, S. hominis and S. warneri. The reacting ability of phages Ph6, Ph14, Ph15, Ph16 and U15 seemed to be limited to S. xylosus and S. epidermidis. Attempts were made to isolate phages for typing CNS strains from animals. Seven phages were isolated from lysogenic strains of CNS and their usefulness for the typing of CNS was evaluated. Of the 226 CNS strains examined, only 27 (11.9%) were typable at RTD. The temperate phages were of limited value in typing CNS strains of animal origin, although 9 of 117 strains untypable by Pulverer's phages were lysed by the present phages.
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Minoru MAEDA, Syunji KOIZUMI, Muneomi YACHI, Masayuki IWASAKI, Takaaki ...
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
217-223
Published: April 15, 1987
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Newcastel disease (ND) occurred among flocks of racing pigeons in Japan from 1983 to 1984. Diseased pigeons exhibited nervous symptoms and diarrhea with a 13% of mortality rate. Thirty-three of the affected pigeons from 9 flocks were subjected to pathological examination. No characteristic gross changes were observed. In 15 of the 33 pigeons including 10 birds (group 1) from which ND viruses (NDV) were isolated and 5 affected birds (group 2) which had no hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies and in which no attempt was made to isolate NDV, the main histopathological changes consisted of necrosis or atrophy of the lymphoid tissue in the spleen as well as in the bursa of Fabricius and thymus, splenitis, nephritis, and hepatitis, in addition to non-purulent encephalomyelitis. In the others (18 of 33 pigeons; group 3) in which HI antibodies were detected but NDV was not isolated, the lesions consisted of hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue in the spleen, follicular aggregation of lymphoid cells in the kidney and non-purulent encephalomyelitis. Based on the histopathological changes, it was considered that the viscerotropic and neurotropic strains of NDV had affected flocks of racing pigeons in Japan.
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Junji ITO, Yasuo KISO, Shoji YAMAUCHI
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
225-233
Published: April 15, 1987
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The distribution of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) was examined histochemically in the placenta and ovary of the cat at 14 gestational stages to discuss the possibility of steroidogenesis in the cat placenta. The enzymes investigated in this study were Δ
5-3β-HSD, 17β-HSD, 20α-HSD, 20β-HSD and G-6-PDH. The activity of Δ
5-3β-HSD was detected in the trophoblast of placental labyrinth and junctional zone. The activity of Δ
5-3β-HSD was weak at the early stage of gestation, but being gradually increased with the progress of gestation. The activity was strongest at the stage of an 88-mm fetus in CRL (day 45), then decreased slightly toward term. No activity of 17β-HSD was detected in the trophoblast, but a weak activity was detected in the glandular epithelium, persisting throughout pregnancy. In the corpus luteum, the activity of Δ
5-3β-HSD was strong or moderate until the stage of an 80-mm fetus (day 43), then abruptly decreased toward term. These results suggested that the conversion of pregnenolone into progesterone may proceed in the trophoblast of the cat placenta and support the fact that ovariectomy after day 45 or 49 of gestation did not interrupt pregnancy.
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Takashi SASAKI, Yoshimitsu MAEDE, Shigeo NAMIOKA
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
235-243
Published: April 15, 1987
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Peptidoglycan (PG) derived from Bifidobacterium thermophilum, an intestinal flora of swine, was given orally to suckling piglets, and a comparison was made of the immunoresponsiveness of the lamina propria in the small intestinal mucosa and the numbers of E. coli in various parts of the intestines of treated and non-treated piglets 5 and 6 weeks old. After PG treatment, the numbers of IgA-bearing cells of the lamina propria in the middle of the jejunum and in the ileum were significantly higher than those of the non-treated group at 5 and 6 weeks of age (p<0.01), respectively. The number of IgA-bearing cells in the lamina propria was much higher than that of IgM-bearing cells in the treated piglets, whereas the number of IgM-bearing cells in the lamina propria was much larger than that of IgA-bearing cells in the control. As a result of these findings, it was concluded that local immunoresponsiveness developed with the oral administration of PG. The lower numbers of E. coli found in various portions of the small intestines of the treated animals as compared with the control group suggested that the count of E. coli was inversely proportional to the IgA-bearing cells in both the PG administration group and the non-treated group.
