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Koko HAMAMOTO, Hiroyasu OGATA
1988 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages
1143-1149
Published: December 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The bioavailability of oxolinic acid (OA) in three different preparations (A; suspension, B and C; commercial powders) with different mean particle sizes of OA (A; 1μm, B; 5μm, C; 20μm) was studied after oral administration to chickens (20 mg/kg). Effect of administration conditions, fasting and non-fasting, was also studied. The dissolution rates of the preparations showed large differences according to differences in mean particle size. Under fasting conditions, significant differences in extents of bioavailability were found among the preparations, although the bioavailabilities of preparations A and B were almost the same. The bioavailabilities of OA from preparations B and C were enhanced after oral administration, and the differences in bioavailability between the preparations became also greater under non-fasting conditions. From the results, it is suggested that the bioavailability of OA of which mean particle size is more than 5μm depends on the dissolution rate, but not of which less than 5μm.
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Urasri TANTASWASDI, Wattana WATTANAVIJARN, S. METHIYAPUN, Tetsuo KUMAG ...
1988 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages
1150-1160
Published: December 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The oesophagus, liver, spleen, small intestine, thymus and bursa of Fabricius of 12 ducklings inoculated with a local strain of duck virus enteritis virus were examined by light, immunofluorescent and electron microscopy. Gross and microscopical lesions in those organs examined developed in close association with the appearance and distribution of viral antigens or virions demonstrable by immunofluorescent and electron microscopy. After being assembled in the nucleus, viral nucleocapsids seemingly migrated to the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasmic matrix, they acquired electron-dense material to form tegument and then became enveloped by passing through the membrane investing tubules, vesicles or vacuoles. These cytoplasmic spaces containing mature virions coalesced to form larger inclusions . There were two types of inclusions, light and dark, in the cytoplasm, and they apriarently corresponded to eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions seen in stained preparations or to larger fluorescing granules. The light cytoplasmic inclusions contained numerous virions and tubules, possibly representing overproduced viral envelopes. In the dark cytoplasmic inclusions, virions and tubules which appeared to be in the process of disintegration were embedded in dense material. This type of inclusions was interpreted as representing later stages of inclusion formation and a form of lysosome.
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Fumiaki SATO, Shunsaku SASAKI, Fumitoshi CHINO, Daiji ENDOH
1988 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages
1161-1168
Published: December 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The aim of the present experiment was to investigate the late effects of partial body X-irradiation on mice. A total of 428 ddY/SLC female mice 10 weeks old were assigned to the following four groups: (1) head exposure with 950 rad, (2) trunk exposure with 950 rad, (3) lower body exposure with 950 rad, (4) unirradiated control. Mean after survival times with their standard errors were as follows: 430±13 days for head exposure, 354±8 days for trunk exposure, 435±13 days for lower body exposure, 472±14 days for control. Life shortening was 9 percent by head exposure and 25 percent by trunk exposure. Irradiation to the lower body did not induce statistically significant life shortening. Head exposure with 950 rad induced pituitary tumours. Trunk exposure with 950 rad induced ovarian tumours and reduced malignant lymphomas. The reduction may be attributable to the extensive life shortening after trunk exposure. An increase of lung tumours after trunk exposure was not statistically significant. Lower body exposure with 950 rad did not change the tumour spectrum of the control group.
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Takeshi INOUE, Hiroyuki IWATA, Kendo MATSUMURA, Naoaki GOTO
1988 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages
1169-1176
Published: December 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Acid α-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity was investigated to be one of porcine T lymphocyte markers by modified fixation procedures in normal porcine lymphocytes prepared from spleen, blood, mesenteric lymph nodes, thymus and Peyer's patch. Smears were fixed for 2 to 3 seconds with buffered formalin acetate (pH 6.6). The majority of ANAE positive cells had the red-brown spot. The cells diffusely stained with densely red color were found to be monocytes. Other stained cells had stained granules. There were no differences between the ratios of ANAE positive cells with stained spots or granules and those of E-rosette positive cells in lymphocyte preparations from spleen, blood, mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patch. However, the ANAE positive cells in thymus were stained faintly and the ratio of ANAE positive cells was by far lower than that of E-rosette positive cells. In Con A or PHA-P stimulated lymphocytes, ANAE staining density was more faint than that of non-stimulated cells and the percentages of ANAE positive cells were lower than those of E-rosette positive cells. These results indicated that ANAE activity could be one of T cell markers for porcine mature lymphocytes (spot or granular pattern) of spleen, blood, mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's Patch and one of markers for porcine monocytes (diffuse pattern).
