巻号一覧
1 巻 (1975)
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1 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の20件中1～20を表示しています
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油川 博, 斉藤 浩一, 星野 照彦1975 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 229-234
発行日: 1975/05/10
公開日: 2009/10/21
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of ultrasonic vibration on free convective heat transfer from an inclined plate in water is experimentally investigated. A heat transfer surface made of copper plate is electrically heated. Its surface area is 50 × 50 mm2. The heat transfer surface faces downward in the water. The ultrasonic frequency used in this experiment is 28 kHz and the range of ultrasonic intensity of transducer used is from 0.1 Watt/ cm2 to 0.48 Watt/cm2.
The following facts were confirmed by these experiments.
1) When the angle between inclined heat transfer surface and the direction of ultrasonic irradiation is about 60 degrees, the heat transfer coefficient takes maximum value.
2) A primary factor in the increase in heat transfer coefficient with ultrasonic vibration is that the thermal boundary layer is disrupted by the rapid and erratic motion of cavitation bubble formed on the heat transfer surface.
3) The component of ultrasonic intensity perpendicular to the heat transfer surface is an important factor in the increase in heat transfer rate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5779K) -
森 茂, 新家 武雄, 榊原 三樹男, 谷本 明1975 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 235-240
発行日: 1975/05/10
公開日: 2009/10/21
ジャーナル フリーFor the case where constant heat flux or constant temperature was given at both outer surfaces of parallel plates, a theoretical analysis was made, assuming that temperature distribution at inner surface was represented by a power series.
For example, numerical calculations of the theoretical result were carried out for several conditions at Pé= 500. Influences of wall thickness and ratio of thermal conductivity of wall to that of fluid on distributions of interfacial temperature and local Nusselt number were examined concretely. For the case of constant heat flux, the influence was significant for large values of the conductivity ratio. For the case of constant temperature, on the contrary, the influence was significant for small values.
Experiments were carried out for the case of constant temperature at the outer surfaces. The experimental results were in good agreement with theoretical values.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1013K) -
三浦 邦夫, 三浦 隆利, 大谷 茂盛1975 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 241-246
発行日: 1975/05/10
公開日: 2009/10/21
ジャーナル フリーAlthough the effect of surrounding droplets on heat and mass transfer from a droplet is essentially important for the design of spray dryers, few experimental or theoretical studies have been made. To study this problem, heat and mass flux from a water droplet placed in the following three arrays were measured. They were then compared with those measured without surrounding glass beads. (1) A droplet was placed downstream at various distances from a glass bead along the flow (series type). (2) A droplet was placed at the center between two glass beads across the flow (parallel type). (3) A droplet was placed downstream of two glass beads (zig-zag type).
Mass flux was determined from the change of droplet diameter by using a photographic technique, and heat flux was considered to be equal to the amount of latent heat transfer.
Heat and mass transfer coefficient, namely Nu and Sh, obtained in the above three arrays were compared with Nu0 and Sh0 determined without the surrounding glass beads. As a result, the ratio of Nu/Nu0 in series type was found to be a function of b/dg and dp/dg, where b, dg, and dp are respectively the distance between surfaces of a droplet and glass bead, the diameter of a glass bead, and the diameter of water droplet. On the other hand, in parallel type, Nu and Sh were not affected by the presence of glass beads. In the zig-zag type, they were also not affected when the ratio of droplet diameter to distance between surfaces of two glass beads was smaller than 2. However, when this ratio exceeded 4, the value of Nu/ Nu0 took a constant value of 0.57.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3305K) -
寺田 哲朗, 五嶋 泰洋1975 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 247-251
発行日: 1975/05/10
公開日: 2009/10/21
ジャーナル フリーVacuum drying of electrical insulation paper layer was studied by measuring water-vapor pressure inside the layer. Two kinds of samples were arranged to make vapor flow perpendicular and parallel to the layer. The former, 12 mm and 20 mm in thickness, were conditioned at 120-150°C, and the latter 100-972 mm in length, at 120°C. The track of water-vapor pressure p appeared around a common curve when plotted on abscissa axis of θ/ (hAl2/D0), where θ is drying time, h is a geometrical factor, L is total thickness or length, D0 is permeability of water vapor through the layer in molecular flow region, and A is a factor proportional to water adsorption capacity of the paper at a given temperature. dp/dθ was proportional to p2-k, by theory and approximately by observation, where k is a factor in equation w=αpk, and w is equilibrium water content. Under experimental conditions of small water content, in which temperature of samples was adjustable within a constant level, the observed results can be treated as a non-linear equation of diffusion.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (899K) -
碇 醇, 村田 公子1975 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 252-256
発行日: 1975/05/10
公開日: 2009/10/21
ジャーナル フリーThe rate of hydrolysis of xylan was measured under boiling conditions. The variation of the concentrations of insoluble polymer, oligomer and reducing sugar with time is shown at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 N citric acid.
