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Yasuyuki SANADA, Hiroshi NODA, Hajime NAGAHATA
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
455-460
Published: June 15, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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A fluorometric assay was applied to evaluate blastogenesis of equine lymphocytes. Optimal culture conditions were as follows; concentrations of phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were 1μg/ml, 40μg/ml and 10μg/ml, respectively, when 5×10
5 lymphocytes were incubated with culture medium containing 20% pooled horse serum (PHS) for 120 hours. The relative mean stimulation index of healthy non-pregnant mares were 5.107±0.323(M±SE) with PHA, 4.019±0.183 with Con A and 3.610±0.131 with PWM. Sequentially the blastogenic responses of lymphocytes from twenty mares were observed during various stages of the perinatal period. Response decreased gradually before parturition was lowest at the time of parturition (PHA: 1.923±0.174, Con A:1.698±0.206 and PWM:1.706±0.177), and then increased gradually after parturition towards non-pregnant levels.
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Claude HAMELIN, Chantal JACQUES, Robert ASSAF
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
461-467
Published: June 15, 1990
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Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) DNA molecules obtained from a limited number of infected cells were cleaved with a variety of restriction endonucleases. By use of selected DNA fragments in Bgl l, Pst l, Pvu l and Pvu ll restriction patterns, one reference, two vaccine and three wild-type strains of BHV-1 were distinguished from one another. The simplified DNA fingerprinting method described here should be most useful, not only to control the genetic stability of BHV-1 vaccines during production, but also to differentiate the vaccine strains from other isolates in clinical cases.
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Tetsuo NUNOYA, Masanori TAJIMA, Yoshihisa ISHIKAWA, Togo SAMEJIMA, Haj ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
469-477
Published: June 15, 1990
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Outbreaks of a canine distemper-like acute disease brought high mortalities to seal populations in north-west Europe and Lake Baikal from late 1987 to 1988. During these outbreaks three seals which were introduced from Lake Baikal to an aquarium in Japan developed a distemper-like disease and other seals raised in the same room were similarly affected. Clinical signs of dead seals were anorexia, diphasic fever, dyspnea, and neuromuscular tics. Characteristic microscopic lesions of acute interstitial pneumonia seen in the lung were accompanied with hyperplasia and syncytial giant cell formation of type II pneumocytes. Eosinophilic intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were present in bronchial epithelial cells, type II pneumocytes, epithelial cells of bile ducts and interlobular ducts of pancreas, transitional epithelium of renal pelvis, and reticular cells of lymph nodes. Ultrastructure of inclusion bodies was similar to that seen in cells infected with morbilliviruses. Serum samples from recovered seals had virus-neutralization antibodies against canine distemper virus. The present cases were the first report of morbillivirus infection of aquarium seals in Japan.
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Ei-Ichi KOKUE, Minoru SHIMODA, Nobue TANAKA, Toyoaki HAYAMA
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
479-485
Published: June 15, 1990
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The surgical implantation of chronic ureter cannula to determine the renal clearance was evaluated using 24 pigs. The silicon tubing was surgically implanted into both ureters of each pigs. Two types of thick tubing (the inside diameter 1.0 or 2.5mm and the outside diameter 4.0mm) were used for these cannulas. The tubing was exposed out of the pig's body on the flank, on the hypogastric zone near the umbilicus, or near the groin. The following steps were effective to minimize the opportunity of a bacterial infection in the kidney and to maintain the functional integrity of the chronic ureter cannula for as longer period as possible: 1) to use the tubing of larger opening as the ureter cannula, 2) to expose the tubing from the hypogastric zone near the groin, and 3) to apply the disinfectant frequently to the incision sites, cannula outlets and pig's metabolic cage. The oral ingestion of the GGES solution increased the urinary volume, which might in turn have resulted in the effective rinsing of the kidney and the chronic ureter cannula. The cannula served satisfactorily for more than 3 weeks in 13 of the pigs, up to a maximum of 7 weeks. The PSP clearances values were low during the first week of the postoperative period, which may be attributed to surgical stress. The chronic ureter cannula, associated with the postoperative period of more than 1 week, can be recommended for the evaluation of the renal clearance of drugs in the pig.
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Yoshihiko SUZUKI, Iwao KOIZUMI
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
487-493
Published: June 15, 1990
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Serum retinol is considered to increase when the beef cattle is fattened up or in a muscle marbling process. We examined the effects of retinol on the total lipids, triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterols and lipid peroxides using rabbits. The animals were given 15, 000 or 150, 000IU/kg of retinol (retinyl palmitate) intramuscularly once every 4 days for 48 days. When treated with 150, 000IU/kg of retinol, animals showed changes in the serum concentrations of total lipids, triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterols and lipid peroxides. In particular, lipid peroxides remarkably increased. These results indicated that retinol accelerated the oxidation of serum lipids and that the effect of retinol was more prominent in unsaturated fatty acids than in saturated fatty acids. Furthermore, it was suggested that a large amount of administrated retinol may cause qualitative change of lipid composition in muscle.