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Yoshihide SASAKI, Hitoshi KITAGAWA, Katsuya ISHIHARA, Kiyomi ISHIZAKO
1988 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages
1177-1183
Published: December 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Milbemycin D (Milbe) concentrations in plasma and tissues of the central nervous system and some other organs were determined 3 hr after oral administration in rough-coated collies (Collies), Shetland sheep dogs (Shelties) and Japanese mongrel dogs (Mongrels), and the relationships among the plasma and tissue Milbe concentrations and neurologic signs were investigated. No mongrels administered 5.0 mg/kg body weight of Milbe showed neurologic signs, but 3 of 4 Collies and 2 of 4 Shelties thus administered and 2 of 4 mongrel dogs administered 12.5 mg/kg of Milbe developed signs such as salivation, staggering and tremor. The Milbe concentrations in dogs with neurologic signs were significantly higher than in dogs without the signs in the plasma, cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata. However, there were no significant differences in tissue/plasma ratio of Milbe concentration between the dogs with and without neurologic signs except cerebrum/plasma ratio between the mongrel 12.5 mg/kg and Collie-Shelty groups. The plasma concentrations of Milbe were significantly correlated with the concentrations in the cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, liver and kidney. It was considered that Milbe could penetrate the brain through the blood-brain barrier depending on the plasma concentration, and might cause the neurologic signs.
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Hitoshi KITAGAWA, Yoshihide SASAKI, Katsuya ISHIHARA, Kiyomi ISHIZAKO
1988 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages
1184-1191
Published: December 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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In order to investigate the breed ideosyncracy in dogs for milbemycin D (Milbe), the drug was administered orally (1.5 or 12.5 mg/kg body weight) or intravenously (0.5 mg/kg body weight) to rough-coated collies (Collies), Shetland sheep dogs (Shelties) and Japanese mongrel dogs (mongrels), and plasma Milbe concentrations were determined. After oral administration of Milbe at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg body weight, no dogs showed any signs. Plasma levels of Milbe were higher in some Collies and Shelties than in mongrels. At a dose of 5.0 mg/kg, all 11 mongrels failed to show any sign, but all 3 Collies and 5 of 9 Shelties showed neurologic signs such as staggering, mydriasis, semicoma, lethargy and tremor. Plasma concentrations of Milbe were above 400 ng/ml in cases with the signs. Three mongrels administered 12.5 mg/kg body weight of Milbe also displayed the same neurologic signs, and had high plasma levels of Milbe. On intravenous administration at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, there were no significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between the mongrel and Collie-Shelty group. The neurologic signs developed following high plasma Milbe concentrations in every dog. It was considered that the high plasma level in Collies and Shelties might be associated with the differences in the bioavailability of Milbe.
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Susumu TATEYAMA, Akihiro KAWANO, Ryoji YAMAGUCHI, Dai NOSAKA, Fusao KO ...
1988 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages
1192-1199
Published: December 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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In order to provide a procedure for studying the mechanism of milk production or carcinogenesis of mammary cells, we attempted to culture mammary epithelial cells from goat milk, and estimated the optimal conditions for the culture system. Cell proliferation was accomplished satisfactorily by using Eagle's minimum essential medium supplemented with 30% fetal calf serum (FCS). However, favorable proliferation was not observed when less than 20% FCS was present. In the course of culture, the cells adhered to plastic dishes within 1 or 2 days after seeding and formed small colonies within 5 days. Such colonies continued to increase in size and made contact with neighboring colonies to form sheets within 10 to 20 days. The sheet-forming cells showed various types of cell morphology, including spindle-like, polygonal and stellate forms. At the 5th or 6th passage, the main proportion of the cell population was comprised of elongated cells and pleomorphic cells. Most of the cells were positive for antikeratin and antiactin antiserum. Electron microscopy of vertical sections of the cell sheet revealed that the cells had flat nuclei and extremely extended cytoplasm. They exhibited an apparent epithelial nature in that they were interconnected by interdigitations and possessed microvilli and desmosomes. Morphological features of differentiation of these cultured cells, such as production of casein granules or lipid droplets, were not observed in the present culture system.
