Large eddy simulation of two-dimensional isotropic turbulent flow is performed using dynamic SGS model under assumption of local interscale equilibrium. The numerical results show that the dynamic SGS model can appropriately evaluate the reverse cascade of energy, which is a major characteristic of two-dimensional turbulence.

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Modern microelectronics has made it possible to work out a lot of many small electronics, such as electronic calculator, radio, notebook computer and so on. As a result, electronics circuits have become small integrated circuits. This means that precise micron level inspecting technique should be exploited to produce the highly reliable electronics products.
In this paper, we apply the thermal infrared dynamic image method to the electronic circuit boards inspection. Our infrared dynamic image method plans to work out the extraction of fault parts from dynamic infrared image by applying modal wavelets transform. As a first step of this project, this paper demonstrates the usefulness of dynamic infrared image method to the nondestructive inspection of electronic printed circuit boards.

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To work out a tough and economical automatic cans classification system, we have previously proposed a magnetic sensor system along with signal visualization methodology. Even though this system is tough and economical, relatively long CPU time is required to visualize the sensor signals.
To overcome this problem, in this paper, we have tried to find the characterizing parameters of cans. As a result, it is found that the characterizing parameters of cans are simply the length evaluated by the visualized wave forms. Increasing the sensor coils along with the target cans passing through the sensor coils makes it possible to evaluate the length of cans. Thus, we have succeeded in developing the second stage of the full automatic metallic cans classification device.

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Reducing RF (radio frequency) magnetic field radiation from electronic devices is one of important techniques for the EMI (electromagnetic interference). Far field measurement is widely used to measuring RF magnetic field radiation from a device. But, it is difficult to identify detailed positions of far field sources from the far field measurement. On the other hand, near field measurement can be used to measuring just above a device. Magnetic fields measured at near fields contain both of components of far and near field sources. In this paper, an approach for visualization of far magnetic field sources has been proposed. The proposed approach is applied to a simple simulation to identifying both of far and near magnetic fields from a measured magnetic field distribution. As a result, simulated results have been showed that far fields and its sources can be visualized from a measured magnetic field distribution at close range.

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In recent years, faulty operation by mutual interference among electric and electronic devices has become a social problem, which is occurred by widely spreading in use of the personal computers and cellular phones. This is a typical EMC(Electromagnetic Compatibility) problem. The electromagnetic field visualization in the electronic devices is of paramount importance to checking up the EMC problem for developing and designing the modern electronic devices. We have studied the visualization of the current distributions from the locally measured magnetic fields. In order to visualize the current distributions, it is intrinsically reduced into solving an ill-posed inverse problem. In this paper, we carried out the estimation of the three-dimensional current vector distributions with GVSPM method of inverse problem from the locally measured six two-dimensional magnetic fields around the square cubic box.

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Previously, we have proposed a method of current carrying coil position searching by means of a pair of differential search coils. By means of this new method, it has been clarified that the electric power lines in the inaccessible area such as in the wall and under the ground could be principally identified.
In the present paper, we have developed a new theoretical approach to this differential coil method. This new theoretical approach makes it possible to evaluate the current currying coil position as well as magnitude of the flowing currents.
Thus, we have succeeded in visualizing the electric power lines embedded into the wall and ceiling by measuring the magnetic fields at the accessible space in the rooms

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This paper studies a typical ferroresonant circuit to visualize a regularity of nonlinear systems. At first, a Chua type magnetization model is outlined along with the nonlinear parameters: permeability μ, reversible permeability μr and hysteresis parameter s, independent of the past magnetization history. Second, we employ the iterative backward Euler method for the transient analysis of this initial value problem. The characteristic values of the state transition matrix are calculated in each of iteration step as well. Finally, visualization of the time varying characteristic values clarifies the stable system situation during the chaotic phenomenon exhibiting.

