Following the first part (on data of April 13-30), this second part describes the observation data of May 4-18, 1969 on the parental behavior of a breeding pair of Corvus macrorhynchos in middle nesting period (16-30 days after hatching).
1) The daily life of the pair was the same in general pattern as in earlier nestling period (cf. first part), but the amount of each feed for chicks carried in parents' buccal sac seemed to have increased judging foom larger swollen throat of parents.
2) With the growth of chicks, the female occasionally spent rather long time (more than 30 minutes) off the nest for her own feeding or excercise flying to some distant buildings, during which the male rests and watches at high top of a building. After along off, the female fed the chicks a few times with short intervals.
3) The female's defence drive increased with the growth of chicks. She became aggressive even against small birds such as the bulbul Hypsipetes amaurotis which may fly into her nesting gingko tree and she was observed to straightly fly back from distant building to that gingko tree which a bulbul flew in. She also at once chased away a Psittacula parakeet (an escaped cage bird) which happened to fly into that gingko tree.
4) As mentioned in the first part, the female was usually the more aggressive than the male against trespassing other crows, but when she was out for own feeding, etc., the male was seen to chase the intruder.
5) Parent birds are very nervous in this period (May 13, 14, 25 and 26 days after hatching) for protection of chicks. They continuously uttered warning 'ga, ga' note at lower branches of the nesting tree against a cat on the ground. Against approaching observer, the female came down to overhead branch, with the same 'ga' note, vigorously pecking at perch, breaking down twigs and snatching leaves which she may grasp with one foot (see photo 2 and photos in Misc. Rep. Yam. Inst. no. 41). These are displacement threat actions released against strong enemy. The male, however, only watched her from up on high branch, with continuous 'ga' notes.
6) As the chicks grow from 16 (May 4) to 30 (May 18) days after hatching, the female's off-nest time increased from 0.5-32 (av. 11.4) minutes to 6-41 (av. 19.6) minutes with the decrease in on-nest time from 1-15 (av. 8.0) minutes to 1-5 (av. 1.8) minutes; thus with the decrease of brooding rate from 41.31% to 8.80%.
7) The feeding frequency and interval varied by date and time of day and were more variable in the male, but rather constant at more or less about 14 minutes intervals or 4 times per hour when feedings by male and female are totalized (These will be analysed in later report).
8) From 17 days after hatching the parents took, after feeding, chick's feces which they stored in the buccal sac to drop from the branch of nearby tree, but this was not frequent during the observation period. In one occasion, the female didn't drop the feces and probably ate it.
9) Toward middle nestling period, female didn't remain long in the nest after feeding the chicks and thus the male and female often returned to nest in turn for feeding of chicks. If the male came back, with food in throat, and the female was still in the nest, he waited until she gets out of the nest (not passing food to her as in incubation (or brooding) period) (But, rarely he came to nest and female flew out). The female, on the other hand, would come into the nest although the male was there, and the male at once flew out of the nest (But, once the female was observed to wait until the male came out of the nest). Thus, the male and female do not feed the chicks together and the female is behaviorally slightly dominant in feeding. The female usually stayed a few minutes in the nest after feeding, but the male's feeding ended in a minute.

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1.1961年,1963年,ムクドリ(Sturnus cineraceus)と関連したコムクドリ(Sturnia philippensis)の一般的繁殖行動及び営巣場所選定の機能を明らかにする目的で,両種の繁殖期の観察を仙台市川内住宅内で行った。
2.ムクドリはこの繁殖場所に,夏鳥であるコムクドリより約1週間早く,4月上旬には到着する。
3.ムクドリは主に川内住宅付近のスギ(Cryptomeria japonica)の樹洞で繁殖する。1961年には住宅の屋根瓦の下に3つがい,1963年には4つがいが,それぞれ営巣繁殖した。
一方,コムクドリは全て住宅の屋根瓦の下の穴に営巣し,1961年には15つがい,1963年には25つがいが,それぞれ営巣繁殖した。その他,両種とも川内住宅以外の地域でも繁殖していた。
前営巣期には両種の営巣場所をめぐる種内•種間闘争が観察された。
ムクドリが営巣中のコムクドリの巣を奪った2例が観察され,このようなことから,ムクドリはコムクドリより優位であると考えられる。
4.コムクドリでは,営巣する以前に,一時的に占有する屋根瓦の下の巣穴が,広く分布しているのに比べ,営巣繁殖した巣の分布は,数住宅の屋根に集中しているのが認められた。
5.ムクドリでは,前営巣期においてスギの樹洞をめぐる闘争がみられ,この樹洞に営巣できなかったつがいが,コムクドリの営巣場所である住宅の屋根に侵入する。その結果,コムクドリとの闘争がしばしばみられた。

