All issues
Volume 3 (1977)
- Issue 6 Pages 537-
- Issue 5 Pages 429-
- Issue 4 Pages 323-
- Issue 3 Pages 219-
- Issue 2 Pages 109-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Predecessor
Volume 3, Issue 5
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Toshikuni Yonemoto, Tadashi Chida, Shinji Takahashi, Teiriki Tadaki1977 Volume 3 Issue 5 Pages 429-434
Published: September 10, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA theoretical analysis and an experimental study are performed on sublimation of naphthalene or p-dichlorobenzene from the wall of a rectangular duct into a laminar flow of nitrogen gas.
Effect of Grashof number could be ignored in the naphthalene-nitrogen system because the vapor pressure of naphthalene was very low.
In the p-dichlorobenzene-nitrogen system, the flow induced by concentration difference was superimposed upon the laminar flow and played an important role in the sublimation.
The Graetz-Nusselt type analysis was not applicable to the analysis of these systems except for the low- Reynolds number region in the naphthalene-nitrogen system.
However, the numerical solution of the complete Navier-Stokes equations and the diffusion equation agreed quantitatively with the experimental results in both systems.View full abstractDownload PDF (897K) -
The case accompanied by instantaneous chemical reactionShunsuke Nakahara1977 Volume 3 Issue 5 Pages 435-439
Published: September 10, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperimental data are reported for the mass transfer rate of benzoic acid dissolving from the surface of a solid sphere into aqueous solutions and glycerine-aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide in Taylor vortex flow.
It was thought that in the case of these solutions a reaction plane was formed near the surface due to rapid reaction between hydroxyl ion and the dissolving substance. Photographs showed that the aspect of the surface after dissolution at high alkali concentrations (above 0.5 N) was different from that at low alkali concentrations (below 0.1 N), i.e., many round cavities were observed at high alkali concentrations, few or no cavities at low alkali concentrations. It seems that at low alkali concentrations dissolution took place uniformly but at high alkali concentrations the reaction plane came close to the surface and reaction took place just as though the surface were attacked directly. Data are explained in line with the above-mentioned dissolving mechanisms.View full abstractDownload PDF (1043K) -
Yoshinobu Kawano, Fumiyuki Nakashio1977 Volume 3 Issue 5 Pages 440-443
Published: September 10, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe extraction of hydrochloric acid by long-chain alkylamine (Amberlite LA-2) was carried out in a horizontal rectangular channel, where both liquid phases were in cocurrent, laminar, stratified flow between two parallel flat plates. The average extraction rate of hydrochloric acid was experimentally obtained under various conditions.
The reaction between hydrochloric acid and the amine is considered as an interfacial reaction, because the reaction is probably rapid and the solubilities of the amine and its salt in aqueous solution are very small. The experimental results were analysed by the interfacial reaction model proposed in the previous paper. As a result, it was shown that the extraction rate of hydrochloric acid was influenced by the interfacial reaction, which was approximated by 1st order with respect to hydrochloric acid and 2nd order with respect to the amine, and that the reaction rate constant was 5.4 × 106 cm7/mol2·sec.View full abstractDownload PDF (773K) -
Noriaki Kubota, Tadao Kawakami1977 Volume 3 Issue 5 Pages 444-449
Published: September 10, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe distribution of waiting time, which is a stochastic variable, was measured using non-filtered solutions in 200 glass ampoules.
The distributions are analyzed by the author's stochastic model and are compared with those of filtered solutions in the previous paper to investigate quantitatively the inhibitive effect of filtration on nucleation.
As a result, the effect is attributed to the decreasing number of two kinds of active sites in the model and is reflected in an increase in the expectation value of waiting time, E (θ).
When using 0.3μ pore-sized membrane filter, the number of the first kind of active site and the second, respectively, decreased roughly to 1/30 and 1/60 : these changes were equivalent to a 1, 000-fold increase in E (θ), for example, at the point of logarithm of supersaturation, log (c/c*) =0.180.
In addition, dependence of θω (waiting time by Mitsuda et al.) on log (c/c*) is suggested to be related to the change in number of active sites from analogous behavior of θω to E (θ). Active sites are considered to be located on solid impurities in solution.View full abstractDownload PDF (1078K) -
Yuji Naka, Mikiyoshi Araki, Takeichiro Takamatsu1977 Volume 3 Issue 5 Pages 450-456
Published: September 10, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA number of computational methods for finding composition profiles in distillation columns have been published, but it seems to us these methods may be improved for nonideal mixtures from the points of view of convergency and stability.
