Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 2186-3113
Print ISSN : 0029-8131
ISSN-L : 0029-8131
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Volume 35, Issue 5
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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  • Discussion on the Critical Wind Speed for Wind-Wave Generation on the Basis of Shear-Flow Instability Theory
    Sanshiro KAWAI
    1979 Volume 35 Issue 5 Pages 179-186
    Published: November 30, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1007/BF02108637
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Observed critical wind speeds for the generation of wind waves are compared with those derived from a shear-flow instability theory. The theory predicts that the critical wind speed depends on the fetch and, for the case of infinite fetch, it is 93 cm s-1 at 30 cm above the mean water surface, which agrees well with observations at sufficiently large fetch. For water containing soap, the much larger critical wind speeds which are observed cannot be explained by the reduction of surface tension alone. A qualitative discussion suggests that the elasticity of surface films of soap can effectively increase the critical wind speed.
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  • Deep Water Characteristics of the Maui Basin
    Robert R HARVEY, J Ronald V ZANEVELD, Robert BARTZ
    1979 Volume 35 Issue 5 Pages 187-190
    Published: November 30, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1007/BF02108638
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A profile of conductivity, temperature and optical clarity in the Maui Basin shows several interesting features. A monotonic decrease in transmissivity with depth is explained by the compressibility of sea water, the variation of index of refraction with depth and the suggestion of increasing particle concentration with depth. A 400-m-thick bottom layer exhibits anomalous values of optical transmissivity, salinity and temperature, suggesting that Maui Basin is stagnant below the 400-m sill depth.
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  • The Incorporation of Minor Transition Metals into Marine Manganese Nodules
    Noburu TAKEMATSU
    1979 Volume 35 Issue 5 Pages 191-198
    Published: November 30, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1007/BF02108639
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The mechanisms of incorporation of minor transition metals into marine manganese nodules are discussed on the basis of differential chemical leaching.
    A small portion of iron and manganese in deep-sea nodules was dissolved in dilute acetic acid. Hydrogenous cobalt and nickel in nodules were also slightly leached with the acid solution, while 50-60 % of hydrogenous copper and zinc were leached. This difference suggests that the greater parts of hydrogenous cobalt and nickel are present in the lattices of manganese oxide phases, while the major parts of hydrogenous copper and zinc are present in the sorption sites of manganese oxide phases.
    The enrichment of minor transition metals in manganese nodules may be controlled by their substitution for manganese atoms in manganese oxide lattices after their sorption on manganese oxide phases.
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  • Differential Sorption of Organic Matter by Various Sized Sediment Particles in Recent Sediment from the Bering Sea
    Eiichiro TANOUE, Nobuhiko HANDA
    1979 Volume 35 Issue 5 Pages 199-208
    Published: November 30, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1007/BF02108640
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    A recent unconsolidated marine sediment collected from the Aleutian basin of the Bering Sea (57°02.9'N, 176°57.4'W) was separated into eight size fractions by sieving. Each of the fractions was analyzed for density, organic carbon, total nitrogen and various organic materials. A detailed analysis of the correlation of organic carbon and total nitrogen to the mean diameter of the particles separated, indicated that the surface sorption processes of organic matter were the determinative factor controlling the concentration of organic carbon and total nitrogen on silt and clay particles of the sediments.
    Selective sorption of amino acids was found to occur in the 8-20 and 5-8μm fractions of the sediment. This is assumed to be due to their surface active property.
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  • Observed Relationship between the Drag Coefficient, Cd, and Stability Parameter, (-z/L)
    Tatsuo KONISHI, Tosio NAN-NITI
    1979 Volume 35 Issue 5 Pages 209-214
    Published: November 30, 1979
    Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1007/BF02108641
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Momentum and heat flux were measured with a sonic anemometer at the Marine Observation Tower in the port of Ito. Under unstable conditions (Tw-Ta=3°C-4°C), using the eddy correlation method, results show thatCd=(1.2±0.3)×10-3andCh=(1.5±0.3)×10-3 at 5.5 m above mean sea level except for the case of weak winds.
    An unexpected relationship betweenCdand (-z/L) was observed, that is, Cddecreases as (-z/L) increases. If roughness variation over the sea is taken into account, we can explain the decrease in the range of (-z/L) less than 1, but not in the range greater than 1. This is due to a strong instability effect and the change of roughness class, from moderately rough to smooth.
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