風力エネルギー
Online ISSN : 1884-457X
Print ISSN : 0387-6217
ISSN-L : 0387-6217
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38 巻, 4 号
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巻頭言
特集　風力エネルギーハンドブック紹介（その２）
寄稿
会議報告・訪問記
技術および最新情報
海外風力エネルギー学協会・研究機関からの情報
話しの広場
論文特集：Grand RE2014国際会議「風力分野」での推薦論文
  • rFlow3D CFD コードを用いた風車の翼・支柱空力干渉に関する数値研究
    大江 晴天, 田辺 安忠, 杉浦 正彦, 青山 剛史, 松尾 裕一, 菅原 瑛明, 山本 誠
    2014 年 38 巻 4 号 p. A_67-A_72
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2016/09/30
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11333/jwea.38.4_A_67
    ジャーナル フリー
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    In the present study, the interaction between a wind turbine tower and blades and its aerodynamic effect on the wake structure are investigated using the rFlow3D CFD code, which was developed by JAXA. NREL Phase VI experimental wind turbine is selected as the computational test case. The result shows the shed vortex from the tower does not affect the total wind turbine performance significantly. However, cyclic fluctuation of the aerodynamic load and the change of vortex structure behind the tower are captured clearly. The rotational flow and shed vortex from the tower cause the increase of turbulence intensity and irregular velocity distributions. This is considered as one of the key features for capturing the wake vortex breakdown accurately. It is shown that the tower and blade interaction is important for detailed wake investigation even in this upwind wind turbine case.
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  • 日本の異なる電力系統エリアにおける風力発電のkW価値
    近藤 潤次
    2014 年 38 巻 4 号 p. A_73-A_78
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2016/09/30
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11333/jwea.38.4_A_73
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Wind power generation has a characteristic that its output power fluctuates according to weather conditions, which is a problem for usage as electric power supplies. The capacity value is an index to indicate how much capacity can be expected during a heavy load period. In this paper, the capacity values of the aggregated wind power on Hokkaido and Tohoku power systems were evaluated by K90 method. The result indicates that the capacity value of the aggregated wind power is highly affected by the correlation with electricity demand.
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  • 東日本大震災と津波に耐えた洋上風車の耐震設計
    松信 隆, 井上 信三, 辻 賢之, 吉田 健治, 小松﨑 衛
    2014 年 38 巻 4 号 p. A_79-A_84
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2016/09/30
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11333/jwea.38.4_A_79
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Japanese first open sea offshore wind farm - Wind Power Kamisu Phase 1 - was struck by a 6-intensity earthquake on the Japanese seismic scale and 5.0-meter tsunami wave during the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011. The wind farm resumed operation on March 14, no damage was found in the system, even though the wind farm was temporally forced to stop operation due to grid failure caused by the earthquake. There is a strong demand for wind turbine to have precise seismic design especially in a seismic hazard country such as Japan. Wind Power Kamisu Phase 2 was built one year after the earthquake according to the Kamisu phase 1 experiences. This paper aims at showing an example of seismic design of offshore windturbine and the situation among the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami.
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  • プラズマ気流制御技術を用いた高性能風車の開発
    松田 寿, 田中 元史, 大迫 俊樹, 山崎 顕一, 志村 尚彦, 浅山 雅弘, 前田 太佳夫, 鎌田 泰成, 尾立 志弘
    2014 年 38 巻 4 号 p. A_85-A_89
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2016/09/30
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11333/jwea.38.4_A_85
    ジャーナル フリー
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    High performance wind turbine has been developed using plasma actuation technology. First, the plasma activated concept was ensured with 300W rated small wind turbine in a wind tunnel experiment. Second, the world first field test with this innovative concept was conducted using 30kW rated wind turbine. The test showed that leading edge flow separations are very controlled by the plasma actuation and torque augmentation in wind turbine is realized even under real wind conditions. Finally, the first trial of this technique for larger commercial size rotors of 1.75 MW rated was carried out and increasing wind power has been proved.