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昭和50年4月下旬に,北海道の石狩平野西北部でマガン約4,000羽の群とそれにまじる2羽のシジュウカラガンを発見し,この雁群は秋田県八郎潟から飛来したものであることを証明した。これによって宮城県伊豆沼で越冬する雁の群は,春の渡去の途中で第1中継地として秋田県八郎潟の水田に,第2中継地として北海道石狩平野の水田に下りて採餌及休息をすることが明らかにされた。この事実は在来の文献に記載がなく,又日本の雁の保護を考える上に資料として役立つと思われるので,ここに報告する。

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1.本論文は1974年と1975年の冬季11回に亘り,全羅南道木浦から全羅南道麗水までの南西海沿岸に渡来越冬する海鳥類を調査したものである。
2.南西沿岸を運航する定期旅行船を利用して,著者ら2人が航海中船上から種類を識別出来る可視距離内で観察した鳥類の種類と個体数を記録した。
3.2冬季11回に亘り調査で観察して海鳥類は,25種8,532個体であり,ビロードキンクロ•42.82%,ヒドリガモ•15.17%,マガモ•9.40%,セグロカモメ•5.81%,コクガン•4.08%等が,この区域の優占種であった。
4.2区域海岸で観察した海鳥類は,全南木浦～莞島間では21種,1,330個体であり,稀種コクガンが21.05%で最優占種をあらわし,次いで,セグロカモメ•17.44%,キンクロハジロ及びスズガモが各々14.66%の順位であったが,莞島～麗水間で観察した鳥類は,22種,7.202個体であり,ビロードキンクロ•50.57%がこの区域の大部分を占めており,次いでヒドリガモ•17.84%,マガモ•10.37%,セグロガモメ•3.67%,ウミアイサ•3.01%の順位であった。
5.本区域に於いても韓国南海の他の沿岸と同じく,カモ類,カイツブリ類,アビ類,カモメ類,ウ類等の優占的集団は大部分が海苔養殖場周辺に渡来越冬している。
6.特に稀種であるコクガンは,少数ながら全南莞島郡所安島,甫吉島,蘆花島等沿岸の海苔養殖場に規則的に渡来越冬している。韓国南西海沿岸には約100個体内外の集団と推算されるコクガンの群が渡来越冬している事がわかった。尚,全南莞島郡蘆花面所安島孟山里と高興郡蓬来面来羅老島新錦里海岸のタブノキ林では80体と7個体のカラスバトが各々観察され,南海岸で新棲息地を追加することができた。韓国南海沿岸に対する将来の保存と管理が切に要求される次第である。

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Observations on birds were made on Yururi and Moyururi Islands, known as natural monument of sea bird colonies, off the coast of eastern Hokkaido during the summers of 1960, 1972 and 1973. Incidental observations were also made in the adjacent waters of the islets. Yururi Island occupying an area of 168 hectares has 7.5km of coast line. Moyururi Island is smaller than the former, occupying an area of 31 hectares with the coast line 3km. Both islets are surrounded by rocky cliffs reaching a height of 20 to 30m except for a few coves such as Kato-hama and Aburakoma, where there are beachs. There are a few isolated rocks, Futatsu-jima, Nanatsu-iwa and so on, along the coasts. Both islets are generally flat at altitude of 30 to 40m above sea level (Fig. 2). Five major habitat types can be recognized (Fig. 3). On the flat top of islets there are the grassland dominated by Sasa niponica and the peat bog for Yururi Island and the grassland dominated by Sasa niponica and Calamagrostis langsdorffi for Moyururi Island. Mean temperatures at Nemuro showed 7.1°C in May, 10.0°C in June, 14.3°C in July and 17.1°C in August.
During the study a total of 29 species of birds were recorded (Table 1). In addition, other 13 species of birds have been recorded from the study area in summer: Gavia arctica, Fulmarus glacialis, Puffinus tenuirostris, Phalacrocorax pelagicus, Haliaeetus albicilla, Falco peregrinus, Rallus aquatieus, Tringa brevipes, Numenius madagascariensis, Larus hyperboreus, Uria lomvia, Aethia psittacula and Fratercula corniculata. Of them P. pelagicus have been found breeding on the rock stacks, Kamo-jima.
Fairly large sea bird colonies were located on the inaccessible rocks, on the flat-tops of steep cliffs and on the steep seaward-facing slopes (Table 2 and Fig. 6). Two to for species of sea birds occurred together on nearly all colonies except for the rocks J and M of Yururi Island, where only P. urile nested (Figs 4 and 5).
Supplementing our data by those of Haga (1973) who made a survey on the both islets in late June of 1972, it is estimated that numbers of nests containing eggs or chicks were at least 64 on Yururi Island and 150 on Moyururi Island for P. filamentosus and 170 on the former and 11 on the later for P. urile. On other hand, both species of cormorants were scarcely encountered in the adjacent waters of the islets.
The P. filamentosus colonies on Moyururi Island increased from 50 in 1959 to 65 occupied nests in 1960, furthermore to 150 in 1972, enlarging nesting grounds. The situation is very different in the P. urile colonies of the islet. Numbers of occupied nests were 25 in 1959, 35 in 1960 and increased to 60 in 1965, but decreased to 11 in 1972. There were 20 to 30 occupied nests of P. urile on the west side cliffs of Yururi Island in 1957 and 72 on the northeast side between I to P inclusive in 1960. However, changes in whole numbers of occupied nests of P. filameutosus and P. urile on Yururi Island are not clear because of the lack of sufficient information for other years or for other parts of the islet, respectively.
The two species of cormorants distinctly differed in nest sites. P. filanentosus nested on flat broad parts on the tops of rocks or cliffs, but P. urile on the narrow ledge of steep cliffs (Figs. 7 and 9). In the case of two species nesting on the same rock, the former nested on the flat-ground just above the cliffs and the later on the lower ledges (Fig. 4). The shift of nest sites by year was characteristic for P. urile. For a detailed analysis of ecological separation in other aspects described by previous workers for cormorants, sufficient information was not obtained.