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Yutaka NAKAI, Keiji OGIMOTO
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
245-249
Published: April 15, 1987
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A strain of Eimeria tenella of Japan origin was serially passaged 51 times in chicken embryos. Any obvious changes of reproductivity and lethality to chicken embryos of the passage strain were not observed. Chickens infected with oocysts passaged 41 times in chicken embryos showed less severe cecal lesions and hemorrhage, and higher values of body weight gain, feed intake and lower value of feed requirment, compared with chickens infected with oocysts passaged once in chicken embryos. Less severe lesions were also observed in chickens infected with oocysts passaged 51 times in chicken embryos than those in chickens with oocysts passaged once. It was indicated that pathogenicity of the strain was attenuated after serial passage in chicken embryos.
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Yasuyuki HAYASHI, Hiroshi KODAMA, Takeshi MIKAMI, Hisao IZAWA
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
251-260
Published: April 15, 1987
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Restriction endonuclease cleavage analysis of three salmonid herpesvirus (strain H-83, OO-7812 strain of Oncorhynchus masou virus (OMV) and Herpesvirus salmonis) DNAs was performed by using DNA extracted directly from virus-infected cells. Clear-cut cleavage patterns were obtained when DNA was extracted from approximately 1.1×10
5 cells infected with the viruses, and the patterns were unique for each herpesvirus. After passages of strain H-83 and OMV for 33 and 36 times in vitro, respectively, some fragments were noted to appear or disappear. However, no DNA fragment of H. salmonis changed during the 36th passage. During the second passage levels, strain H-83 and OMV showed high virulence in masu salmon (O. masou) fry (100% mortality by 27 days postinoculation), whereas the viruses showed a decrease in virulence even at more than 33 passage levels.
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Hitoshi KITAGAWA, Yoshihide SASAKI, Akihide MATSUI, Katsuya ISHIHARA, ...
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
261-266
Published: April 15, 1987
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Serum haptoglobin (Hp) concentration was determined as a hemoglobin binding capacity in normal dogs and dogs with dirofilariasis. The serum Hp level in 13 normal dogs was 114.8±31.5 (S.D.) mg/dl. In 33 dogs with mild dirofilariasis, serum Hp concentration ranged widely from 0 to 349.5mg/dl with a mean of 75.1±151.4mg/dl. In this group, the case which showed respiratory abnormalities had a higher serum Hp level. The cases in which urine or renal hemosiderin was detected showed low serum Hp concentrations. In 17 dogs with chronic serious dirofilariasis, the serum Hp level was 33.7±59.8mg/dl. In this group, only 2 cases had a slightly higher serum Hp concentration. Serum Hp level of 0mg/dl was found in 8 cases (47.1%). In 21 dogs with dirofilarial hemoglobinuria (caval syndrome), the serum Hp concentration ranged from 9.9 to 135.0mg/dl with a mean of 48.2±29.5mg/dl. The serum Hp level in this group was higher than in the serious group. The plasma hemoglobin concentration was higher than the serum Hp concentration in all cases in the hemoglobinuria group. From these findings, the intravascular hemolysis should exist not only in the hemoglobinuria group but also in the mild and serious groups.
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Yoshihiro SUGIYAMA, Ikuo TAKASHIMA, Nobuo HASHIMOTO
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
267-278
Published: April 15, 1987
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Culture-supernates of Yersinia (Y.) pseudotuberculosis IB carrying virulence-plasmid (p
+) and virulence-plasmid lacking mutant (p
-) were analyzed iin Sephacryl S-300 to identify V antigen of Yersinia. A protein-complex of 150K dalton was detected in the peak I fraction from Sephacryl S-300 of Y. pseudotuberculosis IB (p
+) but not in that of IB mutant (p
-). Using SDS-PAGE, this protein complex was dissociated into the proteins of molecular weights of 31K, 38K, 56k and 66K dalton in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol and SDS. Ion exchange chromatography with DE-52 also detected a protein of a molecular weight of 38K dalton in 0.1 M NaCl fraction of the culture supernate of Y. pseudotuberculosis IB (p
+). 38K dalton protein was commonly detected in several strains of different Yersinia species as the 38±2K dalton. Anti-V antigen serum reacted specifically to the peak I fraction from Sephacryl S-300 and the 0.1 M fraction from DE-52, both of which contained 38K dalton protein. From these results, 38K dalton protein was identified as V antigen. Two out of six monoclonal antibodies prepared reacted to V antigen of 38K dalton protein in SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. V antigens from different Yersinia species were found to share common reactivity but to be partly different in the reactivity from each other.
