Ocean biogeochemical general circulation models (B-GCMs), which are general circulation models coupled with simple biogeochemical processes, was developed during the early l990s. B-GCM can deal with the physical and biogeochemical processes together and make simulatiouts which are "directly" compared with the tracer distributions, such as phosphate, dissolved oxygen, δ
13C, Δ
14C, and so On, measured by many oceanographic expeditions. The study using B-GCM has clarified the relation between biological pump and the global nutrient distribtutions, and has estimated the production rates and life time of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC). B-GCM can be used for the estimation of the ocean uptake of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide. B-GCM can also be a powerful tool of paleoceanography.
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