This paper proposes an improved matrix method developed from Amundson's method. It is well known fact that Amundson's method cannot be applied to nonideal mixtures. Comparing his method with the unsteady-state method of Runge-Kutta-Gill, the reason is found to be one of computational difficulty rather than dependant on the initial assumed composition profiles. The worst situation occurs when the assumed values of the plate concentrations in the next iteration are set equal to the normalized values of the plate-to-plate matrix equations.
To overcome this, our C.M.B.-matrix method corrects the normalized values by using mass balance equations derived around each plate with the top and bottom parts of the column. This then does result in fast convergence with good stability for nonideal mixtures. Furthermore, our method is a parameterless method and hence very simple to use.View full abstractDownload PDF (1271K) -
Hiroaki Masuda, Naohiro Mitsui, Koichi Iinoya1977 Volume 3 Issue 5 Pages 457-461
Published: September 10, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGas-solid suspensions flowing in pipes generate an electric current which includes pulses. Characteristics of these pulses are studied for suspensions of low concentration (3700 g/m3). The electric pulses are caused by particle clouds formed in the flow. Therefore, the behavior of flowing particles is reflected in the pulses. One of the results obtained in this experiment is that the clouds are formed more easily as the air velocity and particle size decrease.View full abstractDownload PDF (910K) -
Chikao Kanaoka, Hitoshi Emi, Tokio Aikura1977 Volume 3 Issue 5 Pages 462-466
Published: September 10, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPressure drop characteristics of micro-perforated plate and Nuclepore filters, which have structures similar to the surface of membrane filters, have been measured in flow regions of turbulent, laminar and rarefied-gas flow, and have been compared with theoretical values calculated on the basis of a single-hole model.
It was found that the pressure drop is expressed by summation of pressure drop of filter inside and that of a negligibly thin perforated-plate filter. Equations to estimate pressure drop in laminar and rarefied gas-flow regions are presented.
In addition, theoretical pressure drops through a perforated plate filter have been compared with theoretical and empirical results for a pipe orifice with the same structure. It has become clear that these are approximately the same, in spite of the fact that one has a pipe wall and the other does not.View full abstractDownload PDF (3163K) -
Masabumi Nishikawa, Kumekazu Ashiwake, Noriaki Hashimoto, Shinji Nagat ...1977 Volume 3 Issue 5 Pages 467-472
Published: September 10, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThough off-centered mixing is widely used for mixing of bulk liquid, few studies have been reported. It was reported by Nagata that off-centered distance has much effect on agitation power. However, there are no reports about mixing time and suitable vessel arrangement for off-centered mixing. In this report, effects of off-centered distance on power and mixing time are ascertained. Effect of baffle plate on off-centered mixing is also studied and the most suitable condition for off-centered mixing for bulk liquid is determined.View full abstractDownload PDF (995K) -
Kunio Kato, Tomio Adachi, Katsuji Banba1977 Volume 3 Issue 5 Pages 473-478
Published: September 10, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGlass beads from 48 mesh to 400 mesh, polystyrene particles from 28 mesh to 80 mesh and zircon sand particles from 48 mesh to 250 mesh were classified by a horizontal packed fluidized particle classifier.
From this investigation, if particle size was in the range of 30 mesh to 400 mesh and particle density was in the range of 1.0 g/cc to 5.0 g/cc, these particles are well classified by this classifier. The characteristics of particle classification of this classifier are expressed by a partial separation efficiency, and good correlation between particle separation efficiency and operating condition is obtained. If particles of one size are 1.2 times larger than the others, these two sizes are classified with 80 % efficiency by this classifier.View full abstractDownload PDF (1059K) -
Takuya Honda, Atsushi Kanzawa1977 Volume 3 Issue 5 Pages 479-484
Published: September 10, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSArgon plasma jet was ejected into helium, nitrogen, and methane gas flow, respectively. Decays of mole fraction, electron temperature, ion density (saturation ion current) and dynamic pressure were then measured.
According to these results, electron temperature and ion density were shown as characteristic decays, and much difference was evident between monoatomic and diatomic gas flow.