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  • せん断流中に置かれた直線翼垂直軸風車の性能に関する風洞実験
    若狭 光洋, 木綿 隆弘, 河野 孝昭
    2014 年 38 巻 4 号 p. A_90-A_97
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2016/09/30
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11333/jwea.38.4_A_90
    ジャーナル フリー
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    The performance of the vertical-axis wind turbine with straight blades in a shear flow was investigated in an open circuit-type wind tunnel. The wind turbine had a variable-pitch angle mechanism. The diameter and height of wind turbine were 880mm and 800mm, respectively. The number of straight blades with a NACA0018 airfoil section was three. Two-dimensional shear flow was generated by using three types of porous flat plates. The effects of the location and the strength of shear flow to the rotor on the performances of the vertical-axis wind turbine with fixed and variable-pitch straight blades were found. When the porous plate installed at the backward side, the maximum apparent power coefficient for the porous plate of Φ = 0.49 and 0.60 is higher than the case with no plate. The tip speed ratio of the maximum apparent power coefficient also shifted to the lower side of TSR as shielding coefficients Φ increases.
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  • シュラウド型風車のCFRPブレードの動的力学挙動に及ぼす鍔付きディフューザーの影響
    汪 文学, 松原 監壮, 小田原 悟, 大屋 裕二, 烏谷 隆
    2014 年 38 巻 4 号 p. A_98-A_104
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2016/09/30
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11333/jwea.38.4_A_98
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Wind tunnel experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of the flanged diffuser on the dynamic behavior of the blade of a 3kW wind turbine shrouded with a flanged diffuser. Three wind velocities (6.9 m/s to 11.6 m/s) and three different yawing angles (0-degree to 30-degree) were tested to investigate the effects of the flanged diffuser and the yawing angle on the dynamic behavior of blade. Three blades were fabricated by the skin of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) and Piocelan core. The blade rotation speed and the dynamic strain at the blade were measured under the conditions with and without the flanged diffuser. Two telemeter systems of transmitter and receiver were used in the measurement of the dynamic strains at the rotating blade. Experimental results reveal that the rotation speed and the dynamic strain at the blade of the wind turbine with the flanged diffuser are much higher than those without the flanged diffuser. On the other hand, the rotation speed and the dynamic strain at the blade decrease as the yawing angle increases. Furthermore, the influence of the flanged diffuser on the variation of the tensile strain within one rotation is relatively slight. The CFRP blade is available for small wind turbine with relatively high rotation speed to reduce the centrifugal force.
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  • 小形風車翼の疲労荷重計算におけるIEC 61400-2 Ed.2 の簡略化した荷重モデルと空力弾性モデリングの比較
    飯野 光政, 徳山 榮基, 瀬川 浩司, 飯田 誠
    2014 年 38 巻 4 号 p. A_105-A_109
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2016/09/30
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11333/jwea.38.4_A_105
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    In this paper, two methods of fatigue load calculation, the aeroelastic model and the simplified load model (SLM) defined in IEC61400-2 Ed.2, are compared. Because the SLM does not include the effect of braking, the SLM overestimates the fatigue load under high wind speeds. It is also revealed that the design wind speed, which is used in the SLM, is not necessarily representative of the fatigue load. Finally, a modified SLM shows a sensitivity to the wind that is similar to that of the aeroelastic model.
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  • 洋上表層観測値とWRF 鉛直プロファイルから推定されたハブ高度風速の精度について
    大澤 輝夫, 香西 克俊
    2014 年 38 巻 4 号 p. A_110-A_114
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2016/09/30
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11333/jwea.38.4_A_110
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Using measurements from the FINO3 met mast in the North Sea, this study examines the accuracy of the wind turbine hub-height (80 m, in this study) wind speed which is estimated from in-situ 10m-height wind speed and the vertical wind speed profile simulated with the mesoscale model WRF. The estimated wind speed is verified with the wind speed measured at the height of 80 m on the meteorological mast. The result of verification shows that the estimated wind speed has a bias of 0.12 m/s (1.3 % of mean wind speed), a root-mean-square-error of 0.96 m/s (10.1 %), and a correlation coefficient of 0.97. These results indicate that the buoy-simulation hybrid method can be a promising approach for cost-effective and convenient offshore wind resource assessment.
