In early modern Japan’s samurai society, academic studies themselves were often dismissed as effeminate. Even when Confucian scholars were appointed, they typically served as tutors to the feudal lord rather than focusing on the education of samurai. However, by the 18th century, various movements－ such as the establishment of domain schools for samurai education－ began to emerge across various domains. In the Hiroshima Domain, which is the focus of this paper, the appointment of Confucian scholars occurred relatively early. Furthermore, by the latter half of the 18th century, the Hiroshima domain also established a “Gakumonsho” (Academy) where samurai education was conducted. This paper will first describes the trends in appointing Confucian scholars that led to the establishment of the Hiroshima domain’s “Gakumonsho” as well as the formation process of the ‘Kōgakusho’ (Lecture Hall). It then details the establishment of the “Gakumonsho” and its subsequent specific educational content. This will clarify how the importance of samurai education increased within the Hiroshima domain. The reason for focusing on the Hiroshima domain is because it was a large Tozama domain (with a yield of over 420,000 koku) that, as noted, appointed Confucian scholars at an early stage. It also experienced the Tenmei prohibition of heterodox studies earlier than elsewhere, which later came to influence the Kansei prohibition of heterodox studies by the shogunate. Therefore, Hiroshima serves as an indispensable case study for research on domain schools in general.

Jean Baudrillard explores the postmodern theory of the information society as a further development of semiotic postmodern research. This paper provides a schematic understanding of Baudrillard’s critique of dialectics by focusing on Baudrillard’s idea of ‘seduction’. Neither Baudrillard’s idea of ‘seduction’ nor Baudrillard’s critique of Hegel’s dialectics has received much attention. Baudrillard explored thinking ‘outside’ Hegel’s dialectic as the backbone of his research. Baudrillard and Georges Bataille argue that there must be experiences that (potentially) crack the totality of the system of thought in Hegel’s dialectic, which never stagnates. In other words, it becomes the irrational, Bataille’s ‘The Accursed Share’. Baudrillard thus shows, as an example, the development of rules, laws and criteria in the study of seduction, as opposed to Hegel’s dialectical development of positive, negative and sublation. Baudrillard also shows the flattening through simulation, the ‘symbolic exchange’ of terrorism as a reaction to flattening, and the further development of simulation. In the above, we can find a new model of critique of Baudrillard’s dialectic.

This study empirically analyzes the relationship between the number of donors (supporters) and project characteristics in crowdfunding donation. In the analysis, I used variables representing the presence and frequency of various character strings as linguistic information contained in project names and descriptions. The analysis of 277 projects revealed that the use of certain character strings in project names and descriptions increases or decreases the number of donors.

In this study, we developed a program capable, in principle, of constructing magic squares of any order greater than or equal to three by employing recursive calls. By incorporating various optimization techniques, including parallelization, the proposed program is able to enumerate all solutions for the fifth-order case within a practical computation time, and to obtain partial solutions for the sixth-order case.

Contamination of river water by hexavalent chromium has been reported in developing countries, making it important to secure good drinking water sources. In order to make remove the hexavalent chromium, we investigated a treatment method using iron or iron + sulfuric acid, or reagent of iron sulfate (II). When we investigated detoxification methods using simulated contaminated water with 0.3 mg/L of hexavalent chromium, we determined that the method using iron sulfate is simple and easy method for the developing nation.

There is a demand for the restoration of “clean and abundant seas” in Ise Bay and the Seto Inland Sea, but there has not been much research attempting to provide a theoretical explanation for why the seas have become poor, or why they have not returned to a rich state despite the reduction in land load through the reduction of total water pollution load. In this study, a sub-model was incorporated into a simple coastal ocean water quality ecosystem model in which the mortality rate of bivalves and zooplankton is affected by the oxygen concentration in the bottom layer of the ocean, and an investigation was conducted into whether a regime shift would occur as the land load increased. The equilibrium solution was obtained using the Newton-Raphson method, and the linear stability at the equilibrium point was analyzed from the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix. We also obtained asymptotic solutions by time integration calculations and compared the stability of the systems. As a result, it was confirmed that regime shifts occurred within a certain range of land load values depending on changes in the parameters of the sub-model, and that unstable solutions existed between stable equilibrium solutions with step-like discontinuous values. This research is a first step, and we hope that it will help to advance full-scale theoretical research in the future.