Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 2186-3113
Print ISSN : 0029-8131
ISSN-L : 0029-8131
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Volume 23, Issue 6
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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  • On the Energy Exchange between the Atmosphere and the Sea East of Japan
    Keinosuke MOTOHASHI, Michitaka UDA
    1967 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 267-277
    Published: December 31, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5928/kaiyou1942.23.267
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The energy exchange between the atmosphere and the sea at the the selected six stations east of Japan has been studied for the period 1960-1962, within the limited months (September-April). The monthly variations of total energy exchange and sea surface temperature throughout the three years 1960-1962 indicated the increase or decrease of sea surface temperature following about two months after the decrease or increase of total energy exchange. The amount of total energy exchange (Qa) and the difference of atmospheric “corepressure” between the Siberian High and the Aleutian Low (Δp) are closely correlated in the following: Qa= [f (φ)g (t)] Δp, where the proportional coefficient depending on latitude (φ) and month (t) is denoted as f (φ) ·g (t) and practically f (φ) is replaced by (-aφ+a). This equation suggests that the total energy exchange over the sea east of Japan can be predicted quantitatively from the atmospheric pressure distribution. Basing on the heat budget, the estimated cooling due to the advection of Oyashio current in colder season is most remarkable during December, and the sea east of Japan is subdivided into two characteristic areas by about Lat. 37°30'N, namely, the southern area influenced more by the Kuroshio and the northern area influenced more by the Oyashio.
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  • Aerodynamic Theory of Wave Growth with Constant Wave Steepness
    James W. DEARDORFF
    1967 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 278-297
    Published: December 31, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5928/kaiyou1942.23.278
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Equations for the transfer of momentum and energy from air to water are applied to the “dominant” waves whose properties are defined statistically.
    A growth rate consistent with that observed for “young” waves comes from assuming the dominant waves to have constant steepness during growth, and from assuming a constant form-drag coefficient Cf0 for these waves. When referred to a level of 10 meters Cf0 is only about 20 percent of the skin friction coefficient Css, for a smooth surface (Css≅. 0008). This constant value for Cf0 begins to apply for fetches greater than about 15 m and wavelengths greater than about 10cm. It gives growth of dominant-wave height as t2/3 and x1/2 for the duration-and fetch-limited cases, respectively.
    When appied to a sinusoidal wave of constant length and growing steepness, this aero-dynamic theory gives the respective growth-rate forms of Phillips' and Miles' theories upon making the appropriate assumption about Cf0. The value of Cf0 found for young waves (Cf0=1.7×10-4) implies the value β=1.4 for Miles' sheltering coefficient, s=. 011 for Jeffrey's sheltering coefficient, and Cdw=1.3×10-4 for Stewart's wave-drag coefficient applied to the dominant waves.
    The approach toward equilibrium wave height is treated by referring the dominant-wave form drag to the wind-minus-wave speed at the r. m. s. crest level. The theory cannot explain dominant-wave speeds greater than the average wind speed at this level.
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  • A Differential Method of Analysis for Trivalent and Hexavalent Chromium in Sea-water
    Rinnosuke FUKAI, Danièle VAS
    1967 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 298-305
    Published: December 31, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5928/kaiyou1942.23.298
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A differential method of analysis for trivalent and hexavalent chromium in sea-water was developed. The principle of the method depends on independent measurements of two equivalent samples from the same water sample, one treated by direct coprecipitation of chromium with iron hydroxide and the other by a similar coprecipitation after reduction of hexavalent chromium with sodium sulfite. During the analytical procedures the recovery of chromium is checked by adding chromium-51 as a radioactive tracer. Finally, chromium is estimated spectrophotometrically on the coloration with diphenylcarbazide reagent. The lower limit of quantitative determination of chromium by this method is around 0.02μg Cr/l. The standard deviations of the results obtained by this method for trivalent and hexavalent chromium in microgram quantities are estimated to be around 15 and 20 percent, respectively.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1967 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 306-307
    Published: December 31, 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5928/kaiyou1942.23.306
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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