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Hiroshi ISHII, Yukari NAKASONE, Susumu SHIGEHARA, Kunitoshi HONMA, Yas ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
1-9
Published: February 15, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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We isolated 56 Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumoniae strains from the pneumonic porcine lung tissue and tested them for antimicrobial susceptibility. Two drug-resistant strains were obtained. One, named KH-265, was resistant to streptomycin (SM) and sulfonamide (SA), and the other, named KH-195, was resistant to tetracycline (TC). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of drugs for resistant strains were 100μg/ml for SM, 3200μg/ml for SA, and 12.5μg/ml for TC. KH-265 possessed a 8.3Kb nonconjugative plasmid, pMS260, encoding SM and SA resistance, which was transformable to E. coli strains. pMS260 belonged to none of 14 incompatibility groups including Inc. P and Inc. Q, so far tested. It was mobilizable to various causative strains for respiratory infections, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, by RP
4 (Inc. P) plasmid.
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Satoshi ABE, Takehiko SAITO, Tetsufumi KOGA, Etsuro ONO, Ryo YANAGAWA, ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
11-18
Published: February 15, 1990
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A plasmid gene library of Corynebacterium renale piliated strain No. 109P
+ was prepared in Escherichia coli in order to study the chemical structure of the pili of C. renale. Of 3, 000 recombinant clones tested, 5 reacted with anti-pili anti-serum. The gene products of these clones reacted with anti-pili monoclonal antibodies 8/4, 5/2 and B20/3 but lacked the reactivity with 13/4. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the expressed protein had a molecular mass of 48 kilodalton and deletion analysis showed that the encoding region for this protein was localized within a 1.4 kilobase gene including a promoter sequence. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that mouse antibodies raised to the expressed protein bound to the entire surface of the pili of C. renale. These results indicate that the cloned gene encodes a major structural protein of C. renale pili.
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Kazuyuki TANIGUCHI, Yasufumi SHUTOH, Shin-ichi MIKAMI
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
19-27
Published: February 15, 1990
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The development of endocrine cells in the thyroid and parathyroid glands in the golden hamster was studied immunohistochemically in relation to the formation of these glands. The thyroid was formed on day 9 of gestation by the ventral outpocketing of the foregut between the first and second branchial pouches. The thyroid epithelial cells were faintly thyroglobulin-immunoreactive on day 10.5 of gestation. This immunoreaction became intense thereafter, but was almost confined to the cytoplasm of epithelial cells until birth. It appeared in the follicular lumen in newborn animals. The ultimobranchial body was derived from the fifth pouch and fused with the thyroid on day 12 of gestation. Calcitonin-immunoreactive cells first appeared on day 14 of gestation in the dorsomedial part of the thyroid derived from the ultimobranchial body and increased in number and intensity thereafter. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells also appeared in the dorsomedial part of the thyroid derived from the ultimobranchial body on day 13 of gestation, and increased in number in newborn animals, but decreased thereafter. The parathyroid was derived from the third pouch, situated on day 13 of gestation on the dorsolateral side of the thyroid, and surrounded by a common capsule with the thyroid. Parathormone-immunoreactive cells first appeared on day 15 of gestation in the parathyroid and increased in number and intensity after birth.
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Shigeru SATO, Keiji OGIMOTO, Yutaka NAKAI
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
29-34
Published: February 15, 1990
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The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect bovine serum antibodies directed to the outer membrane antigen of a ruminal bacteria, Bacteroides succinogenes. The outer membrane antigen of B. succinogenes was highly reactive against homologous antiserum, compared with rabbit sera raised against B. ruminicola subsp. ruminicola, B. ruminicola subsp. brevis and Selenomonas ruminantium. The titers of sera from colostrum-deprived calves were negligible level, while those of sera from colostrum-fed calves were relatively high. The mean titer of sera from 10 day-old calves was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of 40 day-old calves, and was significantly (p<0.01) lower than that of adult cattle. The mean titer of sera from dairy cows which fed high-roughage diet was higher than that of feedlot cattle which fed high-concentrate diet. These results suggest that the antibodies against the outer membrane antigen of B. succinogenes transfer to calves via the colostrum, and that the titers of cows are affected by the way of feed management.