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Masashi EGUCHI, Yuichi YOKOMIZO, Chikara KUNIYASU
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
279-283
Published: April 15, 1987
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Biochemical characteristics of 34 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae derived from horses were examined. Fermentation of dulcitol and sorbose, and decomposition of urea provided most of the information needed to differentiate the isolates of K penumoniae, and 4 biotypes were found among the 34 isolates of K pneumoniae. All of 20 isolates from mares with metritis, one of 11 isolates from prepuces of stallions and one isolate from a lung of a foal were identified as capsular type 1. All isolates of capsular type 1 belonged to the same biotype. Isolates from stallions and foals, which were not identified as capsular types 1 to 6, were differentiated from the isolates of capsular type 1 by the fermenting ability of sorbose. Therefore, the fermentation test of sorbose may be potentially useful to identify K penumoniae of capsular type 1 that causes metritis of mares.
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Hitoshi KITAGAWA, Yoshihide SASAKI, Masaaki MORI, Katsuya ISHIHARA
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
285-293
Published: April 15, 1987
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The lipids in serum, lipoproteins and erythrocyte membranes were analyzed by the thin-layer chromatography-flame ionization detector (TLC-FID) method in normal dogs (control group, n=18) and dogs with dirofilarial hemoglobinuria (hemoglobinuria group, n=19) and chronic serious dirofilariasis (serious group, n=12). Compared with the control group, the hemoglobinuria and serious groups showed a higher serum free cholesterol (FC) level and erythrocyte membrane FC content, and lower serum cholesterol ester (CE) ratio. The serum triglyceride (TG) level in the serious group was higher. Phospholipid (PL) profile in the hemoglobinuria group revealed that serum and erythrocyte membrane sphingomyelin (SM) levels were higher, but other PL levels were not higher. In the serious group, the serum lysophosphatidyl choline (lyso-PC) level was lower, whereas the serum SM, erythrocyte membrance phosphatidyl serine and total lipid levels were higher. The hemoglobinuria group had a low level of high density lipoprotein (HDL), high levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in serum. CE ratio and lyso-PC content in HDL were lower, and all lipid contents in LDL in the hemoglobinuria group were higher. The increases of FC contents in serum and erythrocyte membrane related to the increase of FC content in LDL, and the decreases of PL contents other than SM related to the decrease of serum HDL concentraiton. Though the difference from the control group was greater, the lipid metabolism in the hemoglobinuria group might be fundamentally similar to that in the serious group.
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Motokuni NAKAZAWA, Hiroyuki TANIYAMA, Isao NARAMA, Takeshi ONO
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
295-301
Published: April 15, 1987
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Histopathological examination was carried out on the hepatic lesions of hepatocystosis in eighteen cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) from Southeast Asia, and the pathogenesis was discussed. The lesions caused by the protozoa were found only in the liver, showing the stages of exoerythrocytic schizogony of Hepatocystis, i.e., formation of merocysts and release of merozoites, with degenerative and/or progressive changes of the hepatic tissue. In these lesions, immature or mature merocysts unreleasing merozoite were destroyed and replaced by the granulation tissue. Early stage of the development of schizont and the necrotic lesions caused of release of merozoites from mature merocysts with the host reaction were found in a few monkeys within 20 days after imported into Japan. The disease without rupture of merocysts was not so harmful to the host animal, and the monkeys who passed a sufficient quarantine period could be utilized for experimental purposes. The parasite of the present cases was identified to be Hepatocystis semnopitheci by its characteristic structure of merocyst and the geographical localization of the host animals.
