Annual population trends for fourteen species of birds resident in both Malaya and Japan are figured and discussed. They were tallied in the respective habitat in which they were common and the populations are compared by monthly density.

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From 1st April 1964 to 31st March 1965, a total of 75 species, 6, 141 birds were ringed at 26 localities, covering 10 prefectures. The number of bird species ringed, and localities are tabled in Fig. 2. 13 recoveries (7 spp.) have been reported in Japan (outside of ringing sites) and 8 recoveries (5 spp.) from abroad. It is of interest that the above 8 recoveries included 2 Egretta alba and E. intermedia were reported from the Philippines while none of them were reported in Japan.
This ringing project was financially supported by the Migratory Animal Pathological Survey, U. S. Army. We would like to express our heartfelt thanks to Lt. Col. C. M. Barnes, the director, and Dr. H. E. McClure of the M. A. P. S. for their support and kindness shown to our work. We are also grateful to the members of the Shinhama Refuge, Palace Bureau, Prof. Y. Kiyosu, and Mr. S. Matsuyama for their field cooperation in ringing birds.

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Ninety-eight stomach contents of the Japanese Ptarmigan, Lagopus mustus japonicus, obtained in Japan Alps during 1926-28 and owned by Mr. Jicho Ishizawa, were kindly offered to the author for food analysis. The analyses were made by month (March to November) and individual. Twenty-five plant (13 other species, reported by other authors, were not found) and eleven animal items were identified. Animal foods are taken during July and August only by young and the females accompanied by them. Vaccinium leaves and fruits occurred in the highest frequency, next the leaves of Empetrum, and other several species are favoured, but their % frequency changed by season. The needles of Pinus pumila was not so important quantitatively (though occurred in high frequency), and according to Ishizawa, its fruits are mostly consumed by Nutcracker but about 10% are left and fall on the snow which are eaten by the ptarmigan.

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1.本調査は1963-1964年に亘り韓国京畿道光陵試験林に架設した人工巣箱を利用して繁殖しヤマガラ(Parus varius varius)35個の巣箱(1963年19個,1964年16個)に対する繁殖経過と育雛期の食習性を調査したものである。
2.ヤマガラは韓国全域にて樹木の自然洞穴又は人工巣箱を利用繁殖する留鳥で優占的森林鳥類の1種である。夏季は濶葉樹林と混淆林に棲むが冬季には平地の疎林にも漂行する。
3.営巣は雌雄共同で行い,4～7日かかる。営巣材料は蘇苔類が主でカエデ,サクラ,カラマツ等の葉,ネズミサシの樹皮及び草本植物等が用いられ,産座にはキバノロ,チョウセンアナグマ,コウライタヌキ等の毛,鳥の羽毛及びヒカゲスゲ類の葉及び細根等が混合使用され稠密に作られる。
4.営巣が終った当日又は3～4日後から産卵を始め,産卵期は4月初旬から6月初旬である。卵数は4～10個,7～8個が普通で1日1卵を産む。
5.抱卵も雌雄交互に行い抱卵期間は12～14日であり,5～6月に大抵孵化する。
6.育雛は5月中旬から7月初旬までに行い約12～17日を要する。
7.食餌物は昆虫の幼虫其の他動物質が主で生育するに従い昆虫の成虫の量が増加し,少量の植物質も与える。孵化後初期には軟い無毛幼虫と蜘蛛類の給与量が多いが,雛が生長するに従い毛虫の量が増す。
食餌物は昆虫の幼虫54.69%,成虫13.85%,蛹1.5%,其の他動物質29.59%,そして植物質0.37%の比率であった。昆虫の幼虫ではNoctuidae,Geometridae,Cerruidae,Lymantridae等の蛾類が大部分であり,成虫ではXiphidion属が優位であった。
其の他動物質ではAraneinaが26.97%を占め,雛が生長するに従い蜘蛛類の量は減少し昆虫類の量が増加した。
森林保護上から見たとき全食餌物の45.32%が害虫で,蜘蛛類が27.71%,其の他動物質が26.97%に該当した。従って本種の森林害虫防除の功は大きく,巣箱架設に依る保護増殖が要望される。
8.巣箱は板製でよく,出入口の径は3cmで充分であり巣箱の高さは韓国では少し高めて6m位がよかろう。

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Between October and April, many sea-birds have been found dead on the beach on Niigata coast concentrated in Kashiwazaki area. This part is south of Sado I. and east of Noto Peninsula and owing to this situation, winds and sea currents are very complicated. Since 1959 to 1965, 16 species, 73 birds were collected and the correlations with temperature and winds were considered (possibly positive with day variation in temperature and wind velocity and consequent waves). From the sea currents and the state (freshness) of drifted birds, the distribution of these birds in March and November was estimated.

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On migration, Locustella fasciolata passes Honshiu from late May to mid June, and from late August to early October. Thus in spring the migration lasts 10-15 days while in autumn 15-25 days. This is the general rule in birds since they make haste in spring for breeding. In spring migration early flocks consist chiefly of males mixed with few females and later ones with more females. The lipid amount varied little by birds obtained in northern and southern Japan, and this may indicate that they migrate step by step taking food while moving.