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Nobuhiro SASAKI, Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI, Satoshi KAWAMOTO, Takashi KUROSAWA ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
495-501
Published: June 15, 1990
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The parthenogenetic Haemaphysalis longicornis larvae engorged on cattle naturally infected with Theileria sergenti were reared at 24°C. The resultant nymphal ticks were incubated at 37°C to clear the effect of incubation on the development and maturation of sporozoites. The sporozoites in the salivary glands of the nymphal ticks exposed to 37°C for 16 days were observed by the methyl green pyronin staining method. The ticks exposed to 37°C were ground up in a mortar and the supernatant of the tick suspension in PBS was inoculated into cattle. The cattle showed parasitemia and specific antibody response 18 days after inoculation. Consequently, the parasites in the tick salivary glands became infective to cattle by incubating infected. H. longicornis nymphs at 37°C.
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Masato UEHARA, Sawa OOMORI, Hiroshi KITAGAWA, Toshihiko UESHIMA
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
503-512
Published: June 15, 1990
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The development of the pecten oculi, a structure peculiar to the avian eye, was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) correlated with light microscopy (LM) in embryonic and adult chickens. The development of the chick pecten was divided into 4 phases: (1) formation of the primordial pecten (Hamburger-Hamilton's stages 27 to 29), (2) formation of the plate-like pecten (stages 30 to 34), (3) pleat formation and pigmentation (stages 35 to 37), and (4) bridge formation and high-vascularization (stage 38 to adult). The primordial pecten is formed entirely from the ectoderm by fusion of the inwardly-projecting edges of the optic fissure. The primordial pecten grows into a tall, thin plate rising from a broad base. The pecten begins to fold slightly at stage 35. The number of pleats increases rapidly, from 7 at stage 35, to 16 at stage 36, 18 at stage 37, and 19 to 20 at stage 40. The bridge begins to form at stage 38 by a swelling of the apical edge of the pecten and completes its development by the twentieth post-hatch day. Blood vessels appear first in the broad base of the plate-like pecten, then become more numerous and gradually extend into the pleats. The pecten becomes more vascular than cellular at stage 43, and it is highly vascularized in the adult. The pleat surface becomes conspicuously irregular with increased vascularization. The peripectinate cells, located on the pecten, are already present at stage 27
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Akiko TANIGUCHI, Takuo ISHIDA, Akihiro KONNO, Tsukimi WASHIZU, Isamu T ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
513-518
Published: June 15, 1990
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To elucidate relationship between disease progress and immunologic alteration in feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection, we classified naturally infected cats into clinical stage groups using the working criteria modified from those for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Among the five distinct staged described for HIV infection, the three phases; asymptomatic carrier (AC), AIDS related complex (ARC), and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), were evaluated for concanavalin A (Con A)-induced lymphocyte blastogenic activities by using glucose consumption assay. There was a significant decrease of lymphocyte response in AC phase. The loss of response became marked as the disease progressed to ARC and AIDS, with an almost complete loss of mitogen response in AIDS phase. In addition to the loss of a lymphocyte function, AIDS in FIV infection was characterized by marked emaciation, anemia or pancytopenia, and postmortem evidences of opportunistic infections and lymphoid depletion.
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Tsutomu HOHDATSU, Nobukazu TAKAHASI, Seiya IDE, Hiroo YAMAGISHI, Hiros ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
519-526
Published: June 15, 1990
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The relation among biological properties, particularly pathogenicity for suckling mice, and plaque size was studied in four virus strains: Getah virus strain Kanagawa; two strains obtained by plaque cloning of the Kanagawa strain, Getah Kanagawa SP (G-K-SP) strain which forms small plaques (SP) only and strain G-K-LP which forms large plaques (LP) only; and strain Haruna which forms SP only. There were no marked differences among the four strains in serological properties, growth curves and sensitivity to pH, trypsin and temperature. Strain G-K-LP showed higher pathogenicity for suckling mice than strain G-K-SP. However, the pathogenicity of strain Haruna, which forms SP only, was as high as that of strain G-K-LP. Some of the clones in SP of strain Kanagawa kill all mice in 5 to 6 days after inoculation while the others required 9 to 11 days or longer before causing death. The present study showed that the pathogenicity of Getah viruses shortly after being isolated from the field, such as the Kanagawa strain, is different between large and small plaques, and even among small plaques, at least in suckling mice, and that the pathogenicity has no relation to plaque size.