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A triangular loop current model visualizes exciting currents giving the desired magnetic field distribution by means of inverse problems. Combining a set of three line currents as a triangular loop represents magnetic field sources holding the conservation of currents, as well as magnetic fluxes. For designing exciting coils, at first, the region for the coils is filled with the current elements. Second, the desired magnetic field distribution represented as an input vector derives a system of equations from the relation between the magnetic field distribution and currents. Third, solving this ill-posed linear system determines the intensity of current in each of the elements. Finally, the current vector visualization performs designing exciting coils. The applications in homogeneous and concentrated magnetic field generation are presented.

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This paper proposes a three phase magnetic sensing system which makes it possible to detect the defect, bending and deflection of metallic plate. Operating principle of this system is based on the essential nature of three phase transformer circuit. When balanced three phase currents are fed into the primary coils which work as the sensing part, zero phase voltage is detected if the target, i.e. secondary circuits have defects. Zero phase voltage is not detected if the target has no defects. Distribution of these zero phase voltages visualize the defect, bending and deflection of the metallic materials.

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The Bitter method is most easily observing way of the magnetic domains even though it is limited to the surface. To observe the magnetic domains by Bitter method, magnetic liquid is put on the target magnetic material after electrical field polishing process. Applying magnetic field to this magnetic material covered by magnetic fluid makes it possible to observe the magnetic domain dynamics by a microscope.
Principal purpose of this paper is to develop a magnetization measurement device for quality control of the magnetic materials by visualizing the magnetic domains by Bitter method. As a first step of our project, we reveal that local magnetization characteristics could be evaluated by means of the Bitter method.

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This paper reports a visualizing methodology of magnetic field vector distribution and its applications. The vector fields are visualized as the color images by projecting the x, y, and z components in each of the vectors to the red, green, and blue components of light, respectively. However, this visualizing methodology of vector fields has the problem that the visualized images always depend on the reference coordinate. Therefore, we have noticed to the current distributions that is the magnetic field source. As a result, we propose here a deterministic decision methodology of the reference coordinate along with current vector. Thereby, it is shown that the magnetic field vector distributions on the reference coordinate system can be uniquely visualized.
As an application of our vector field visualizing methodology, we apply our method to a vector field recognition problem. As a result, we have succeeded in carrying out the machine diagnosis of the vector field.

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With the developments of modern high-speed computer, X-ray and MRI tomographies are widely used as a deterministic tool of medical diagnosis. On the other side, EIT (Electrical Impedance Tomography) is now developing mainly for industrial use. Fundamental difference between the normal and functional tomographies is that the former needs not to handle the functionally measured data, but the latter is based on the functional nature of the measured data. Namely, EIT requires a solution of ill-posed linear system of equations but MRI or X-ray tomography does not require the solution of such the ill-posed linear system of equations.
In the present paper, we propose one of the most reliable solution methodologies based on the electrical dipole assumption, and compare the results obtained by voltage dipole and conventional sensibility methods.

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A self-organizing map (SOM) neural network algorithm is applied to the epipolar line nearest-neighbor particle matching of the 3-D particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). Then, the same algorithm is again applied to the time-differential particle matching of the 3-D PTV for completing the 3-D particle tracking process. The principle of the self-organizing map method seems especially effective even if there are loss-of-pair particles between the two spatio-differential or time-differential frames because of the competitive learning strategy.

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Some X-ray imaging techniques are examined for a feasibility study for micro-PIV in this study. There are three X-ray imaging method, the absorption contrast method, the refraction contrast method, and the phase contrast method. The first one is a common method but its spatial resolution is rather poor. The 2nd method corresponds to the Schlieren method that utilizes refraction of parallel light. The characteristics of the method, edge enhancement, can be effective in extracting tracer images. The third method is a kind of holography methods, and this method can record fine tracer particles.
Among the three methods, the second and the third method are seemed to be applicable to PIV imaging, and those methods need a parallel X-ray. The Spring8, the synchrotron radiation facility in Harima, is utilized. There are some methods to realize phase contrast image, most of them requires ultra-high precision in optical alignment. In the present study, though a coherent source is indispensable, the simplest and robust holography method, the inline holography, is used to take phase contrast pictures.