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筆者は1965年6月,コマドリの調査を主目的として利尻島に2泊した。礼文島は船便と日程の関係で泊れなかった。両島は全島保護区であるので,北海道庁生物保護指導監斎藤春雄氏のお計らいと現地の方々の御好意により,島での飼育鳥から2羽の標本を得ることができた(1羽は偶然前日死亡のもの),また多くの籠鳥をみた。これらは何れも同一型の羽色(多少顔の濃淡はあるが)であった。この標本を山階鳥研の本州産標本及び飼育生鳥とも比較して,次のような点で明らかに区別できたので,和名リシリコマドリ,学名Erithacus akahige rishiriensisを与えることにした。
1.頭頂から上面,翼にかけ一様にオリーブ(緑色味)を帯び,本州産より赤味が弱い(オリーブ味は古い標本で多少失われるかもしれないが)。
2.従って上面の色は本州産より顔部の橙赤色とはっきり境され,額から顔部も本州産ほど濃赤色でなく,とくに上胸に至り明るい橙色となる。
3.この上胸の橙色は以下の青黒色とはっきり境し,この色も濃く鮮かである。
4.尾も本州産より多少薄く,脇も淡くオリーブを帯ぶ。
5.測定では差はない。
なお,1932年12月の利尻標本は上面はより赤味があるが,本州産に比すれば少しオリーブを帯び淡い(季節的な変化や古い標本でオリーブ色が失われる傾向があるかもしれないが)。また一般に胸の青黒色の羽は羽縁が淡灰色で,春はこれがすれて一様な青黒色となるらしい。しかし本州産標本からみて,個体(または年令)により羽毛全体に青黒色の少ないものもある。全般として,利尻のコマドリは羽色の対照が鮮かで,全体に赤色味の強い本州のコマドリよりも美しく,声も高く美しいように思った。なお,北海道の個体について今後調査する必要がある。
ここに,斎藤春雄氏をはじめ,御協力を得た東利尻町長小松為五郎氏,同主事山田重男氏,利尻町長小田桐清実氏,同建設課安田美樹穂氏,沓形愛鳥保護会の兼田広氏,田尻忠司氏ほかに感謝の意を表し,併せて,礼文島で飼育コマドリを拝見し得た礼文町長向瀬貫三郎氏にも同様御礼申し上げる。
リシリコマドリの生態,羽色,渡りについては,さらに将来調査したいと思っており,重ねて御援助を乞う次第である。

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In May and June, 1965, the author made five bird surveys in less known parts of Hokkaido. These are reported here under the headings: 1. Notes on birds along Shiretoko Peninsula (May), 2. Sea-bird survey of Kojima I., off Matsumae (May), 3. Observations of birds of Rishiri I. (June), 4. Bird survey of Cape Esan (May, June) and 5. Birds of Soya area and Rishiri. They are sea bird observations (pelagic census and breeding colonies) and notes on land birds.
1. Along Shiretoko peninsula, sea bird colonies were observed from ship at some distance. The main colony was on the west-side cliffs at Iwaobetsu chiefly consisting of some hundreds of Larus schistisagus and Phalacrocorax capillatus with Ph. pelagicus and Cepphus carbo, etc. There were a few other smaller ones but they could not be observed at close range. According to local observer, Mr. Yoshida, there appears to be some colonies of Uria aalge, Lunda cirrhata, Cerorhinca monocerata, and breeding of Fratercula and Brachyramphus marmoratus, possibly also Phalacrocorax urile is suggestive. Summer records so far known for Brachyramphus are listed and two birds were encountered this time. A flock of scores of Larus crassirostris were observed near the tip of the peninsula but the breeding was not confirmed. According to Yoshida, he saw chicks of Histrionicus with an adult bird in June, 1963. A White-tailed Sea Eagle was seen on a pack ice with some Larus schistisagus; it breeds at several places of the peninsula. Two Japanese Robins, Erithacus akahige, were unexpectedly found at rocky tip of the peninsula where there were no vegetations and some snow was remaining. Offshore census of sea birds is given in tables.
2. Kojima I. is situated in 139°50'E, 41°20'N, 20km. WSW of Matsumae, the southwesternmost tip of Hokkaido. It is a small volcanic island with a coastal line of about 7km., surrounded by steep cliffs and inhabited only by lighthouse keeper family. The breeding species consisted of Larus crassirostris, Uria aalge, Cerorhinca monocerata, Cepphus carbo and Phalacrocorax capillatus, as on Teuri I. (Kuroda, 1963). Many nest burrows of Cerorhinca were found excavated (by a dog of the lighthouse) and this puffin was apparently decreasing (but increasing at Teuri I.) judging from remains of nests on which grasses were already growing. Gull eggs were still being taken by fishermen and thus protection of the whole island is hoped. The time (May 14) was too early (the season was 10-14 days in retard this year) for Uria aalge which we saw only a few, but on May 31 some hundreds were seen by Mr. Saito. On the island some passerines on migration (both leaving winter bird such as Turdus naumanni and arriving summer birds such as Muscicapa narcissina were found). Scattered Cerorhinca and some flocks of Puffinus griseus and P. carneipes were seen in this sea area and a huge migrating flock of about 3, 000 birds (probably of the latter species) were flying northwestward off Cape Shirakami in an endless line. A flock of 300 birds of this species (definitely identified) had been observed on May 7 all making west the Tsugaru Strait.
3. Rishiri and Rebun Is. (See also 5.) situated at a little north of 45N°, west of Wakkanai, northern end of Hokkaido, were visited June 7-9, staying on Rishiri. Cerorhinca was found scattered on the sea between Wakkanai and the islands and many were non-breeding birds without the bill-nob. A small number of Puffinus tenuirostris was seen confined off Wakkanai, a great flock of about 1, 500 of P. griseus consisting of numerous small groups was making a circular movements over the sea area between Rishiri and Rebun,

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