By a hypothetical mechanism of the hydrolysis of xylan, the rate equations are derived. The constants in these equations have been determined.
The distillation curves of furfural were obtained in the simple distillation of an aqueous solution of citric acid containing xylan.
It can be considered that a large portion of the reducing sugar, which is formed from the xylan of rice straw, is xylose. On the assumption that the reducing sugar is xylose, the mechanism of the hydrolysis of xylan is connected with that of the formation and distillation of furfural from xylose.
Six simultaneous differential equations derived from the combined mechanism are solved numerically. The calculated distillation curves of furfural are found to reproduce the experimental ones.
After comparison of the distillation curve of furfural from mash with that from xylose and that from xylan, it is deduced that furfural in distilled spirit is derived mostly from pentose dissolved in the liquid portion of the mash.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (863K) -
竹内 寛, 前田 喜朗, 伊藤 和男1975 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 257-261
発行日: 1975/05/10
公開日: 2009/10/21
ジャーナル フリーAbsorption of SO2 in various alkaline solutions was carried out at the concentrations of 2, 0003, 000ppm by using a continuous stirred vessel with free liquid surface. Experimental results were in good agreement with theoretical prediction based on the theory for gas absorption with instantaneous reaction. However, it was found that the mechanism of gas absorption in aqueous NaOH solutions varied with the ratio of concentration of reactant in the bulk liquid to that of dissolved gas at the interface.
Simultaneous absorption of SO2 and CO2 was also performed for the lean gas mixture close to the composition of stack gas, and SO2 was absorbed selectively by the presence of CO2. The experimental results can be explained satisfactorily by a theoretical equation based on a model with two reaction planes, at which SO2 and CO2 respectively react with the ionic species.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (919K) -
豊倉 賢, 山添 勝已1975 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 262-266
発行日: 1975/05/10
公開日: 2009/10/21
ジャーナル フリーSecondary nucleation rate in an aluminum potassium sulfate supersaturated solution passed through a multifluidized and packed crystal beds and a fixed single crystal were observed by the direct count of nucleated crystals for the range of temperature 25.531.7°C. Waiting time for secondary nucleation were concluded to be zero from the discussion under the assumption that growth rates of the nucleated crystal observed in this study were extrapolated to the nuclei. Secondary nucleation rate (number per unit surface of seed crystal unit time) was correlated against 3.3 power of supersaturated concentration and 2.5 power of Reynolds number from tests of both fluidized and packed crystal beds of multi-seed crystals, but absolute rates in the fluidized bed were twelve times those in the fixed bed. Secondary nucleation rate by a fixed single crystal is also discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (867K) -
竹内 寛, 前田 喜朗, 恩田 格三郎1975 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 267-271
発行日: 1975/05/10
公開日: 2009/10/21
ジャーナル フリーThe performance of a packed bubble column operated in countercurrent and cocurrent manner was investigated and compared with that of an unpacked bubble column. The column was a 10 cm i.d. acrylic tube packed with Raschig rings of 0.8, 1.27 and 2.54 cm. The gas hold-up, the pressure drop, the apparent dispersion coefficients, the liquid-phase capacity coefficients of mass transfer and the gas-liquid interfacial area were measured. As the effects of the use of packings, it was found that the values of the capacity coefficient for the packed bubble column become similar to those for the bubble column because of the reduction of liquid mixing, and that an increase of gas hold-up results in an increase of the interfacial areas.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (779K) -
平間 利昌, 石田 〓, 白井 隆1975 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 272-276
発行日: 1975/05/10
公開日: 2009/10/21
ジャーナル フリーThe lateral dispersion coefficient of particles Dsr, was measured by an unsteady-state method in three kinds of rectangular fluidized beds of three kinds of solid particles. The height db as well as the rising velocity ub of the bubble were also measured by an optical fiber probe under the same experimental conditions.