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Open-channel flow with a side cavity is investigated with the aid of a high-vision video camera having 1440 by 1080 pixel resolution. The experiments are performed by fixing the aspect ratio of the side cavity at one to five and by changing the Froude number of the incoming flow. At the same time, longitudinal side slope with several angles are installed within the side cavity to simulate the actual river situation and its effect on the surface flow is examined in detail. It is made clear that the introduction of a new video camera improves the measurement accuracy of instantaneous velocity fields with a smaller template size in PIV. Installation of a side slope is found to have large effects on the recirculating flow pattern at the surface.

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Aloach has unique propulsion technique by bending its long body and using its tail fin. Its motion and flow around it have been experimentally visualized by particle image velocimetry (PIV). Generating and growing vortices by bending its body, it pushes water backward to gain repulsing force. After moving forward it leaves a vortex street like reverse Karman vortices which means loach gains propulsion. Vortex structure around tail fin is also studied in both horizontal and vertical cross section. Furthermore, flow field in direction change is also studied and large vortex at the side of the head is shown.

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In this study, focused on the velocity of wake after the vibrating three-dimensional square prism that changes dynamically and complexly, the systematic structures concerning the fluctuating velocity field of the wake under several vibrating conditions were evaluated by the POD analysis. The fluctuating velocity fields were numerically obtained by the Dynamic PIV system which includes double pulse YAG laser, high speed camera and so on. First mode of the velocity field under each vibrating condition looks like the distribution shape of each standard deviation. First and second modes under vortex-induced oscillation seem to play significant roles in correlation between principal coordinate of each mode and deflection of vibrating square prism.

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This paper presents comparisons of the techniques for reducing model surface halation in stereoscopic PIV measurement. Several samples that have a different surface finishing such as painted black and fluorescent and their thicknesses were compared in reflection intensities. Test results show that the surface painted by gloss-black or fluorescent (Rhodamin6G) paint has lowest reflection among tested and has a significant effect on reducing halation in quasi-mirror reflection condition as well as in the diffuse reflection condition while the surface painted matt-black has lower reflection intensity in quasi-mirror condition.. It is expected that combining these surface finishings according to each test model geometry and camera position reduce halation more efficiently.

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When bubbles penetrate through a liquid-liquid interface, the lower liquid is pulled up in to the upper layer, and droplets are generated in the upper layer. Experiments using water and silicone oil with same viscosity are executed, and generated droplets are classified into three sizes. Each class has its own generation process. Among them, the smallest bubble class is interested, since stays longer time in the upper liquid than others. Its generation process is also interesting. The smallest ones are initially found in the vicinity of bubbles, and sink very slow. When high-voltage electric field is applied between the two liquids, the droplets jump up toward the upper electrode. Behaviors of bubbles and water droplets in oil are observed from sidewall of the vessel using a high resolution and high speed video cameras. Number density of droplets is measured also.

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A water exchange process in a biosensor container was visualized using a laser fluorescence technique and measured using a PIV. The water exchange process needs optimizing in order to shorten the start up period and not to break lipid membrane. Numerical simulation was also conducted and results were compared. Flow in a container is clarified and effect of flow rate is discussed. Qualitative agreement between experimental and numerical result is obtained.

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In this study, we investigate the flow between co-rotating disks in a stationary cylindrical enclosure. Here, the gap between disks is much narrower than disk radius. This flow is often non-axisymmetrical and complicated. This flow sometimes induces magnetic-head oscillations in disk storage drives of PCs. Then, we carry out flow visualisations using a high-speed camera, and time-continuous quasi-three-dimensional PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) analyses. As a result, we confirm a pair of toroidal vortex structures near the cylindrical enclosure on the rz plane. We show the toroidal structures on a quasi-three-dimensional space rzt. Here, t is the time. By this visualisation technique, we can easily and clearly see the toroidal structures. We can confirm that the vortex structures hardly fluctuate.