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Mahendra PAL, Atsuhiko HASEGAWA, Kenichiro ONO, Chang Woo LEE
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
527-531
Published: June 15, 1990
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A new staining solution named "PHOL" is described for studying the morphology of clinical and environmental isolates of fungi and Prototheca. In total 69 isolates were used for assessing the efficacy of this newly formulated stain. The solution has shown good ability to stain all 62 isolates of fungi and 7 of Prototheca, and thus helped in the identification of the organisms. The new solution has the potential to stain the young as well as old isolates of fungi and Prototheca. It is emphasized that a wider application of this newly introduced inexpensive and safe staining solution will help the mycologists to study the morphological characteristics of yeast, molds, and Prototheca obtained from man, animals and environment.
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Toyotsugu NAKAI, Yasuhiko HORIGUCHI, Katsumi KUME
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
533-542
Published: June 15, 1990
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Four hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae were established by fusion of mouse myeloma and spleen cells obtained from mice immunized with a serotype 2, strain SH-15. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-inhibition tests with antigens obtained from 12 serotype strains of A. pleuropneumoniae and 9 other gram-negative bacteria showed that all the MAbs bound to only serotype 2 strains of A. pleuropneumoniae. The epitopes recognized by the MAbs were located on a carbohydrate moiety of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the organism, which was sensitive to periodate oxidation. In immunoblotting analyses of LPS obtained from A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2, all the four MAbs reacted specifically with the characteristic ladder bands of LPS detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results suggest that O-antigen side chains of the LPS are one of the antigenic determinants responsible for the serotype-specificity of A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Yasushi HARA, Hiroyasu EJIMA, Shigeto AOKI, Masahiro TAGAWA, Shigekats ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
543-549
Published: June 15, 1990
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A high titer of cytotoxic antibody against donor lymphocytes, tentatively designated as anti-F1, was found in one cat who received 3 times of skin allograft from the same donor. The anti-F1 antibody titer was 1:16, and the antibody activity was mostly detected in the IgG fraction. A cross-absorption test using erythrocytes from F1-positive animals revealed that the F1(+) antigen recognized by anti-F1 antibody was expressed on erythrocytes as well as lymphocytes. The frequencies of F1(+) and F1(-) types in 81 healthy cats, involving all the cats used for allo-immunization in the present study, were 30.9 and 69.1%, respectively. Moreover, F1 antigen was considered to be a hereditary antigen from family studies.
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Tomoo ITABISASHI, Rieko HORINO, Kohichi HIRANO, Minoru MAEDA
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
551-558
Published: June 15, 1990
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Nine Suffolk sheep and 4 Holstein cattle were employed to observe electroencephalographic changes in experimental cerebrocortical necrosis. Amprolium (600 mg/kg/day) alone was given intraruminally 6 sheep and 4 cattle, all of which showed neurological signs and abnormal electroencephalograms. Both amprolium and thiamine (200 mg/day) and thiamine (50 mg/day) alone were given 2 and 1 sheep, respectively, as controls, which did not show any abnormal signs. Abnormal electroencephalograms included continuous slow waves and long-lasting spindles, both of which appeared diffusely and were seen subclinically or with neurological signs. The spindles consisted of slow waves or sharp- (or spike-) and-slow-wave complexes with or without convulsive seizures even during the convulsion stage. Conversely, the seizures occurred with the spindles or slow waves.
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Hiroyuki HORIUCHI, Haruo MATSUDA, Masayoshi MURATA
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
559-565
Published: June 15, 1990
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The thrombocyte extracts (TE) and thrombocyte-secretion products (TSP) prepared from chicken peripheral blood were examined for the growth activity of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF). When the cells were incubated with TE and TSP, the enhancement of cell spreading was observed within one hour after seeding, but the control culture showed little spreading. Three to six days after cell seeding, the increase of the cell densities in the culture supplemented with TE and TSP was noticed in comparison with the culture without thrombocyte materials. The results strongly indicate the possibility for the presence of thrombocyte-derived growth factor(s) to CEF.