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Yoshimitsu MAEDE, Yoshihiro YAMANAKA, Akira SASAKI, Masatsugu SUZUKI, ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
35-41
Published: February 15, 1990
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Blood samples were taken from 78 wild and 21 farmed sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) using ketamine-xylazine sedation during their excited (82 deer) and resting (17 deer) states. Red cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were significantly higher and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was lower in excited deer than in resting deer. There was no significant difference in total leukocyte count (WBC) between excited and resting wild males, while a marked increase of WBC with neutrophilia was observed in excited wild females. RBC and PCV were significantly higher and MCH was lower in excited males than in excited females. In wild deer, WBC was significantly higher in females than in males, but there was no significant difference in WBC between farmed males and females. Sex differences in the hematological parameters were not observed in fawns (10 months).
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Tsugihiko KAMIO, Yasuhiro ITO, Kozo FUJISAKI, Tetsuro MINAMI
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
43-48
Published: February 15, 1990
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For a period of one year Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks were collected in a pasture from vegetation by dragging flannel cloth and from soil samples at monthly intervals. Nymphal ticks were assessed for Theileria infection. Salivary glands were stained with methylgreen-pyronin and examined for parasite masses. Nymphal H. longicornis infected with Theileria sergenti were found in all samples during 12 months including the winter. After shortening the prefed period on rabbits to 24 hours, the parasite masses could be detected in the salivary glands of nymphs collected in the grazing season, from May to October, while no parasite masses were detected in other season. It was suggested that the environmental factors in the grazing season might influence on the maturation of parasites in the salivary glands of ticks.
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Eiichi HONDA, Arata KIMATA, Itaru HATTORI, Tetsuo KUMAGAI, Tomoyuki TS ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
49-54
Published: February 15, 1990
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The reference strains of four serotypes (J6, J8, J9 and J10) of porcine enterovirus isolated in Japan were compared with the international reference strains of 11 serotypes (W1 to W11) by cross neutralization tests. No cross reactions were observed between the two groups, although there were minor one-way crosses between W10 and J10, W11 and J9, and W4 and J9. This leads to our conclusion that all 4 Japanese serotypes can be newly added to 11 international serotypes. J9 virus produced type 1 of CPE (CPE I), J6 and J8 did CPE II, and J10 did CPE III. J10 grew in Vero, HeLa cells, and the primate cells, but J6, J8 and J9 did not.
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Masayuki KEMI, Toshimi USUI, Isao NARAMA, Reiji TAKAHASHI
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
55-61
Published: February 15, 1990
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Spontaneous focal panarteritis was noted in small and medium-sized arteries including extramural and intramural coronary arteries, and arteries in bone marrow, leptomeninges of spinal cord, meninges of medulla oblongata and tunica albuginea of epididymis of 17 out of 925 beagle dogs used for various toxicity studies. The arterial lesion consisted of varying inflammatory processes in all of the arterial wall and was characterized by intimal fibrinoid necrosis in acute cases and intimal fibrous thickening in chronic cases with varying population of inflammatory infiltrates in the arterial wall. The infiltrates included plasma cells, lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils. Periarterial inflammatory cells of the affected arteries showed positive reactions to IgG or IgM. Morphological similarities between spontaneous and drug-induced arterial lesions might confuse the evaluation for vascular toxicity of various chemicals. Therefore, detailed description of the morphology and distribution of spontaneous artetial lesions in the beagle dogs seems to be important for the pathological basis on safety assessment.
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Shigeru SATO, Keiji OGIMOTO, Yutaka NAKAI
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
63-70
Published: February 15, 1990
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Immunoglobulin (Ig)-containing cells were investigated immunohistochemically in the stomach, intestine and associated lymph nodes of clinically normal calves, cows and fetuses to examine mucosal immune responses in the forestomach to rumen microbial flora. IgG-containing cells were observed in the mucosal propria of the forestomach of a 32 day-old, a 37 day-old, two 90 day-old calves, and of all 5 cased of cows. However, no IgA- and IgM-containing cells were observed. Further, no Ig-containing cells were detected in the associated lymph nodes of all calves and cows. Various numbers of Ig-containing cells, predominantly IgG, were observed in the mucosal propria of the abomasum, small intestine and cecum, and in the mesenteric lymph nodes of aged calves and all cows. No Ig-containing cells were observed in any tissues of fetuses. The results suggest that the development of mucosal immune responses in the forestomach may be incomplete as compared with that of the intestine.