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This paper describes the flow visualization of the Benard-type three-dimensional mixed convection in a horizontal square duct with heat transfer bottom wall (T _H=40°C) and upper wall (T _L=20°C) by dye injection method. The working fluid is water. Three-dimensional spiral flows are observed along the longitudinal direction of the duct. Direction of rotation of the spiral flow depends on the difference between the inlet fluid temperature and the symmetrical spiral flows are collapsed in the downstream region.

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A compound swirl jet which consists of an annular swirl jet and a coaxial free jet was proposed as a push flow of the push-pull ventilator. In this paper, the excess pipe was installed in the annular swirl nozzle to promote the mixture of the jet more. By changing the excess length of the pipe, the flow condition of the jet was examined by the visualization. As a result, it was found that the diffusion of the jet could be controlled with the case of excess length ratio ??, but not with the case of ?? .

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The present paper describe the flow visualization in an annular flow passage corresponding to the irradiation container of an accelerator driven system. The flow visualization was performed using PIV method for Reynolds number 2000, 3000 and 10000, eccentricity E=0-30mm and two kinds of shape of an inner tube. The working fluid was water and fine particle were utilized as a tracer. Results show that in order to remove the heat from the system, the annular flow passage with the hemisphere shape and the eccentricity is effective.

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In order to understand mechanism of aerodynamic noise generation in large turbulent flow fields, vortex structures of flow around a circular cylinder were visualized by using an active turbulence generator (ATG). To reduce the noise level of the active turbulence generator, passive silencers and low noise operation mode were developed. Therefore the aerodynamic noise from the developed ATG was only 10 dB larger than that of the conventional wind tunnel. It is well-known that small holes were used to reduce aerodynamic noise radiated from a circular cylinder. Noise reduction effect of the holes was estimated in the large-scale turbulent flow filed. The experimental result showed that the noise reduction effect of the small holes was decreased when the cylinder was placed at strong turbulent flow field. In the case of the laminar flow, small holes make the impinging jets just behind the cylinder. The jets destroy the Karman vortex and reduce the aerodynamic noise. On the other hand, the velocity of the impinging jets was reduced by uniform turbulent flow. Then, the noise reduction effect of the holes was reduced in a large-scale turbulent flow field.

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We have developed the prototype of the integration system to support TV conference while sharing 3D data. We are planning the development of an immersive conference system with a 3D display or a large screen high-density display that exceeds a two-dimension TV conference system. In that case, we think that transmitting three-dimensional data can obtain a performance that is better to transmit the image data. Here, we reports on the development of the prototype system to examine the performance.

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Projector mosaic technology allows the generation of a wide field of view and high-resolution images in a cost-effective manner. It is expected to be applied extensively to training simulators where vivid immersive sensations and precision are required. However, in many systems the viewing frustums cannot be automatically assigned for distributed rendering, and the required manual setup is complicated and difficult. This is because the camera should be placed directly at eye point. For the actual applications, the camera is seldom able to be set up at eye point because of physical constraints such as narrow cockpit with many instruments. To resolve this issue, we have developed a "Diagonalization virtual camera method" that yields high-precision calibration regardless of the camera position. Consolidating these element technologies, we have developed a practical real-time multi-projector display system for applications such as training simulators that require high-accuracy in geometry and rapid response time.

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ORAD DVG is the most powerful visualization cluster composed of multiple COTS rendering units tied together to produce a single output channel. The graphic scalability provided by ORAD DVG offers unparalleled performance for 3D graphics visualization. Polygonal antialiasing, time division, screen division, dynamic screen division, stereo division, and/or volumetric compositing are among the ORAD DVG compositing modes.

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A new-designed framework for building a visualization system was proposed and developed. This framework enables us to extend a new function easily as a module. In addition, this framework and a sample application are operating on major platforms, such as MacOSX, Linux and Windows operation systems. Sample application shows several functions intended for actual design work. In particular, the function of multiple-on-screen windows provided by the framework is very useful, especially in combination with multiple results.