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冬鳥であるカシラダカを中心に同属の冬鳥であるオオジュリンと,漂鳥のホオジロと留鳥のスズメの4種について,それぞれ,15L•9D,9L•15Dの処理を行ない,4月から10月までの暗黒時と照明時における両グループについて,カゴ内の活動量を測定した。その結果,渡り鳥であるカシラダカでは春の渡りは長日処理(15L•9D)によって早められ,秋の渡りは逆に短日処理(9D•15D)で早められるという結論を得た。またオオジュリンでは春と秋にみられる典型的な渡りのパタンは示さなかったが,カシダカに類似した型がみられた。漂鳥であるホオジロでは春の渡り期に長日処理のものは暗黒時に大きな活動量を示したが,秋の渡り期には活動量は小さく,はっきりした渡りのパタンはみられなかった。留鳥であるスズメでは夜間活動は他の3種と比べると最も少なく,渡りを特徴づけるものはまったくみられなかった。
体重の変化については,カシラダカでは春の渡り期には長日処理のものの方が短日処理のものより高かったが,秋には短日処理の方が逆に高くなった。オオジュリンではあまり顕著な増減はみられなかったが,カシラダカに類似した変化を示した。ホオジロとスズメでは餌育期間を通して体重にあまり変化がなく,渡り鳥にみられるような春秋のはっきりした変化はほとんどみられなかった。

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A bird of Zosterops erythropleura was captured and banded at Ota-yama Banding Station, Fukui Prefecture in 7th November 1974. This is the first record from Japanese Islands. The general characters of the bird coincide with the descriptions by Yamashina (1934), Dementiev et al. (1954) and Mees (1957). The characters of the bird are as follows: Measurements (mm): Wing 61; Tail 43; Exposed Culmen 9.45; Tarsus 16.90. Upper parts generally green peculiar to Zosterops, on head and rump yellowish. Throat yellow-ochre; upper breast fine silver-grey; lower breast and belly pure white; flanks dark brown russet (or chestnut). Leg pale grey; toes flesh. Bill, from tip to two third of upper mandible and tip to half of under mandible black, the rest of mandibles pale brown. Iris chestnut. According to Yamashina and Dementiev et al, the bird is probably an adult male.
Moult: The bird is moulting on throat and large wing feathers. Primaries 1st-4th fully grown, 5th score 4, 6th-9th score O; secondaries 1st score 3, 2nd-6th score O; Tertials 2nd score 4. 1st and 3rd score O (the moult score after B. T. O.'s denotation).
At Ota-Yama Banding Station, 583 and 536 Z. j. japonica were captured in 1973 and 1974, respectively, during autumn banding seasons, and we believe that the most of them were migrating from the northern breeding arears to the southern warm winter quarters. Yet, we have no observation suggesting that the bird of Z. erythropleura might mix with the flock of Z. japonica.