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Kenji ODA, Yumi NISHIDA
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
71-77
Published: February 15, 1990
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A field survey was carried out on prevalence of bovine coccidia in 9 prefectures of Japan in the autumn of 1985. A total of 1, 015 fecal samples was obtained from dairy and beef cattle more than 2 weeks old. Coccidial oocysts were found in 59.0% of all the samples examined. There were no significant differences in the prevalence between dairy and beef cattle of the same age group. The prevalence was the highest in the animals between 6 and 11 months old and decreased to 25% in those more than 24 months old. In the majority of the samples positive for oocysts, OPG (the number of oocysts per gram of feces) was less than 200. No clinical coccidiosis was found except in a few cases. Eleven Eimeria and one Isospora species were identified. Of these species, E. bovis and E. ellipsoidalis were the most prevalent, followed by E. aubrunensis, E. brasiliensis, and E. cylindrica in all the prefectures. The other species identified were E. canadensis, E. alabamensis, E. zuernii, E. wyomingensis, E. bukidnonensis, E. subspherica, and Isospora sp. in the order of frequency. Isospora sp. will be a pseudoparasite caused by the contamination with feces of passerine birds.
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Tadashi NAKAMURA, Yoshito WAKAO, Makoto MUTO, Mitsugi TAKAHASHI
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
79-84
Published: February 15, 1990
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An arterial oxygen tension (PO
2) sensor was used to measure the myocardial PO
2 at three sites in the left ventricle supplied by the paraconal interventricular branch of the left coronary artery, cranial descending coronary artery (CDCA): a subendocardial site, a subepicardial site and an intermediate point in the left ventricular wall. At first, the PO
2 sensor had been compared with the values from a blood gas analyzer. The regression equation Y=1.4×-4.9 with a correlation coefficient of 0.993 indicated a high correlation between these two measurements. The PO
2 of the arterial blood in the left ventricular cavity was assigned an index value of 100%. The PO
2 was about 70% in the subendocardial myocardium, about 15% in the mid-ventricular wall myocardium and 9% in the subepicardial myocardium, demonstrating a decreasing PO
2 gradient from the endocardial to the epicardial surface. A transient occlusion of the CDCA confirmed the pathway of myocardial oxygen supply. In the mid-ventricular and subepicardial myocardium, marked hypoxia occurred after occlusion of the CDCA. Release of the occlusion resulted in a rapid return to the normal PO
2 level. The oxygen supply to these sites is strongly influenced by coronary artery blood flow. The PO
2 in the subendocardial myocardium was not dependent on the cranial descending coronary artery. Oxygen appears to be probably supplied through arterial blood in the left ventricle via the endocardium.
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Eiichi HONDA, Itaru HATTORI, Yoshinori OOHARA, Takahide TANIGUCHI, Ken ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
85-90
Published: February 15, 1990
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Porcine enteroviruses (PEV) were isolated from feces of healthy and diarrheal domestic Japanese pigs, and examined for their serotypes. Each virus of the isolates corresponded not only to the Japanese version of the reference serotype, but also to its corresponding world version of the reference serotype. Twenty-two samples (75.9%) of 29 isolates from the feces of healthy pigs exhibited a characteristic of CPE I. On the other hand, 69.2% (27/39) of all diarrheal pigs showed a characteristic of CPE II. This would suggest the PEV with CPE II has a closer association with the enteric pathogenicity than that with CPE I.
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Hideki TABARU, Ken IKEDA, Eiji KADOTA, Yoshifumi MURAKAMI, Hiroshi YAM ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
91-96
Published: February 15, 1990
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Effect of the osmolality on the absorption of water, electrolyte and VFAs from the isolated ruminoreticulum under normal feeding condition were investigated in a series of the studies to evaluate the rumen as a potential site of absorption in oral fluid therapy of adult cattle. Thirty of 40 l of the test solutions with varying osmotic pressure (100, 200, 300 and 500 mosmol/L, pH 6.8) were prepared using different concentrations of electrolytes and VFAs. These were infused into the isolated and emptied ruminoreticulum, and the absorption rate of water and each components were studied for 3 hrs. Marked absorption of water was observed with solutions more hypotonic than rumen fluid, the extent of which was more extensive with less osmotic pressure; the absorption rate as high as 47.6% was obtained with a solution 100 mosmol in osmotic pressure. When hypertonic solution (500 mosmol/L)was infused, however, water was transported on the contrary from the blood to the rumen. Absorption rates of electrolytes such as Na, K and Cl were increased according to the elevation of osmolalities and their concentrations in the test solutions. VFAs were also absorbed in large quantities (23.9-74.5%) in any test solutions, though the absorption rates were significantly decreased with the elevation of osmolalities. These results may indicate that the ruminal wall has a high absorptive function for water, electrolytes and VFAs when the osmolalities and the concentration of solutes in the ruminal fluid are maintained within a certain range. Furthermore, it is thought that they may work as a rational support for a possible oral fluid therapy even in adult cows.
