クマゲラ(Dryocopus martius martius)は日本では,これまで北海道にのみ生息するとされていたが,川口(1935)が本州北部の秋田県八幡平で1羽のクマゲラを捕獲し,本州にもクマゲラが生息することを確認した。このことは鳥類の地理分布を考察するうえで,きわめて貴重なものである。
川口(1935)のクマゲラ発見以後,本種は長い間,本州のどこにも発見されなかったが,地元の庄司国千代氏が1970年森吉山のふもとの太平湖近くで本種の巣を発見した。その後泉(1975)が庄司氏とともに森吉山のブナ伐採跡地で本種の雄個体を認め,数枚の写真に記録した。
その後著者等はブナ林及びその周辺の伐採跡地で本種の生態調査を行っている。特に,1975年4月から1976年10月にわたって,本種の採餌行動を記録した(Fig.3～Fig.7)。
更に,秋田県野鳥の会有志とともに,ブナ林中の調査を行い,クマゲラが冬期採食のため穴けた,顕著な食痕をブナ及びサワグルミで認めた。
以上の調査結果から,著者等は本州ではきわめてまれであり,学術的に貴重なクマゲラをいかにしたら保護出来,いかにしたら本種の生息環境を林業との関連のもとに保全出来るかを目下検討中である。

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In 1977 the authors had an opportunity to examine the specimens of Mallophaga collected from a Japanese White Stork, Ciconia ciconia boyciana Swinhoe, 1976 captured in Akita Pref., Japan. They were identified with three species: Colpocephalum zebra Burmeister, 1838, Neophilopterus incompletus (Denny, 1842), and Ardeicola ciconiae (Linne, 1758); and none of these species has been recorded in Japan. Therefore the new descriptions and illustration of these three species will be given in the present paper.

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Histoenzymological profiles have been studied of the feather-forming tissues in the Blue Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) under functional athyroidism induced by thiouracil feeding. Feathers were plucked from the ventrum covering the pectoral and abdominal tracts. In control birds, as well as those under replacement therapy, new feathers emerged outside the follicles on the 7th day after such plucking and were fully formed by the 30th day. In the experimental birds, these two phases of feather development were delayed and seen on the 25th and 60th days respectively.
Activities of alkaline and acid phosphatases; glucose-6-phosphate, succinate, malate and lactate dehydrogenases (G-6-PDH: SDH; MDH & LDH) during various stages of feather development in the birds under the three different conditions were also evaluated histochemically. Acid phosphatase and LDH activities were not affected adversely by athyroidism, but those of alkaline phosphatase, G-6-PDH, SDH and MDH, all recognised as essential for supporting normal development of feathers, were significantly reduced.
It is suggested that athyroidism retards feather development through adverse metabolic effects exerted as a result of decreased activities in a number of key enzymes.

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1.1974年夏,北海道斜里郡小清水町のオホーツク海沿岸に表面上同所的に生息するオオジュリンとシマアオジの採食場所を調査した。調査面積は約11haである。
2.調査地の植生は,牧草地,好湿性植物群落,ハマナスの灌木草原の3つに大別されるが,優占植物の形状によって11のタイプに細分した。
3.調査地にオオジュリンとシマアオジが初めて定着したのは,各々,4月23日,5月6日で13日間の隔たりがあったが,実際の繁殖時期はほぼ一致していた。
4.営巣場所は,オオジュリンがヨシ優占地のBタイプかその近隣であったのに対し,シマアオジはヨシがまばらなCタイプの植生であった。
5.採食した場所の水平分布は,オオジュリンではBタイプの植生に集中する傾向があったが,シマアオジは調査地全体に分散し,低丈草本のEタイプの利用が顕著であった。
6.両種とも採食はほとんど植被のある地上で行なったが,植生別にみると傾向がかなり異なる。すなわち,オオジュリンはBタイプで圧倒的に多く採食(59.5%)した。一方,シマアオジはB,C両タイプで同程度(各々,34.4%,37.4%),オオジュリンではきわめて頻度の低い(2.1%)Eタイプをかなり利用している(12.2%)。
7.植物上での採食も少々みられた(オオジュリン9.7%,シマアオジ5.5%)が,A,B両タイプではオオジュリンのみである。オオジュリンがBタイプのヨシでみせるような上下移動はシマアオジには認められなかった。この採食習性の違いが数字の差となって現われたといえる。

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1.1976年11月18日から27日まで小笠原父島,母島に滞在し,その間陸上鳥類の観察を行なった。
2.できるかぎり多くの種を観察するために,いろいろの環境を調査し,陸上で観察された海鳥を含めて31種を同定した。
3.各種についての観察記録を示し,説明した。小笠原諸島から初記録の種は,クロトキ,オオバン,ハマシギであった。

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A particular female Whooper Swan Cygnus c. cygnus, wintering at the well known swan and other waterfowls resort, lake Hyoko, was kept under observation in 1976-77 winter. Here the swans and waterfowls are well tamed by artificial feeding. This particular female arrived at Hyoko in late December with her mate and 2 cygnets. In my first observation in December, her crown seemed to be somewhat unkempt, but it was not so curious.
As the time went by her crown feathers became longer. This changing process is shown by Plates 13-16.

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During the period covered by this report, 56, 062 birds of 174 species were banded at the thirty banding stations which are scattering over 17 prefectures from the northernmost part of Hokkaido to the western end of Yamaguchi Prefecture (see Fig. 1 and Table 1.)
The numbers of birds banded and re-caputured by banding station are shown respectively in Table 2, and Table 3.
Birds which were banded at a banding station and caught again at the same area next season or thereafter are called here 'returns'. During this period, a total of 2, 303 returns of 24 species was recorded. The data of returns are shown by individual bird, and by bird banding station.
Recoveries of birds banded are totaled to 206 birds of 26 species of which 74 individuals of 13 species were reported from abroad, but only one domestic recovery of the banded abroad was obtained during the period.
Among the above recoveries, the specially interested are described under the item 'Notable Recoveries'. In the explanation to the recoveries, the widely believed migration route of thrushes and buntings right across the Japan Sea is questioned by the author because of no evidence from bird banding that supports the hypothesis.

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