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A libarary-less realtime visualization system named "VisTrace" is developed to satisfy the following requirements; no need to change simulation programs, running on a standard computer environment, no need to specify the data to be extracted in advance, various visualization softwares available with VisTrace. In the present paper, the detail of VisTrace and an example of its utilization with an inhouse visualization sofware "Post-kun" are described and the advantage of the visualization with VisTrace is discussed.

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With the advance of high performance computing and modern numerical simulation technology, flow fields obtained from the simulation are becoming more and more large and complex. It is an extremely challenging problem to display a large flow field in the limited 2D space on a computer screen. In this paper, we present a system that adapts display resources to user intentions by using eye-tracking data. When observing a flow field, users usually gaze at some particular regions, such as around a critical point, the boundary of an object, and selectively follow some important structure or interesting flow pattern. Since "viewing" is the most important user task in flow observation, we assume it is possible to predict users' intentions, either conscious or unconscious ones, by analyzing eye-tracking data. The proposed system employs a set of focus+context visualization techniques to effectively visualize the regions of interest, which are automatically predicted based on eye-tracking data.

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The application experience of 3D visualization to the aerospace research and development at JAXA and the related issues are presented. As the 3D visualization system, we use a power-wall type display system with a stereo view function, and think it very effective to enhance the visualization capability, to promote the collaboration among researchers, and to activate the communication between the research side and the user side.

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ボリュームレンダリング技術では、グラフィックスハードウェアの持つシェーダ機能を活用して高い画像クオリティを実現する研究が盛んに行われている。なかでもPre-Integration法は、レンダリング画像のモアレを軽減することを可能とするものである。しかしながら、この技術は、アルゴリズム、シェーダープログラム技術など多くの前提知識が必要なため、エンドユーザが気軽に自分のアプリケーションに取り込むことは容易ではなかった。日本SGI株式会社は、このような最先端研究成果をエンドユーザが容易に利用することを可能にするライブラリとして、ボリューム可視化ライブラリー(SGI Volant)を宇宙航空研究開発機構(JAXA)と共同開発した。本文では、SGI Volantで利用した技術・アルゴリズム、その実装を紹介する。

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This paper reports development of new kind of file operating system. We develop 3D file operating system, "3D-Explorer" by using Web3D, Viewpoint. Features of "3D-Explorer" are following three points. (1) Displaying layered structure of file system as "3D-tree" structure, and each files as "3D-Icons". (2) File operation is executed by drag & drop operation on 3D or operation with button. (3) Combining mouse operation to Perl program, by using JavaScript and Perl program operates files. In this research, this system works well when it visualizes about 100 files on notebook-size PC running at 1GHz. As a result, getting overview of file system and more efficient file operation become possible.

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The online visualization system using the Web3D has been demonstrated. In this system, particle tracing, contour plot and contour plane view techniques are implemented through the network communication. The server data has been transferred through the TCP/IP continuously, and visualize this information using Web3D, resulting in the online visualization system.

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The Web3D is widely used in the internet shopping. In the Web3D system, users can handle target 3D materials as they were exist in the virtual 3D space in Web browser. To demonstrate the advantages of virtual 3D environment in Web, Web3D system has been applied to the E-learning Web system. For the elementally school students, 3D cubic development software has been constructed. The students can easily learn the 3D geometry on the web-page.

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Multipurpose visualization toolkit AVS/Express provides visualization function as an object called "module", but it has been developed for single processor. So in the case of dealing large data, it takes very long time and requires large machine resource. To solve the problems, we add parallel processing function to AVS/Express. This is called AVS/Express PST, which has functions as follows.
a) Dividing and distributing data and processing distributed data on each node, b) Parallel processing, c)Parallel rendering d) API for developing parallel module These functions are effective in visualization of large data.

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This paper proposes a visualization system for large-scale data using PC grid computing environment, which is integrated with computing resources of personal computers. This system is flexible and scalable since computing environment can be implemented with heterogeneous PCs. Experiment results with 36 PCs show the effectiveness of the proposed visualization system.