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  • 周期的ピッチ制御を行う水平軸風車の基礎研究
    鎌田 泰成, 飯田 康平, 前田 太佳夫, 村田 淳介
    2014 年 38 巻 4 号 p. A_115-A_119
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2016/09/30
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11333/jwea.38.4_A_115
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Floating offshore wind turbines experience external force such as aerodynamic force of wind and hydrodynamic force of the wave. These forces give undesired motion of wind turbine which increases additional load and instability. This study aims to suppress undesired turbine’s motion by a rotor thrust control which is controlled by pitch changes. In this paper, moment and force acts on model wind turbine were examined by a wind tunnel experiment. From this experiment, thrust and moment control which act on the model wind turbine by pitch change were confirmed.
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  • ANNOYANCE AND STRESS EFFECTS DUE TO WIND TURBINES
    Gundula Huebner, Johannes Pohl
    2014 年 38 巻 4 号 p. A_120-A_123
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2016/09/30
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11333/jwea.38.4_A_120
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    Local resistances against wind turbines influence the construction of wind farms negatively. The opponents argue that wind turbines have not only a negative impact on the landscape but on the health of residents living in the vicinity. Indeed, despite scientific studies of human response to noise and other wind turbine immissions, the prevalence of annoyance or stress symptoms remains unknown so far. Two studies from Switzerland and Germany revealed the landscape impact and turbine noises to be most annoying for residents. However, nearly nobody related stress symptoms to the landscape impact and only a minority to the wind turbines noise. Even more, the overall annoyance by wind turbines turned out to be comparable to traffic noise. The experienced planning process proved to be a strong moderator of stress ? the less satisfied the residents were with the planning process the stronger was the experienced stress impact by the operating park.
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論文
  • 波浪推算モデルと合成風速場を用いた風波とうねりの数値予測
    種本 純, 石原 孟
    2014 年 38 巻 4 号 p. A_124-A_131
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2016/09/30
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11333/jwea.38.4_A_124
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    Wind wave and swell prediction are carried out by using third generation wave models and wind fields. Although predicted wave heights by SWAN show good agreement with observations, predicted wave periods are underestimated significantly due to underestimations of wave spectra in the low frequency range. WW3 predicts wave heights, periods and spectra correctly. The relation between wave heights, wave periods and wind speeds obtained by WW3 also show good agreement with observations. The mechanism of decreasing wave periods with increase of wind wave is well explained by the wave spectra and the combined wind wave and swell model. Several wind fields used as sea surface boundary conditions for wave simulations are also validated. It is found that predicted extreme wave height and period by using the wind field obtained from the mesoscale model underestimate tropical cyclone induced extreme wave height and period and these underestimations are improved by using the wind fields obtained from the typhoon model and the combined wind field.
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  • プラズマ気流制御によるロータトルク増大効果のフィールド検証
    田中 元史, 松田 寿, 雨森 清行, 志村 尚彦, 安井 祐之, 大迫 俊樹, 前田 太佳夫, 鎌田 泰成
    2014 年 38 巻 4 号 p. A_132-A_137
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2016/09/30
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11333/jwea.38.4_A_132
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    The world first field test of plasma aerodynamic controlled wind turbine was conducted. Mie University’s 30kW horizontal axis wind turbine with a 10m diameter and 13.4m in hub height was used. Dielectric barrier discharge electrodes of 4m in length were installed on the surface of the leading edge of each blade. Alternating voltage of 5.5kV in pulse modulation mode was applied to each electrode from inverters under the nacelle through slip rings. Atmospheric pressure plasma was successfully generated on the electrodes on actual rotating blade. In the case of 60rpm fixed rotational speed, a significant enhancement in rotor torque was confirmed in high wind speed region. Averaged power generation was also increased by the plasma effect.
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