Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 2186-3113
Print ISSN : 0029-8131
ISSN-L : 0029-8131
Volume 26, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
  • Iwao HOSOKAWA, Fumio OHSHIMA, Norihiko KONDO
    1970 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
    Published: February 28, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    When river water mixes with sea water in estuary area, the concentrations of the dissolved element in river water may be changed by either a simple physical mixing process or some complex chemical processes. It has been clarified in the Chikugogawa River estuary area that the change in concentrations of SO42-, BO33-, Mg2+, Ca2+and F-is only due to the mixing process but the change in concentrations of SiO32-and Al3+is due to the chemical process in addition to the mixing process.
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  • On the Metabolic Activities of Inorganic Nitrogen Compounds by the Microorganisms as a Whole
    Yoichi YOSHIDA, Masao KIMATA
    1970 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 6-10
    Published: February 28, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The distribution of inorganic nitrogen compounds and the metabolic rates of these compounds by microorganisms as a whole were investigated in the Seas of Hiuchi and Bingo.
    The results obtained are as follows:
    1. Of inorganic nitrogen compounds, the contents in sea water, those in bottom muds, the uptake or liberation rates of microorganisms as a whole in sea water, and the liberation rates from bottom muds to sea water are 0.2-4.0μg at.N/l, 3-60μg at.N/100g, 0.01-0.5μg at.N//lhr, and 0.3-1.9μg at.N/100 cm2/hr, respectively, and these contents or rates of ammonia usually are the largest of these inorganic nitrogen compounds.
    2. From the above-mentioned results and the others, it is suggested that the nitrogen in the seas circulates mainly in sea water itself and the course of nitrogen cycle, which passes through bottom muds, is not so important, and further that, of the cycle of inorganic nitrogen compounds, the main course is the course which ammonia is liberated from organic nitrogen compounds and it is immediately uptaked by microorganisms, and the course which it is oxdized to nitrate and the others are not so important.
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  • Fumihiro KOGA
    1970 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 11-21
    Published: February 28, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This species is the neritic animal in warm waters, especially a large number of the species appear in the tide pool in spring to summer season. The species has the adaptability to the environment, namely, the species is eurythermal and euryhaline organism.
    Each nauplius stage ofT. japonicuschanged into the next stage in 18 to 20 hours. After hatching the nauplius developed into the copepodite stage in 3 to 5 days. The nauplius is disk-shaped in outline. A small antennule is 3-segmented. The antenna and mandible are the assistant oral organs for foods rather than swimming ones. On the antenna the coxa has the process with the strong cutting edge, the basipodite is extremely small, the long endopodite has a hook and a seta ventrally, and a hook, a seta and a spine terminally, and the long exopodite has the setae of which the number was changed according to the stage. On the mandible the coxa with a seta is a bulge. The endopodite is a small mound, on this mound there are a strong hook and a few setae which were changed according to the stage. The exopodite has a ventral seta and a small and a long thick terminal setae. The caudal appendages are rudimentary. The maxillule first appears as a seta on the 2nd stage.
    On the copedite stage ofT. japonicusthe segment of body is short. The cephalothoracic segments are indistinguishable from the abdominal segments. It is the character of Harpacticoida that the antennules are small. On this copedodite there are 6 stages as in the nauplius, but the last stage is the adult stage. The 1st and the 2nd stages changed into the next stage in 18 to 20 hours as in the nauplius. The 3rd to the 5th stages changed into the next stage within 1 day. After hatching the nauplius developed into the adult by 10 days. The period of each stage fluctuates according to the amount of foods which were supplied to the animal. On the starved condition the development of this animal does not occur by any means.
    The most of male have mated with the adult female, but some of them mated with the earlier stage, especially the 2nd copepodite stage female. The female which developed into the adult produced the first brood in a few minutes to 3 days. A period of the adult stage is assumed 1 to 2 months.
    A female produced 5-10 broods. After hatching of the brood the next brood was bred in a few minutes to 1 day. The female which was 0.9 mm in the mean length produced 30 eggs per a brood.
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  • Ryuji KIMURA, Nobuhiko MISAWA
    1970 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 22-37
    Published: February 28, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Laboratory experiments were made to examine some characteristics of a radiation thermometer (PRT 14-313, Barnes Engineering Company). Effect of nonblackness of the water surface and a large temperature difference between the water and the air above it were investigated.
    Sea surface temperatures were then measured by the radiation thermometer, thermistor thermometers and a mercury thermometer from a marine tower. The result showed that the temperature at the air-sea interface was not always cooler. than the subsurface temperature. The standard deviation of difference of temperatures measured by the radiation thermometer and the thermistor thermometer was 0.44°C. The dependence of the temperature difference on various factors was investigated with the result that current velocity had a good correlation with the temperature difference.
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  • Humitake SEKI, Michael HARDON
    1970 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 38-51
    Published: February 28, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Studies in marine microbiology relevant to the cultivation of lobster in Fatty Basin were made.
    Biomass of bacteria and allied microorganisms in whole seawater column of the basin was very small (2×104gC), but a large biomass was found in the sediments (3×105gC).
    The decomposition of chitin occurred chiefly in the sediments. The rate of decomposition (500 g/day) was approximately half of the rate of production. However, the remaining production was considered not to be involved in the chitin cycle of the basin. This hypothesis was supported by the results of the analysis of the budget of organic matter in the area.
    Shell disease of lobster caused by chitinoclastic bacteria was detected, although it was not serious. A destructive yeast parasite of crustaceans, Metschnikowia, was collected only from a crab in the basin.
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  • An Attempt to the Approximate Figures of Seasonal Solar Energy reached to and penetrated in the Water of the Three Oceans
    Kanau MATSUIKE, Tsutomu MORINAGA, Tadayoshi SASAKI
    1970 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 52-60
    Published: February 28, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    An attempt to the approximate figures of seasonal distribution of solar energy reached to and penetrated in the water of the oceans, as a preliminary step to the estimation of primary production in the oceans from the optical point, was performed in the Indian Ocean, North Pacific Ocean and Antarctic Ocean on the same lines in the part III. In consequence, the total amount of solar energy for the year in each depth showed marked differences in each zone of the oceans as illustrated in Fig. 5. By way of example, it could be said that underwater solar energy already came to 33.4 Kg·cal/cm2·year in 10 m deep in the equator of Indian Ocean and was 54 % of that, in the Kuroshio region of the North Pacific Ocean, 44% in the Sub-Antarctic zone, 13 % in the Antarctic zone and 6% in the Antarctic Convergence zone, respectively.
    Besides, on the assumption that a lower limit of the photic zone is marked by the depth where underwater surface solar energy is reduced to 1% or 5g·cal/cm2·day, the ratio of the total photic zone for the year in unit area of sea surface was approximately 100: 80: 60: 25 or 100: 75: 50: 20 in the equator of the Indian Ocean, Kuroshio region, Sub-Antarctic zone, and Antarctic and Antarctic Convergence zones, respectively.
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  • Jotaro MASUZAWA
    1970 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 61-64
    Published: February 28, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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