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This paper reports the Visualization Subsystem for the Sensable Simulation System(Scube) which the authors have been developing. Scube is a 64-nodes PC-based cluster system in which a commodity GPU as the visualization accelerator is configured with each node. There is no dedicated special purpose network for the visualization, however, the high-cost performance inter-connection network is originally designed for Scube. All the hardware components for this network is essentially the small-scale and commodity hardware designed for Giga-bit Ethernet. The authors have also designed the binary-tree based parallel image composition algorithm which utilizes the degree of overlapping between sub-images, in order to reduce the amount of unnecessary communication and computation. The details of the image composition algorithm and the network configuration are described in this paper.

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This paper reports a new technique of micro-resolution Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). To investigate three-dimensional flow structure in microscopic scale, 3D scanning micro-PIV system was developed by combining a high-speed camera, an epi-fluorescent microscope, a CW (Continuous Wave) laser, and a piezo actuator. In order to validate the measurement accuracy of the system, a numerical simulation and an experiment were carried out. In numerical simulation, the optimum conditions of 3D scanning micro-PIV technique were investigated using synthetic images under epi-fluorescent microscope observation. In experiment, a micro-round tube flow was measured by utilizing the optimum conditions. Three-dimensional velocity fields of water inside the micro-round tube with 95 μm were visualized for a spatial resolution of 5.4×2.7×0.27 μm.

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In general inline holography, accurate determination of the object's depth position is difficult. In order to overcome this defect, we proposed a digital inline holography technique combined with stereoscopic recording. Stereoscopic recording is executed by only one camera with the assistance of one mirror in order to keep simplicity of optical alignment. It was confirmed that the uncertainty in the depth direction can be reduced to about 1 pixel by the proposed technique.

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This paper describes PIV measurements of gas flow in micro channel such as fuel cell. A new visualization technique has been developed using fluorescent oil mist generator, microscope, high sensitive CCD camera, double pulsed Nd:YAG laser and so on. Applying the visualization system to the flow in the strait micro channel with 500 μm width and 300 μm depth, the velocity distributions even close to the channel wall were measured using PTV technique. The technique is useful to investigate a gas flow in micro scale.

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This paper presents the ensemble averaged oscillatory flow field in a model of human terminal airway bifurcation. Because of difficulties of in vivo experimental investigations of respiratory flows, in vitro experiments in model have been performed. The size of the model investigated was the same order with the basic anatomical features of the human terminal airway bifurcation (terminal airway, Generation 18th-19th). In the present work, micro-PIV technique has been applied to measurements of velocity profiles at each phase of oscillatory flow in the model. The oscillatory flow conditions in the experiments are as follows; physiological tidal volume was 1-2Oμl and breathing frequencies were 0.2, 0.8 and 20Hz corresponding to respiratory conditions of normal state, case of maximum exercise, and HFOV (High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation) artificial mode, respectively.

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Microfluidic devices for cell culture have recently been fabricated for perfusion culture, which can provide more likely in vivo environments for cells by continuously supplying nutrition and oxygen, and removing wastes. To design integrated cell culture microfluidic devices with higher density and larger numbers of cells, a fundamental understanding of relationship between cell adhesions and fluid flow in the channel is necessary Eight types of obstacles were made in centre of the PDMS (polydimetylsyloxane) microchannel, and hydrophobic beads as mimic of living cells were introduced. We found that beads are mostly attached to certain positions of obstacles and microchannel walls, even in the high velocity gradient area. The surface of PDMS microchannel is hydrophobic, and the strong hydrophobic beads are more easily attached to the microchannel wall than that of weak hydrophobic beads. The beads are easily sedimented in the channels with square and circular obstacles, and sometimes finally blocked the fluid flow. Establishment of the evaluation method by the beads would be broadened to integrated cell devices.