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Hiroyoshi NINOMIYA, Tsunenori NAKAMURA
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
303-312
Published: April 15, 1987
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The vascular system of a rat mammary tumor, fibroadenoma, was investigated by scanning electron microscopy of resin casts. The present research was designed to provide a three-dimensional presentation of the tumor vasculature and its capillary circulation. Arterial injections of methyl methacrylate were made through the left ventricle to prepare the corrosion casts. The principal sources of blood to the tumor at the breast and inguinal region were the lateral thoracic and caudal superficial epigastric arteries, respectively. These vessels entwined the tumor, establishing irregular vascular conglomerations over its entire surface. The main vessels to the tumor were always straight and greatly enlarged just before and after they entered the tumor. The main trunks of the tumor vascular vessels lacked intraarterial cushions, which regulate blood flow at branching sites. The capillary network consisted of a plexus of fine capillaries with no resemblance to the differentiated vascular system. Two types of capillaries were present in the network: those that were thin with a luminal diameter of 5-12μm and formed a coarse capillary plexus, possibly the fibrous part, and those that were thick with sinusoidal dilations ranging 40-50μm in diameter and formed a densely packed capillary network, possibly the glandular part.
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Yoshikazu NISHIKAWA, Yohichi KAMATA, Tsuyoshi BABA
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
313-321
Published: April 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Escherichia coli inoculated into the uterus under the influence of estradiol causes asymptomatic infection, whereas under the influence of other hormones, it induces purulent endometritis. The present study was undertaken to explain how estradiol prevents E. coli-caused purulent endometritis in rats. Since accumulation of uterine luminal fluid caused by estrogen has been well established, attempts were made to see if it prevents endometritis. Neither retained nor transferred luminal fluid inhibited E. coli from causing purulent endometritis in ovariectomized rats. Then, the relationship between hormone-induced histological changes and uterine susceptibility to E. coli was examined. Mast cells and eosinophils were counted and luminal epithelial cell proliferation and the height of endometrial epithelial cells were examined in rats treated with progesterone and/or estradiol. The luminal epithelial cells were tall when E. coli failed to induce purulent endometritis. It was suggested that estradiol modifies luminal epithelial cells, histologically expressed as greater cell heights, making the uterus resistant to E. coli.
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Yasuhiro KON, Yoshiharu HASHIMOTO, Hiroshi KITAGAWA, Norio KUDO
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
323-331
Published: April 15, 1987
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The juxtaglomerular (JG) cells were demonstrated in the carp kidney by stains of Bowie, periodic acid Schiff-hematoxylin and toluidine blue (pH 12). Ultrastructurally, the JG cells had a large electron-lucent nucleus, a well-developed Golgi apparatus, a rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, cisternae of which were occasionally enlarged, minute secretory granules of about 230nm in diameter and contractory elements consisting of myofilaments and attachment bodies. By immunocytochemistry using anti-renin serum, numerous immunoreactive JG cells were demonstrated mainly in the areas of the tunica media of the arterioles or the small arteries, and occasionally in the boundary region between the tunica media and the tunica adventitia of the arterial vessels. In each cell, the immuno-reactivities were polarized toward the adventitial side rather than the medial side. Renin-immunoreactive cells were observed neither in the walls of the efferent arterioles nor in the mesangial regions. These results suggest that a definite control system of blood pressure via the renin-angiotensin series functions in the mesonephros in fishes as it does in the metanephros in mammals.
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Takashi ISOBE, Kyo SUZUKI
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
333-339
Published: April 15, 1987
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Immunoglobulin M and G immune response to Leucocytozoon caulleryi in chickens were investigated with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In chickens experimentally infected with L. caulleryi, IgM antibodies against schizonts were detected from 10 days after sporozoite inoculation and peaked at 3 weeks following inoculation. Thereafter they decreased and remained at a low level. However, IgG antibodies against schizonts were detected from 14 days after sporozoite inoculation, increased gradually, and reached a high level from 8 to 10 weeks after inoculation. On the other hand, in naturally infected chickens, IgM and IgG antibodies against schizonts were detected with/after detection of protozoa in blood smears. IgM antibodies subsequently decreased and maintained a lower level than that of IgG, although IgG antibodies against schizonts of L. caulleryi persisted at a high level for nearly one year.