The experimental data of Dsr were correlated as
Dsr = 0.14fwubdb (Lmf/B) -0.4
where Lmf is the bed height at incipient fluidization, B is the width of the bed and fw is the ratio of wake volume to bubble volume.
When ub and db are not available, the following experimental equation was found to be of practical use :
Dsr= 0.16fwg0.05Lmf0.5B0.55 (u0-umf) 0.9
where g is the acceleration due to gravity, umf is the superficial gas velocity at incipient fluidization and u0 is the superficial gas velocity.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (911K) -
酒井 清孝, 三井 俊介1975 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 277-281
発行日: 1975/05/10
公開日: 2009/10/21
ジャーナル フリーA new type of pyrolytic reactor was devised, in which special care was paid to the structure of flame holder and to the supply method of reactant feed. Cracking of propane was carried out in this reactor to investigate the temperature profile in the reactor, the yield of the pyrolytic reaction and the optimum conditions for operation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (931K) -
酒井 清孝, 三井 俊介1975 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 282-285
発行日: 1975/05/10
公開日: 2009/10/21
ジャーナル フリーThree kinds of fuel oil, i. e., kerosene, gas oil and fuel oil (No. 1) were pyrolysed in a reactor with a swirler at the upper position of the flame holder. When kerosene or gas oil was pyrolysed, total yield of unsaturated hydrocarbons was as high as 50% and 60%, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (681K) -
楠 浩一郎, 権藤 晋一郎, 中野 勝之, 川上 幸衛, 有光 由紀子1975 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 286-290
発行日: 1975/05/10
公開日: 2009/10/21
ジャーナル フリーFor reactions A+H=B+S and B+H=C+S, the rate equations of which are given by r1=k1CACHm and r2=k2CBCHn, the effects of mass transfer resistances, orders of the reactions and initial concentrations of the reactants on the selectivities of B are studied by using numerical solutions. In semibatch reactors H is a gas component, the others are liquids, and catalyst particles are suspended in the liquid. When the external and/or internal resistance of the catalyst are involved, the selectivity usually decreases, but it changes remarkably with CHi (conc. of Hi at gas-liquid interface) /CA0 (initial conc. of A) depending on whether m is greater or smaller than n. On the other hand, the resistance at the gas-liquid interface increases the selectivity, if m<n. However, the reaction time required to obtain the same maximum yield becomes shorter with an appropriate CHi when reaction controls.
In the fixed-bed reactor packed with nonporous catalysts, the maximum yield becomes higher when external diffusion controls and CA0_??_CH0 (initial conc. of H), if m<n. If m≥n, it becomes higher when reaction controls.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (887K) -
照屋 輝一, 中森 一誠, 大坪 亮輔, 山崎 澄男1975 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 291-293
発行日: 1975/05/10
公開日: 2009/10/21
ジャーナル フリーTo obtain the fundamental data for extraction with propylene carbonate as solvent, we have measured the solubility data and tie-line data of the systems formic acid-water-propylene carbonate, acetic acid-water-propylene carbonate and propionic acid-water-propylene carbonate at 25°C and 50°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (480K) -
照屋 輝一, 中森 一誠, 大坪 亮輔, 山崎 澄男1975 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 294-296
発行日: 1975/05/10
公開日: 2009/10/21
ジャーナル フリーTo obtain the fundamental data for extraction with propylene carbonate as solvent, we have measured the solubility data and tie-line data of the systems butyric acid-water-propylene carbonate and isobutyric acid-water-propylene carbonate at 25°C and 50°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (506K) -
諸戸 定正, 渡辺 昭1975 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 297-299
発行日: 1975/05/10
公開日: 2009/10/21
ジャーナル フリーTo obtain the fundamental data of the purification of phosphoric acid through solvent extraction, solubility curve and tie-lines were determined for the system phosphoric acid-water-diethyl ketone at 25°C.