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The Reynolds number of the flow in a micro fluidic device is low. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the mixing by some methods. This paper reports on the research to promote mixing by bubbles generated by an electric heater. A typical flow channel width of a micro fluidic device is 40 to 80μm.This size is not easy to fabricate or to visualize the flow. First, we performed the visualization with the flow channel 10 times as large as the actual device to overcome these difficulties. Two fluids, colored with white and black paints respectively, were mixed in the micro fluidic device. Brightness of the fluid was observed with a CCD microscope. The image was analyzed with a personal computer, and the mixing rate was examined quantitatively.

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The authors used the Split-and-Recombine (SAR) structure as an acceleration method of mixing and chemical reaction in the micro fluidic device. The number of layers of two reacting fluids by using this structure is increased. Then, the contact areas increase, the thicknesses of layer decrease, and the mixing and chemical reaction can accelerate. To evaluate of the mixing and chemical reaction by the SAR structure, the numerical calculation was performed. The SAR structure has many curved channel and the shape is important. An angled channel and the curved channel of two different shapes were compared numerically. As a result, the mixing efficiency was large in angled channel, because an effective secondary flow generated. The mixing efficiency of three SAR structures with angled channels (45 degrees) showed 7.5 times more than that of the straight channel of the same channel length.

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This paper presents a novel scalar field measurement for microfluidic devices; "2-Color Laser-induced Fluorescence (2-Color LIF)". In general, a conventional method (1-Color LIF) strongly depends on the excitation intensity distribution, which is generated by spatio-temporal intensity fluctuation of light itself and configuration of microchannel. In contrast, the proposed method can eliminate the undesirable influence using a ratio-metric technique with two fluorescence images, because fluorescence intensity can be approximately a linear function of the excitation light intensity. Therefore, it is possible to measure the scalar distribution quantitatively and simplify its calibration. In this experiment, this was applied to calibrate between either temperature or pH and normalized ratio value by dividision between two fluorescence images. Consequently, spatial intensity error can be reduced to about 95% as compared with 1-Color LIF image. The scalar distribution in microchannel was visualized with high resolution 0.24um×0.24μm.

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By a scanning YAG laser beam, induced motions of solid fine particles for drawing alphabets and forced rotations of a non-sphere solid particle in water are discussed in this paper. By scanning the laser beam in high frequency, the beam is seemed as multi laser beams and plural objectives can be simultaneously manipulated by the beam. By these techniques arbitrary patterns of solid particles can be drawn. By the optical canning method of the galvano scanner with the Q-switch the rotational rates of the fragment with arbitrary shapes are from 0.5 Hz to 1.5 Hz at the 591 mW laser power. The rates are dependent on the scanning frequency.

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Pressure-Sensitive Paint (PSP) measurement was applied to low-speed testing at LWT2 of WINTEC/JAXA. The luminescent intensity of PSP depends not only on pressure but also on temperature. The temperature dependence of PSP should be compensated for increasing measurement accuracy. So far, the temperature correction of PSP was conducted by using PSP/TSP combined system at supersonic and transonic flow. However, this measurement system at low-speed was not enough for practical use, since the error of TSP measurement and the temperature difference between right and left wing were not negligible. For improving the measurement accuracy, PSP system combined with an infrared (IR) camera was developed. The Super-Sonic Transport (SST) model was used for verification test. As a result, the PSP system with IR camera could improve measurement accuracy, including that the temperature correction by an IR camera was a useful technique for low-speed testing.

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To promote utilization of pressure/temperature sensitive paint (PSP/TSP) surface pressure measurement for wind tunnel testing, a robust and user-friendly post-processing software named "Software for Molecular-sensing Application-oriented Postprocessing (SMAP)" has been developed and
now it is open to the public on our website. SMAP enables efficient image data processing for PSP/TSP surface pressure measurement with dark calibration, averaging, several smoothing options, manual/automatic marker detection, edge detection, image registration, image division, temperature
calibration, pressure calibration, and surface pressure mapping to three-dimensional model. In this paper, some features of SMAP are introduced and wind tunnel tests of a reusable launch vehicle model in the large-scale. transonic/supersonic wind tunnel in ISAS/JAXA are demonstrated.

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