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Shigeru IWAMATSU, Takuo SAWADA
1988 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages
1200-1206
Published: December 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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A total of 116 Pasteurella multocida isolates from pneumonic lesions of porcine lungs with consolidation, abscess and pleuritis between 1983 and 1986 in Nagasaki Prefecture of Japan were determined for their serotypes and dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) productivity. Of them, 95 isolates (81.9%) belonged to capsular serotype A, and the remaining 21 ones (18.1%) to serotype D. A correlation was found between capsular serotype and lung lesion, such as serotype D strains were isolated only from abscesses, not from consolidation and pleuritis. In somatic serotype, most isolates (94.0%) had type 3 antigen. Twenty-one isolates (18.1%) were DNT positive and all of them were isolated from abscesses. Serotypes of the DNT positive isolates were D:3 (61.9%), A:3·4(14.3%), D:11 (9.5%), D:3·7 (4.8%), D:3·4·7·12 (4.8%) and D:7·12 (4.8%).
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Masami MOCHIZUKI, Takao AKABOSHI
1988 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages
1207-1214
Published: December 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Structural polypeptides of feline parvovirus (FPV) subspecies viruses, that is, feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV), mink enteritis virus (MEV) and canine parvovirus (CPV), were comparatively investigated. Viruses propagated in the Crandell feline kidney (CRFK) cell culture were purified by equilibrium density gradient centrifugation in CsCl and were examined by electron-microscopy and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Virus infected CRFK cells were also analyzed by SDS-PAGE to determine virus-specific polypeptides. The purified virion of each subspecies contained three size classes of polypeptide which were almost identical for all three viruses: VP 1 (84, 000), VP 2 (64, 000) and VP 3 (63, 000). The characteristics of FPV polypeptides revealed in the present study were very similar to those of other members in genus Parvovirus and the results indicate that FPLV, MEV and CPV can not be distinguished by the SDS-PAGE analysis of purified virions.
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Cleo CHEN-PAN
1988 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages
1215-1221
Published: December 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Microcirculation of the large intestine of the chinchilla was examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy of cast samples, in comparison with that of the guinea pig and rat. In the chinchilla, there were detected precapillary arterioles, fenestrated capillaries and venules in the mucosa of the large intestine. The densities of the fenestrae varied among different intestinal segments. In the caecum and the large colon, the density of capillary fenestrae in the subepithelial area of the luminal epithelium was higher than that in the small colon. Three types of microvasculature were identified based on the capillary distributional pattern in the subepithelial area of the luminal epithelium and in the area surrounding the crypts. In the guinea pig and rat, the caecum and the ascending colon had a similar microvasculature in that each capillary mesh connected with several vessels. The capillary density in the large intestine was the highest in the chinchilla among the three species examined.
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Hideo KAMOMAE, Yoshihiro KANEDA, Ikuo DOMEKI, Shohkichi IWAMURA, Toru ...
1988 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages
1222-1231
Published: December 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Twenty Holstein heifers with ovarian quiescence were assigned to 4 treatment groups. Heifers of Groups I (n=6), II (n=6), III (n=5) and IV (n=3) were treated with a single intramuscular injection of 500, 1, 000, 2, 000 and 4, 000 IU of PMSG, respectively. Ovarian changes were inspected by rectal palpation after the treatment. Changes of plasma estradiol-17β(E
2) and progesterone (P) levels in the peripheral blood plasma were examined by radioimmunoassay in 5 of the heifers. E
2 level increased sharply and reached a peak 2 days after the treatment. 0vulation was induced 2-4 days after the treatment in 18 heifers (90%) except in 2 heifers of Group I. Three types of corpus luteum (CL) developed after the induced ovulation: hypoplastic and short-lived, well developed but short-lived, and well developed and normal life-spanned. The CL were accompanied by an obvious elevation of blood P level. Second ovulation occurred spontaneously in 6 heifers (30%) 8-22 days after the induced ovulation. Many follicles grew in some heifers of Group II and most heifers of Groups III and IV, accompanied by high E
2 peak on the 7th day of posttreatment. It was indicated that PMSG stimulated the growth, maturation and active E
2 secretion of follicle and induced the ovulation in ovarian quiescent heifers. It was suspected too that the increased E
2 triggered the ovulatory luteinizing hormone surge so that ovulation occurred subsequently.
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Hiroaki MASUNAGA, Hirohiko ARISAWA, Sumio KATAYAMA
1988 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages
1232-1238
Published: December 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The effects of human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) on thrombosis were investigated in rabbits. A venous thrombosis model was used for comparison of effects between 70000 IU/Kg of t-PA and 70000 IU/Kg of urokinase (UK). A thrombus was formed around a silk thread in jugular vein and then t-PA purified from the culture fluid of human fibroblast cell line (IMR-90) was infused locally and systemically. The local infusion of t-PA showed a greater thrombolysis than that of UK. Thrombolytic rates of t-PA and UK infusion group were 72.2% and 43.5%, respectively. UK caused the elevation of FDP and the decrease of fibrinogen, plasminogen and α2-antiplasmin in the plasma. On the contrary, these hemostatic parameters of the animal infused with t-PA scarcely changed. These results indicate that t-PA can induce specific thrombolysis without disseminated activation of the fibrinolytic system as compared with UK. The disappearance of t-PA activity in euglobulin fraction was very rapid after the completion of infusion. T-PA has a broader safety margin and greater potential as a thrombolytic agent than UK.
