Shinku
Online ISSN : 1880-9413
Print ISSN : 0559-8516
ISSN-L : 0559-8516
Volume 24, Issue 8
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
  • Tamio ENDO, Yoshishige NAKANISHI, Takao WADA
    1981 Volume 24 Issue 8 Pages 445-455
    Published: August 20, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Kiichi HOJOU, Takashi NAKATANI, Hiroshi FUJITA, Koichi KANAYA
    1981 Volume 24 Issue 8 Pages 456-464
    Published: August 20, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The sputtering yields of Al and red blood cells of the human have been measured at oblique angles of incident beam for Ar ion irradiation in the energy region from 5 to 15 keV. The yields were determined from the weight loss of the target. The maximum yield was found to be at angle of incidence θ=74° (5keV), where θis the angle measured from the surface normal. At a large θ, the sputtering yield increases more than 1/cosθ, and the curve passes through a maximum between 70° and 88°. Then, according to the negative defocusing effects caused by spacecharge and the consistent theory of sputtering (Kanaya theory), the dependence of the sputtering on the incident angle (θ) and dead angle (α), dependent on incident ion energy, is given by s (θ) =s (0) · cos1/2-1/n (θ+α) /cosθ, where n is dependent on incident ion energy. The formula is in good agreement with experimental results. Furthermore, ion beam sputtering has been used to remove the surface layer from Red Blood Cells.
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  • Norio TAKAHASHI, Koji TESHIMA
    1981 Volume 24 Issue 8 Pages 465-470
    Published: August 20, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Measurements of the mean velocities u and the velocity distributions of the molecular beams from a shockheated source have been carried out by a conventional time-of-flight method, and their translational temperatures T// parallel to the flow direction have been determined. The speed ratios, S// = (mu/2kT//) 1/2, of 6-20 have been obtained in the source temperature range of T0 =1, 400-10, 800K and its pressure range of P0=1.3-6.8atm for argon. They have been less than the theoretical terminal speed ratios for a free jet. In the present apparatus with a convergentdivergent conical nozzle, the boundary layer from the nozzle wall limits the expansion and results in a decrease of the speed ratio. Although the flow is strongly affected by the background gas in the far downstream from the nozzle exit, higher speed ratios have been obtained.
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  • Akio NAKAMURA, Toshihisa KAWAUCHI, Kazuo URABE, Michihiko KITAO, Shoji ...
    1981 Volume 24 Issue 8 Pages 471-475
    Published: August 20, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Absorption spectra of evaporated amorphous WO3 films were measured under various conditions. Slope of the Urbach tail of fundamental absorption edge was found to decrease with increasing temperature of annealing. Decrease of the slope at the annealing temperature of 100°C is caused by the release of water from the films, while the decrease at 300 °C is originated from crystallization. Shift of optical gap was also observed with increase of annealing temperature. These effects are considered to be caused from the change in the disorder of atomic configurations.
    Electrolytic coloration procedure induces a near-infrared absorption band. The absorption band produced by H+ injection was narrower than that by Li+ injection. This kind of difference in absorption spectra is believed to relate with the difference of frequency of atomic vibrations in the color centers. Optical gap was found to shift to higher energies during electrolytic coloration. This shft is brought about by incorporation of H+ or Li+ ions into WO3 matrix.
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  • Tokio OHKAWA
    1981 Volume 24 Issue 8 Pages 476-481
    Published: August 20, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: September 29, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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