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Daqing WANG, Yukio FUKUI, Tetsuya ITO, Kazuhiro NAKAJIMA, Shiro KATO, ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
567-572
Published: June 15, 1990
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A heterophilic Hanganutziu-Deicher (HD) antigen is present in many animal sera except human and chicken sera. To visualize the antigenic molecules, nine species animal and human sera were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, followed by Western blotting and immunostaining with avian anti-N-glycolylneuraminyl-lactosyl ceramide antibody which recognizes the terminal N-glycolylneuraminic acid moiety of glycoconjugates as an epitope of the HD antigen. Several HD antigen-active glycoprotein bands were detected in the sera of fetal calf, calf, horse, goat, monkey, rabbit, guinea pig, rat and mouse, except for human serum. The HD antigenic proteins showed heterogeneities in their molecular weights and were not identical with any major band visualized with silver-staining, indicating that they are minor components of serum proteins in each animal. Neuraminidase treatment destroyed the antigenicity of all proteins, confirming that N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) at the non-reducing terminal of carbohydrate chains is the antigenic epitope in serum glycoprotein molecules as already confirmed in glycosphingolipid (GSL) antigens. The finding of HD-antigenic glycoproteins in animal sera suggests that they also stimulate HD antibody production in patients who received animal antiserum for therapeutic aim.
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Yasushi HARA, Takuo ISHIDA, Hiroyasu EJIMA, Masahiro TAGAWA, Shigekats ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
573-579
Published: June 15, 1990
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The blastformation tests using concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen were carried out on peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). The infected cats included those showing multiple chronic disease, those with a single mild sign, and one with no clinical sign. The infected cats showed significantly lower mitogenic responses of peripheral lymphocytes to both mitogens and lower lymphocyte counts as compared to uninfected healthy cats. These immunologic alterations in the infected cats may be closely related to the development of immunodeficiency-like disorders associated with FIV.
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Isao NARAMA, Junji KURODA, Mariko NAGATANI, Kouji MIURA, Toshiyuki KAT ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
581-589
Published: June 15, 1990
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Stomach tissues from 222 beagle dogs, which were used for toxicological studies, were examined histopathologically. Out of 190 dogs fed the same diet, 185 had gastric lesions, whereas all of 32 dogs fed another diet were free from them. The gastric lesions were noted as an accumulation of eosinophils, infiltration of inflammatory cells including lymphocytes, plasma cells and histiocytes in the gastric lamina propria, formation of foregin body type multinucleated giant cells, focal desquamation and papillary proliferation of mucosal epithelium. The lesions were confined to the superficial layer of the antral and pyloric mucosa, and neither desmoplasia nor clinical signs were seen. Multinucleated giant cells often contained amphophilic foreign bodies of varying appearance with inconsistent reaction for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), but no definite causal agents were detected.
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Hitoshi KITAGAWA, Yoshihide SASAKI, Katsuya ISHIHARA, Mamiyo KAWAKAMI
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
591-599
Published: June 15, 1990
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Heartworms harboring in the pulmonary arteries migrated toward the right atrium following insertion of dead heartworms or heartworm-like silicone tubes, or intravenous injection of body fluid extract of a female heartworm. The migration occurred within 3 hr (early group) or 1 to 7 days (late group) after insertion of dead worms, 1 to 11 days after insertion of silicone tubes, and immediately after infusion of heartworm-body fluid. The cardiac output decreased to an unmeasurably low level, and the pulmonary arterial pressure was also reduced in the early group. Although the output decreased, the pulmonary arterial pressure and the total pulmonary resistance increased gradually in the late group. In dogs with heartworm migration, in which silicone tubes had been inserted, the changes in cardiopulmonary values were the same as those in dogs of the late group. In dogs to which the body fluid had been administered intravenously, the changes in cardiopulmonary values were well accord with those in the early group. The systemic blood pressure also fell immediately after the administration with the shock-like state. These results suggest that the death of a part of the heartworms may be closely associated with the migration of heartworms toward the right atrium through the pulmonary arterial embolism and/or shock-like reaction by heartworm body fluid.
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Tetsuro MINAMI, Sinichiro KAWAZU, Kameo SHIMURA, Kozo FUJISAKI, Tsugih ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
601-604
Published: June 15, 1990
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Calves infected with a sporozoite suspension of the Ikeda strain of Theileria sergenti were examined in attempts to detect the schizont stage. A suspension equivalent to the contents of 70-200 ticks was inoculated subcutaneously into 10 splenectomized calves. Schizonts and micromerozoites were found in the prescapular lymph nodes of 5 calves about 8 days after the sporozoite inoculation. Schizonts detected at the time of nuclear division had large and diffuse nuclei, and many of the schizonts were very large and extracellular in lymph node smears. The schizonts were also detected by the direct fluorescent antibody staining.