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Eiichi KAWAKAMI, Toshihiko TSUTSUI, Yoichi YAMADA, Akira OGASA, Makoto ...
1988 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages
1239-1244
Published: December 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Cryptorchidectomy was performed in 6 adult dogs with unilateral cryptorchidism. In these dogs, semen samples were collected weekly from 2 weeks before cryptorchidectomy till 24 weeks after the operation. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from all the dogs at intervals of 4 weeks, and spermatic venous blood samples and testicular tissue specimens were obtained at the time of the removal of cryptorchid and scrotal testes. In the scrotal testes the testosterone level of spermatic venous plasma was lower, and the number of germ cells in the seminiferous tubules was smaller than those in the testis of the normal dogs at the time of cryptorchidectomy. However, semen volume and number of sperms increased gradually, and sperm abnormality decreased after the operation. Semen quality became close to that of the normal dog 20 weeks after the operation or later. Furthermore the plasma testosterone levels and the number of germ cells increased to the same as those in the normal dog at 24 weeks after the operation. Therefore, it was concluded that in the dogs with unilateral cryptorchidism the cryptorchid testis disturbed the testicular function of the scrotal testis.
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Hiroshi SENTSUI, Yuji KONO, Shigeyoshi ITOHARA, Seishi ISHINO
1988 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages
1245-1251
Published: December 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Small laboratory animals were experimentally inoculated with bovine leukemia virus (BLV). Antibodies against BLV were detected in rabbits and guinea pigs. In the rabbits inoculated with leukocytes from a BLV-infected cow, the antibody titers against BLV glycoprotein (gp) increased within 2 months after inoculation and persisted for more than 7 months in the range between 2 and 128. Infective BLV was not detected in peripheral blood leukocytes from these animals by the syncytium induction assay. However, sheep and rabbits inoculated with leukocytes or blood from BLV-antibody positive rabbits, developed gp antibodies against BLV. These results show that rabbits are susceptible to BLV but not as sensitive as cattle and sheep. However, the rabbit would be applicable as an experimental animal for the study of enzootic bovine leukosis.
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Akihiro KAWANO, Susumu TATEYAMA, Ryoji YAMAGUCHI, Dai NOSAKA, Fusao KO ...
1988 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages
1252-1258
Published: December 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Mammary epithelial cells derived from goat milk were cultured without contamination of fibroblasts using the collagen gel. Cells grown on the fixed collagen gel showed similar morphology to those grown in plate cultures, with elongation and pleomorphism and producing a monolayer. After detaching the gels from the dishes cells became rounded. No cellular growth was seen when embedded in the collagen gel. Cells grown on both fixed and floating gel cultures were positive for antikeratin and antiactin immune serum. By electron microscopy bells grown on the fixed gel culture had poor organelles, whereas those on floating gel cultures had moderately developed Golgi apparatuses and laminar structures. No secretory granules were seen in any type of cultures with collagen gel. The floating collagen gel culture might be useful for in vitro studies on differentiation of mammary epithelial cells.
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Futoshi YAZAMA, Takao NISHIDA, Masamichi KUROHMARU, Yoshihiro HAYASHI
1988 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages
1259-1261
Published: December 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Shigeru IWAMATSU, Hayao NISHINAKAGAWA, Junichi OTSUKA
1988 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages
1262-1263
Published: December 15, 1988
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Shoko SUZUKI, Toshio TAKAHASHI, Masatake MURAMATSU, Kohji OHISHI, Mako ...
1988 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages
1264-1267
Published: December 15, 1988
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Masashi EGUCHI, Chikara KUNIYASU, Kenichi OHMAE, Mamoru KASHIWAZAKI
1988 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages
1268-1270
Published: December 15, 1988
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Kazuo YASUDA, Kenichiro ONO, Atsuhiko HASEGAWA, Isamu TOMODA
1988 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages
1271-1273
Published: December 15, 1988
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Eiichi KAWAKAMI, Toshihiko TSUTSUI, Akira OGASA
1988 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages
1274-1276
Published: December 15, 1988
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Tetsufumi KOGA, Etsuro ONO, Ryo YANAGAWA
1988 Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages
1277-1278
Published: December 15, 1988
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