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Takashi KONDO, Masakazu HATTORI, Hiroshi KODAMA, Misao ONUMA, Takeshi ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
97-103
Published: February 15, 1990
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A panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with specificity for chicken lymphocyte surface antigens was established and characterized based on their reactivities against chicken lymphoid cells and tumor cell lines on flow cytometry. Three mAbs (7-3G-2, 7-2E-8, and JB-2) reacted preferentially with thymocytes, however, none of them reacted with Marek's disease derived T lymphoblastoid cell lines. Four mAbs (6-27A-1, 4-5C-5, Lc-4, and Lc-6) reacted with spleen cells and peripheral blood leukocytes as well as thymocytes. All seven mAbs reacted with chicken embryonic thymocytes from day 12 of embryonic life onward. All mAbs showed no reactivity against bursal lymphocytes
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Hiroshi YOKOTA, Akira YUASA
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
105-111
Published: February 15, 1990
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UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity toward xenobiotics in rat liver microsomes was increased about 2.6-fold by administration of a eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol). Km value of the induced enzyme toward UDP-glucuronic acid, however, did not change. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that the amount of UDP-glucuronyltransferase protein was increased in the microsomes of eugenol-treated rat liver. In vitro translation assay showed that the level of translatable mRNA encoding this enzyme increased in the liver. These results indicate that mRNA specific for production of UDP-glucuronyltransferase has accumulated, presumably by de novo synthesis in response to a plant phenol, engenol.
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Ryo TSUCHIYA, Moritoshi SATO
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
113-119
Published: February 15, 1990
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The disease process of urinary retention resulting in uremia reported in cattle was studied clinically, clinico-pathologically and pathologically in 4 male goats with artificial urethrobstruction (UO). The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine values increased at constant rates (mean rates: 29.1mg/dl/day and 1.6mg/dl/day, respectively) from the initial stage. These increased levels were thought to be the most useful indicator for the diagnosis of the uremic stage. The serum sodium and chloride values decreased gradually after UO. The glucose and potassium values increased remarkably later than in the intermediate stage. Rupture of the bladder caused severe dehydration. The animals died between 8 to 13 days post-urinary retention. Unusual respiration and heart beat, and severe nervous signs were seen at moribundity. Gross lesions of the urinary organs were characterized by the pressure of retained urine and hemorrhage and edema in the subcutaneous tissues, skeletal muscles and some other organs. To study the effect of urethrotomy, 3 male goats were relieved from UO 3 or 4 days after UO operation. The animals became capable of reurination and recovered from the uremic condition within 4 days.
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Takeo SAKAI, Kaoru TAKAHASHI, Shuzi HISASUE, Masao HORIMOTO, Takayasu ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
121-127
Published: February 15, 1990
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From 1982 to 1987 a total of 4, 371 dairy cattle in Saitama prefecture, were examined for levels of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and the correlation with meteorological factors and an antibody positive rate was studied. Positivity rates of HI antibody from July to October each year (Yi) ranged from 58.8 to 88.0% with a considerable annual variation. Simple regression analysis of Yi with the comparative meteorological value (Xi) was determined from mean temperatures (Ti, j-1), rainfalls (Ri, j-1) for 10-day-periods each, and the number of days showing 25°C or above (ti, j-1) from June to September, which yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.8147 (p<0.05) and an equation for estimated HI antibody positivity rate: Y^^^i=-0.04Xi+79.9 (p<0.05). Multiple regression analysis with the power values of three meteorological parameters as independent variables and Yi as the dependent variable, showed a multiple correlation coefficient of 0.987 (p<0.05) and a multiple regression equation: Y^^^i=-3991T
1/13-0.0035R
-12+1978t
1/9+4187 (p<0.05), giving estimated positivity rates almost equal to the values from the observations. Therefore, a predictive equation was formulated reflecting positive and negative correlations of sero-positivity with the temperature and the precipitation, respectively.