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Kazuyuki UCHIDA, Yasushi MIYAUCHI, Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA, Naoaki GOTO
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
605-611
Published: June 15, 1990
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Amyloid angiopathy with cerebral hemorrhage and senile plaques was found in the brain of aged dogs. In all 9 cases examined, 13 to 19 years old, 6 males and 3 females, amyloid deposits were observed mostly in the wall of cerebral arterioles and capillaries showed hyaline degeneration. The accumulation of amyloid fibrils measuring about 10 nm in diameter was seen in the cerebral vessel wall by electron microscopy. The cerebral hemorrhage was observed in 6 of 9 dogs and 2 of them showed massive hemorrhage. The hemorrhagic foci were sometimes closely contact with the vessels involved in amyloid angiopathy. In addition, senile plaques being classified into 2 types were found in the cerebral cortex of 3 dogs. The first type was characterized by the accumulation of degenerative neurites and often contained granular argyrophilic material. The second type had a well-defined amyloid core with neuritic halo. Amyloid deposits were also found in or around intestinal vessel walls of 3 dogs. The amyloid deposited in the cerebral vessels, senile plaques and intestinal vessels showed characteristic green birefringence under the polarized light even after potassium permanganate treatment.
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Chieko MORI, Hiroyuki MAEDA, Akira YUASA
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
613-620
Published: June 15, 1990
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Sixty-five of 77 slaughtered pigs with liver degeneration produced dark firm dry (DFD) meat. The biochemical properties of blood, liver and muscle of those pigs were examined. In the blood, the NEFA level was higher, which indicated the mobilization of lipids from adipose tissues. The serum CPK and LDH
5 levels were higher, the enzymes being derived from muscle. In the degenerative liver with yellowish discoloration, the TG level was higher and the glycogen level was lower than in a normal liver. In the DFD muscle with the final pH above 6.0, both the glycogen level immediately after slaughter and the lactic acid level 24 hr after slaughter were lower than in a normal muscle with the final pH below 6.0. Five pigs exhausted experimentally by 53-hr fasting and hard exercise showed the same changes in the blood and liver as the pigs with liver degeneration. Four of the 5 exhausted pigs showed the same changes in the muscle as in DFD meat. From these data, it was confirmed that exhaustion before slaughter led to lipid accumulation in the liver and to a decrease in muscle glycogen, and consequently caused both liver degeneration and DFD meat in the same pig.
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Junsuke SHIRAI, Arinee CHATCHAWANCHONTEERA, Wacharee SINSUWONGWAT, Pic ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
621-630
Published: June 15, 1990
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The quantity of 140S particles in inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccine samples produced in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Production Center (FMD Vaccine Production Center) in Thailand was estimated by the sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and optical density analysis by using the computer applying system. The soft ware; Chromato Data System (CDS) (Nihon Chromato Works Co., Ltd. Japan) which is prepared for the analysis of chromatography, was applied for the estimation of 140S particles in FMDV vaccine. The quantity of 140S particles in each vaccine sample measured by CDS was mostly ranged from 2-4μg/ml and this quantity was consistent with the results of the other reports. This method is considered to be the available method for estimation of 140S particles in FMDV vaccine as routine assay.
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Masayuki TANAKA, Toshiaki OHGITANI, Tatsuji OKABE, Satoshi KAWAMOTO, K ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
631-633
Published: June 15, 1990
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Toshiaki MASEGI, Tadaaki KUDO, Takashi YAMAGUCHI
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
635-637
Published: June 15, 1990
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Masateru KOIWA, Atsushi HATSUGAYA, Takehiko ABE, Shigeru MINAMI
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
639-641
Published: June 15, 1990
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Naomi WADA
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
643-644
Published: June 15, 1990
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Takuo ISHIDA, Isamu TOMODA
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
645-648
Published: June 15, 1990
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Shuichi TSUCHIDA, Atsushi NAGAI, Shigenori IKEMOTO
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
649-651
Published: June 15, 1990
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Shinji TAKAI, Naomi KAZAMA, Shiro TSUBAKI
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
653-655
Published: June 15, 1990
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Hideki NAGANO, Mayumi TSUCHIMOTO, Tsutomu HOHDATSU, Tadashi YAMAGAMI, ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
657-659
Published: June 15, 1990
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Hiroshi ITOH, Nobuyuki OGASAWARA, Kan-ichi OHSHIMA, Kosuke OKADA, Shig ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
661-663
Published: June 15, 1990
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Yoshitaka OMATA, Hiroshi OIKAWA, Masanori KANDA, Kouji MIKAZUKI, Toshi ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
665-666
Published: June 15, 1990
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Toshimichi MORIKOSHI, Kazuhiko KOBAYASHI, Taichi KAMINO, Shohji OWAKI, ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
667-669
Published: June 15, 1990
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Soichi MARUYAMA, Yasuji KATSUBE
1990 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages
671-674
Published: June 15, 1990
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