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A specimen of a tree sparrow bearing the warty growths of the possible avian pox in the skin was caught near the Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata City facing the Japan Sea. Histological studies were carried out to diagnose this curious growth, and comparison of the tumors of viral origin was made among the entire vertebrate classes.

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1975年8月16日,北韓36度42分,東経142度14分の本州中部沖,約150kmの東方海上で,1羽の大型シロハラミズナギドリ一種が観察撮影された。筆者らは,これをKermadec Petrel Pterodroma neglectaの淡色型であろうと判定し,F.C.Kinsky氏に写真2枚を添えて報告し意見を求めたところ,氏から本種の淡色型に近い中間型の1羽に誤りない旨の返答を得た。
本種には,暗色型,淡色型,中間型の3型があり,海上では他の大型のシロハラミズナギドリ属数種と混同されるおそれが十分にある。とくに北太平洋北西部では,この海域に渡来する大型のハジロミズナギドリP.solandriがP.neglecta暗色型に酷似するので,これら2種の野外識別が問題となる。P.neglectaの特徴は,どの体色型にも初列風切羽の白い内羽弁により形成される顕著な白または灰自色の三角班が翼下面先端にでることである。しかしこれはP.solandriの特徴でもあるので,P.neglecta暗色型とP.solandriの2種を野外で識別することは近距離以外ほとんど不可能になる。
基亜種はケルマデックとロードハウ諸島に繁殖する。本種の非繁殖期の渡りについてはほとんど知られていないが,1967年1月19日,ケルマデック諸島のNorth Meyer島でバンデングされた1羽が,1974年10月7日にフイリッピンのSan Marianoで回収されている。この1例と今回の観察記録は,本種に北太平洋北西部海域に達する長距離の渡りがあることを暗示するものであろう。
本種の和名は黒田長久氏(1973)^***によりカワリシロハラミズナギドリと命名されている。
終りに,写真検討の労をとられ種の同定にご協力いただき,あわせて有益な情報をよせられたニュージーランド国立博物館のF.C.Kinsky氏,並びに調査にご協力いただいた東京大学海洋研究所白鳳丸乗組員各位に深く感謝の意を表する。

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1) The mortality of the Shearwaters in 1975, especially the Slenderbilled Shearwaters, were surveyed by the questionnaire method. The questionnaires were recovered from 263 persons (Recovery rate 13%), and more than 80% of them were from the members of Japan Wild Birds Society and Japanese Association for Preservation of Birds.
2) The number of the dead shearwaters, according to the questionnaire of 1975, was approximately 19.768, the number of birds found in emaciated condition was 787, and the number found afloat was 14, 924.
The recorded species were Slender-billed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris (account for 76, 2% of all dead and emaciated Shearwaters), Streaked Shearwater Calonectris leucomeas (account for 0.8%), Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus (account for 0.6%), Pale-footed Shearwater Puffinus carneipes and Wedged-tailed Shearwater Puffinus pacificus. (Among these, the species account for 22.4% of all the dead and emaciated birds were indistinct.)
3) The dead Shearwaters were distributed in the districts along the Pacific Coast, from Kagoshima Prefecture to Hokkaido. The distribution of the dead Slender-billed Shearwaters that have the highest death rate cover 15 Prefectures from Kagoshima Prefecture to Hokkaido.
4) According to the survey, most of the dead Slender-billed Shearwaters were recorded from the beginning of May to the beginning of July, and the time of great mortality seems to lag in the northern districts.
Throughout the country, the times of highest shearwater mortality were from the beginning (56.2%) to the middle (26.2%) of June.
5) Many of the people who have answered the questionnaires reported that the stomachs were empty when they dissected the dead shearwaters. However, few of them reported that such things as coal tar, sand, pebbles, piece of wood and styrofoam etc. were found in the stomach. According to the result of the dissection in 5 cases, there were no external wounds, and all were juveniles.
6) It was reported that the shearwaters were found feeding in the corfs in some part of the districts.
7) The mortality of the Slender-billed Shearwaters before 1975 has been recorded mainly in 1973 and 1974, and in 1962, 1964, 1969, 1970 and 1971, mortality was recorded only in one part of the district (City of Sendai). Especially, the record of 1964 accord with the report of Dr. Nagahisa Kuroda on the mortality of the Shearwaters (1967).
Also, the record of 1964 showed that the dead Shearwaters were distributed as far north as the Tohoku District.
8) The distribution of the dead Slender-billed Shearwaters in 1974 and 1975 further extended to Tohoku and Hokkaido compared with the record of the distribution of 1966 and 1973, and there seemed to be a tendency that the time of the mortality lag according to the extension of the distribution.

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