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Kan-ichi OHSHIMA, Shigeru SATAKE, Masaaki ONO, Tadaharu AJITO, Kosuke ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
129-136
Published: February 15, 1990
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A pathological study was performed on osteoarthrosis detected at autopsy in 20 horses whose ages ranged from 21 days to 17 years old. They were asymptomatic on the joints except in 3 animals, and autopsied after death or sacrificed due to accidental fracture or other diseases. Lesions of osteoarthrosis were recognized in all horses, which tended to increase in incidence and severity according to age. Lesions were concentrated at hinged joints such as the elbow, fetlock, and hock. Synovial fossae and ulcerative lesions were observed on each opposite articular cartilage, forming the so-called mirror image. Linear erosions regarded as a secondary one were frequently observed on the cartilages. Histologically, the lesions were classified into 4 phases, 1) edematous degeneration, 2) crevice formation, focal necrosis, erosion of cartilage, 3) ulcerative changes, 4) regenerative changes of cartilage in foals and proliferation of fibrous or adipose tissue on the denuded subchondral bone in aged horses. By toluidine blue stain, decreased acid mucopolysaccharide was suggested in cartilaginous matrix around the lesions. From the results, it was concluded that the disease was a disorder of articular cartilage accompanied with hypoplasia of articular subchondral bone.
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Susumu TATEYAMA, Akemi TAKESHITA, Dai NOSAKA, Ryoji YAMAGUCHI, Noriaki ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
137-143
Published: February 15, 1990
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To study the growth and morphology of feline mammary epithelial cells in vitro, normal feline mammary tissues as well as cells collected from feline milk were cultured and examined using phase-contrast microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The method employed was a modification of Hiratsuka et al. [8], and was found to be useful for the culture of dissociated feline mammary tissue. Small polygonal cells and large spindle-shaped cells that were positively stained with anti-keratin and anti-actin antibodies formed colonies with a pavement-like structure in culture of mid-pregnant mammary gland. Cultures of involuting mammary gland were composed mainly of small spindle-shaped cells, which were negative for keratin immunostaining and thought to be fibroblasts. Myofibroblasts, which participate in feline mammary carcinogenesis, and show keratin negative, actin positive, were not encountered in the present culture system of normal mammary gland. The cells from milk formed small colonies, but did not grow to reach confluent monolayer.
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Akihiro KOJIMA, Fujio FUJINAMI, Masakazu TAKESHITA, Yoshio MINATO, Tak ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
145-154
Published: February 15, 1990
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Nine out of 19 newborn pups from 4 litters died or euthanatized on day 10 to 17 after birth in a specific-pathogen-free beagle colony which had been established by cesarean section and bottle-feeding. Necropsy showed congestion and edema of the lungs, congestion of the liver and splenomegaly, as well as many subcapsular petechiae and wedge-shaped areas of ecchymosis on the cut surface of the kidneys. A cytopathic agent isolated from the lungs, kidneys and liver was identified as a canine herpesvirus. The bitches in the animal house were seroconverted into positive for the isolate after the outbreak of the disease. Histopathological lesions in six cases were characterized by multiple necrosis and hemorrhage in various organs. In addition, fibrinoid necrosis was seen in the arterial walls in wedge-shaped necrotic areas of the kidneys. The outbreak appeared to be temporary, since the same disease has not occurred in the colony up to the present time.
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Motoyoshi SATO, Ikuo IGARASHI, Atushi SAITO, Tsuneo HIROSE, Naoyoshi S ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
155-158
Published: February 15, 1990
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Katsuya ISHIHARA, Yoshihide SASAKI, Hitoshi KITAGAWA, Satoshi KITAO, N ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
159-161
Published: February 15, 1990
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Shigeru SATO, Keiji OGIMOTO, Yutaka NAKAI
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
163-164
Published: February 15, 1990
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Naoyuki TAKEMURA, Hidekazu KOYAMA, Toshinori SAKO, Kenji ANDO, Katsush ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
165-166
Published: February 15, 1990
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Takafumi HAMAOKA, Yasuyuki MORI, Nobuyuki TERAKADO
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
167-170
Published: February 15, 1990
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Yosuke MURAKAMI, Nobuyoshi NISHIOKA, Masashi EGUCHI, Chikara KUNIYASU
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
171-174
Published: February 15, 1990
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Toshio IKEDA, Yasuhiro YOSHIKAWA, Kazuya YAMANOUCHI
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
175-178
Published: February 15, 1990
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Eiichi KAWAKAMI, Toshihiko TSUTSUI, Akira OGASA
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
179-181
Published: February 15, 1990
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Hideo MURATA, Hisashi HIROSE
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
183-185
Published: February 15, 1990
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Akihiko UCHIDA, Kikue UCHIDA, Akio KAMEI, Yoshihiko MURATA, Yuzaburo O ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 1 Pages
187-189
Published: February 15, 1990
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