The acid concentration at plait point was obtained from extrapolation of the following correlation line :
log yA : (xA-yA) /yA
where yA is acid concentration (wt %) in organic phase and xA is acid concentration (wt %) in water phase.
The equilibrium concentration ratio of the acid xA/yA is always larger than unity for all concentration ranges.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (345K) -
森 芳郎, 菅沼 彰1975 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 300-306
発行日: 1975/05/10
公開日: 2009/10/21
ジャーナル フリーWithout any assumption of particle size distribution function, the following arguments are generally and rigorously proven.
1) Although a sample value of number mean diameter, NXn is an unbiased estimate of its population value, Nμ sample values of many other mean diameters, jXn (j≠N) are, respectively, biased estimates of their population values, jμ.
2) Sign of bias depends neither on particle size distribution of population nor on sample size, n. Bias of sample geometric mean diameter and that of sample harmonic mean diameter are always positive. On the other hand, many other sample mean diameters, such as Σx4/Σx3, Σx3/Σx2, Σx2/Σx, (Σx3/n) 1/3, (Σx2/n) 1/2 and (Σx3/Σx) 1/2 are always biased negatively.
3) The smaller the sample size, n, the larger becomes the absolute value of statistical bias.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1189K) -
坂本 宏, 下飯坂 潤三1975 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 307-312
発行日: 1975/05/10
公開日: 2009/10/21
ジャーナル フリーWhen spherical particles of uniform size are packed regularly, the equation which gives the number of contacts per unit area of cross section can be geometrically analyzed.
The result obtained is
N=1/Dp2 {42 (0.4764-ε) 2+1}
where N : number of contacts per unit cross section
Dp : diameter of the spherical particles
ε : porosity
When the strength of dry pellet is expressed by the product of number of contacts and the bonding force at point of contact, it is confirmed experimentally that this bonding force can be expressed in the form of the bonding force obtained by the centrifugal method multiplied by e84 (0.4764-ε) .抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1019K) -
接触間隙圧縮の微細経過吉田 清史, 井内 哲1975 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 313-319
発行日: 1975/05/10
公開日: 2009/10/21
ジャーナル フリーThe study of the gastightness of a contact interstice between two flanges placed face to face by the pressing down of a load W, whose surface were ground with very fine powdered carborundum or polished with rouge, was carried out by measuring the leakage of an indicator gas through it. This study is based on the consideration that when gas leakage decreases to less than a certain allowable quantity by means such as increase of the force pressing the flanges, the status might be scientifically regarded as gastight. This should be technically the case, too. The mode of the gas flow through the interstice was also studied, and it was clarified that the conductance of the flow depends only on the dimensions of the contact interstice and properties of the gas. This experiment enables one to examine the behavior of the interstice between two flanges by measuring the increase or reduction in flow rate of the leakage caused by change of load W and to know the behavior of the polished layer over the surface of the flange without any disturbance by deformation of the underlying metal.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1150K) -
古賀 満男, 河口 英樹, 吉村 忠与志1975 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 320-324
発行日: 1975/05/10
公開日: 2009/10/21
ジャーナル フリーAn experimental study was carried out of the diffusion and the chemical reaction of sulphuric acid in rigid polyvinyl chloride film in the range of 4080°C. The reaction in PVC film was mainly dehydrochlorination due to catalytic action of sulphuric acid. The formation of carbonyl group and the reaction of cross-linking were also confirmed. The dehydrochlorination proceeded comparatively with the diffusion of sulphuric acid and its amount reached 0.96. In addition, the dehydrochlorination largely depended on the concentration of sulphuric acid. It did not occur below 83 wt%. The results can be explained qualitatively in view of the dissociation mechanism of sulphuric acid.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (877K) -
宮入 嘉夫, 三石 信雄, 鏡 八留雄, 前田 充, 八木 英二, 西脇 昭雄, 加藤 康夫, 恩田 格三郎, 竹内 寛, 高橋 勝六, 長 ...1975 年 1 巻 3 号 p. 325-336
発行日: 1975/05/10
公開日: 2009/10/21
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1777K)
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