In the case of monoatomic gas flow, the recombination reaction of argon ion in the main flow of plasma is mainly
Ar++e-+e-→Ar*+e-
type three body recombination, andTe (electron temperature) is higher than Th (heavy particles temperature). On the contrary, in the case of diatomic gas flow,
Ar++e-+M2→Ar*+2M
type recombination dominates and no leap of Te from Th was observed. In such case, Th is easily known by measuringTeusing double probe etc.View full abstractDownload PDF (1087K) -
Takashi Hayashi, Takuya Honda, Atsushi Kanzawa1977 Volume 3 Issue 5 Pages 485-490
Published: September 10, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperimental and theoretical studies have been made of heat transfer from a rarefied, partially ionized argon plasma jet (3.8 torr, 10, 000 K) to fine wires.
The amounts of heat flow to the different kind of surfaces, i. e. platinum and silica coated wires, were measured. The differences in amount of heat flow between the two surfaces agreed well with the products of ion saturation current and the ionization energy of argon. According to this, the recombination of argon ion occurs fully catalytically on the platinum surface, and is negligible on the silica-coated surface.
The theory includes the influences of mass average velocity of the jet and of the floating potential of the wires. The former needs correction factors, β for kinetic energy, K. E., and γ for ionization energy, uI,
β=π/2+5/2z2+1/πz4
γ=1+2/πz2
where z is the ratio of mass average velocity to first-order mean molecular velocity. The latter resulted for the incident of ions, K. E.+φF and electron, K. E. only.
From the comparisons between experimental and theoretical values, thermal accommodation coefficients were decided at about 0.8 for both surfaces.View full abstractDownload PDF (932K) -
Tadashi Shirotsuka, Masao Sudo1977 Volume 3 Issue 5 Pages 491-496
Published: September 10, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith body radiation cylindrical source (BC-) model and surface radiation cylindrical source (SC-) model proposed as tridimensional source models, the influence of light characteristics on axial and radial scale-up rates, Rax and Rrad, of annular photoreactors was examined. The calculated values by BC-model were very close to the values by line source models. Experimental results with a chemical lamp agreed well with the values predicted by SC-model. A semi-experimental method of scale-up of the batch annular photoreactor is discussed for the system where reaction rate is directly proportional to light absorption rate.View full abstractDownload PDF (977K) -
Masayuki Toda, Jun Yonehara, Tsuneo Kimura, Siro Maeda1977 Volume 3 Issue 5 Pages 497-503
Published: September 10, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe hydraulic conveying of solids through horizontal pipes was studied experimentally for some suspensions of spherical glass, nonspherical glass, calcite, basic lead silicate and iron sand. The investigation concerns pressure drop and the transition velocities at which flow pattern changes from one pattern to another.
It was shown that the velocity at which the particles were transported in asymmetric suspension with a moving bed increased with increasing solid concentration and free-falling velocity of a particle. The limit-deposit velocity was found to depend on the particle-fluid density ratio, particle diameter, pipe diameter and solid concentration. The limit-deposit velocity for any system had a maximum value at some solid concentration between 0.6 and 4 vol %. An empirical equation expressing the limit-deposit velocities in hydraulic and pneumatic conveyers is proposed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1253K) -
Masayuki Sato, Masao Kito, Takeshi Sakai1977 Volume 3 Issue 5 Pages 504-507
Published: September 10, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reduction of liquid surface tension under high potential was investigated. The surface tension was measured by means of the vibrating jet method, which is a characteristic method of measuring dynamic surface tension without touching. Distilled water, ethanol, methanol and benzene were used as sample materials. Except in the case of benzene, the liquid surface tensions were reduced when high potential was applied. The reduction of surface tension was proportional to the square of applied potential. It was observed that the surface tension fell with elapsed time (i. e. dynamic surface tension) when applied potential was raised. On the other hand, no effect was observed for benzene. The reduction of surface tension was calculated theoretically based on the two-dimensional model. The agreement between calculated values and observed data was fairly good, though the calculated values were slightly larger than observed values.View full abstractDownload PDF (678K) -
Hiroaki Masuda, Naohiro Mitsui, Koichi Iinoya, Kenzo Takahashi, Kumiko ...1977 Volume 3 Issue 5 Pages 508-536
Published: September 10, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (4988K) -
1977 Volume 3 Issue 5 Pages 536
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (46K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|