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Seiichi HIGUCHI
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
341-347
Published: April 15, 1987
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Studies were made on the development of Theileria sergenti in the midgut of the nymphal tick vector, Haemaphysalis longicornis. In 10hr post-repletion, merozoites were observed in or outside of erythrocytes infected with T. sergenti in the contents of the midgut of the tick. Within 24hr post-repletion, many merozoites were noticed outside of erythrocytes. They were 1.0-2.5μm in size, and round, and comma-shaped, or spindle-shaped. After that, these merozoites were transformed into ring-forms which were comparatively large ring 1-2μm in diameter. Within 48-72hr post-repletion, ring-formed protozoa developed into eosinophilic macrogametes 3-4μm in diameter and spindle-shaped protozoa which were considered as microgametes 5μm in length. Within 3-5 days post-repletion, round or elliptic zygotes were observed in the gut. They were 4-5μm in diameter. About 6 days after repletion, zygotes began to decrease gradually in number and disappered finally from the gut. Then round protozoa (4-5μm in diameter) appeared again in the gut epithelial cells.
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Eiichi KAWAKAMI, Toshihiko TSUTSUI, Youichi YAMADA, Akira OGASA, Makot ...
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
349-356
Published: April 15, 1987
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A total of 29 adult unilaterally cryptorchid dogs were examined for their spermatogenic function and plasma androgen levels. The testes, epididymides, and prostates were studied histologically. The 4-androstenedione (A), 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and testosterone (T) levels in the peripheral and spermatic venous plasma were measured by the RIA method to estimate their endocrine functions. The mean diameter of seminiferous tubules in the undescended testis was 125μm about half that in the normal testis. A few primary spermatocytes were found in the testis of about one-theird of the cryptorchid dogs. Neither spermatids nor spermatozoa were seen in any undescended testis and Leydig cells were tended to be atrophic. Primary spermatocytes and spermatids were significantly fewer in the contralateral than in the normal testis (P<0.01). The development of epididymides and prostates was demonstrated in the cryptorchid dogs. Mean spermatic venous plasma A and DHT levels were significantly higher in the cryptorchid than in normal dogs (P<0.01), in contrast to the significantly lower mean spermatic venous plasma T level (P<0.01). The peripheral venous plasma A and T levels showed the same changes as did the spermatic venous plasma androgen levels, but the DHT level was nearly equal to that in normal dogs. The spermatogenesis and T secretory function of the scrotal as well as uncescended testis in the unilateral cryptorchid dog were inferior to those in normal dogs.
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Takashi ISOBE, Kyo SUZUKI
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
357-359
Published: April 15, 1987
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Makoto INOUE, Naoaki GOTO, Akio SATO, Kanji SHIRAMIZU
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
361-363
Published: April 15, 1987
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Tomoko NISHIMORI, Tadao IMADA, Michiharu SAKURAI, Taku KITABAYASHI, Hi ...
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
365-367
Published: April 15, 1987
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Yoshiko MOTOI, Shotaro TAKEUCHI, Yasuyuki NAKAJIMA
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
369-372
Published: April 15, 1987
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Kosuke OKADA, Ippei SAKAGUCHI, Shigeru NUMAKUNAI, Yoko AIDA, Misao ONU ...
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
373-377
Published: April 15, 1987
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Hiroshi FUJISE, Hideko YOKOYAMA, Kohsaku KOBAYASHI, Masahiko ISHIBASHI
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
379-381
Published: April 15, 1987
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Hiroyuki IWATA, Kenichiro ONO, Atsuhiko HASEGAWA, Isamu TOMODA
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
383-386
Published: April 15, 1987
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Osamu IWASHITA, Ryo HARASAWA
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
387-389
Published: April 15, 1987
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Hideki TABARU, Hiroyuki OGAWA, Hiromitsu OTSUKA, Katsuaki ITO
1987 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages
391-394
Published: April 15, 1987
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