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Volume 42 (2016)
- Issue 6 Pages 187-
- Issue 5 Pages 161-
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- Issue 3 Pages 83-
- Issue 2 Pages 37-
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Volume 42, Issue 3
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Editorial Note
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2016 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages edit_3
Published: May 20, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2016
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSDownload PDF (211K)
Transport Phenomena and Fluid Engineering
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Kenji Matsumoto, Mitsuhiro Ohta, Shuichi IwataArticle type: Research Paper
2016 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 83-91
Published: May 20, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2016
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSIn order to raise the efficiency of the filling process of milk into 1,000-mL gable-top cartons, the effect of filling operation conditions on flow dynamics of milk were computationally considered using the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method. In the numerical simulation, the shear-thinning property of milk was modeled with the Carreau–Yasuda model, and the effects of the lifting operation of the gable top carton and filling speed (the number of milk cartons filled per hour) on the flow dynamics of the milk were examined. It was shown by computation that, without the lifting operation, milk that struck the bottom of the carton largely splashed up and out the carton. The lifting of the carton reduces the height of the splash. To examine the effect of the filling speed, one faster and one slower speed than the standard (current empirically selected) operating speed were considered. It was found that the standard speed is appropriate for the present production process.View full abstractDownload PDF (12243K) -
Haruki Furukawa, Norihisa Nakamura, Yoshihito Kato, Ryo Nagumo, Yutaka ...Article type: Note
2016 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 92-95
Published: May 20, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2016
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSPower consumption for a paddle impeller with two large blades was measured in shear-thinning fluid. The test fluid was carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution. The Metzner–Otto constant ks was estimated by using the Metzner–Otto method (1957). The constant ks increased with increasing impeller diameter. The estimated ks showed a good agreement with the values correlated by the equation of Kamei et al. (1994).View full abstractDownload PDF (699K) -
Masao Aida, Atsushi ShonoArticle type: Note
2016 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 96-99
Published: May 20, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2016
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSShamlou’s equation (Shamlou and Koutsakos, 1989) was modified to estimate the solid distribution in solid–liquid stirred vessels. α, X and Rep was added in order to use a correlation equation widely (α: empirical constant, X: solid mass to liquid mass ratio, Rep: particle Reynolds number). Peclet number for the solid was correlated by the following equation.The value of α was 15.4 for radial flow impeller (disk turbine), 7.24 for mixed flow impellers (pitched paddle, pitched disk turbine and A310™) and 2.98 for axial flow impeller (marine propeller). Axial flow impeller with large d/D (D, vessel diameter; d, impeller diameter) was suitable for uniform suspension.View full abstractDownload PDF (454K)
Particle Engineering
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Shuji Matsusaka, Atsushi Noguchi, Shiro Kitajima, Masatoshi YasudaArticle type: Research Paper
2016 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 100-106
Published: May 20, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2016
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSA method for controlling electrostatic charge on particles with positive ions and/or electrons generated by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet was studied experimentally. The atmospheric pressure plasma jet was generated by applying AC voltage and DC bias voltage to a cylindrical electrode in a quartz glass tube with helium gas flow. By changing the value of the DC bias voltage, positive ions and/or electrons could be extracted from the plasma. Two experiments, one in which particles were allowed to fall in the plasma jet and the other in which particles were irradiated with the plasma jet, were performed, and comparison of their results showed that both methods allowed the particles to acquire positive ions and/or electrons because of the electric field caused by the space charge. In addition, particle charging could be controlled by applying an external electric field. Based on these experimental results, the particle charging mechanism involved was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1160K)
Separation Engineering
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Shunichi Sawada, Ruriko Kimura, Kenji MurakamiArticle type: Research Paper
2016 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 107-112
Published: May 20, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2016
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSA thermo-responsive separation membrane was synthesized by covering inorganic porous membrane, a glass filter (GF), with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). The temperature dependence of the permeation coefficients of methyl orange (MO) and congo red (CR) through the membrane were evaluated, and the effect of adding the cross-linking agent, N,N′–methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) on the separation was examined. The amount of PNIPAM immobilized on the GF was measured to be 0.3–1.6 wt% by thermogravimetric analysis and weight analysis. The permeation coefficients of MO and CR for GF were respectively 2.9×10−7 m/s and 2.0×10−7 m/s at 25°C, and 3.0×10−7 m/s and 2.3×10−7 m/s at 40°C. The ratios of permeation coefficients at 25°C and 40°C (K=k40/k25) for MO and CR were 1.0 and 1.2, respectively. When the GF was covered with PNIPAM (PGF), the ratio (K) for MO was 2.2. This behavior was considered to be related to the volume change of PNIPAM immobilized on the GF with the change in temperature. Moreover, the addition of BIS to PNIPAM resulted in the further increase in the ratio (K). In the case of CR, the ratio (K) significantly increased to 5.8–7.4 by adding more than 5 wt% of BIS to PNIPAM.View full abstractDownload PDF (1469K) -
Yuki Nakamura, Kunio Fujiwara, Takanobu Sugo, Shigeko Kawai-Noma, Dais ...Article type: Research Paper
2016 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 113-118
Published: May 20, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2016
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSFor recovery of palladium (Pd) from a hydrochloric acid medium, dioctyl sulfide (DOS), a neutral extractant capable of specifically capturing Pd anionic species, was impregnated onto a hydrophobic ligand-containing polymer chain grafted onto 6-nylon fiber, using radiation-induced graft polymerization. The hydrophobic ligand was the dodecanethiol (C12S) moiety, which functions both in the impregnation of DOS via hydrophobic interaction and in the direct uptake of Pd species by a similar mechanism as DOS. The C12S group was immobilized at a density of 2.0 mmol/g through its reaction of C12S with the epoxy group of the poly-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) chain grafted onto the nylon fiber, and DOS was impregnated onto the resulting fiber at a density of 0.40–1.1 mmol/g. For example, fiber impregnated with DOS at a density of 0.40 mmol/g possessed a saturation capacity of 0.70 mmol-Pd/g in 1 mol/L HCl. The molar binding ratios of Pd to impregnated DOS and immobilized C12S were calculated as 0.50 and 0.27, respectively. In addition, the DOS-impregnated fiber specifically captured Pd species from a mixture solution of Pd and platinum (Pt) species in 1–4 mol/L HCl.View full abstractDownload PDF (807K)
Chemical Reaction Engineering
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Ryo Tanaka, Tsuyoshi Yamamoto, Yoshinori ItayaArticle type: Research Paper
2016 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 119-124
Published: May 20, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2016
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSAmmonia synthesis directly from nitrogen and hydrogen was attempted by use of microwave plasma. First, the ammonia yield was investigated using active alumina as a catalyst in a microwave plasma. Next, the influence of the number of microwave radiation ports on ammonia synthesis was investigated. It was found that activated alumina has the effect of improving the ammonia yield. It was also found that the efficiency of synthesis can be raised by decreasing the reaction pressure, by decreasing the microwave output power and by generating a wider range of microwave plasma.View full abstractDownload PDF (564K)
Materials Engineering and Interfacial Phenomena
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Enhanced Water Dispersibility of Retinoic Acid by Complexation with a Casein-Derived Peptide MixtureTatsuya Oshima, Mariko Sugahara, Takeru Iwakiri, Keishi Kubo, Yoshinar ...Article type: Research Paper
2016 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 125-130
Published: May 20, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2016
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSMixtures of peptides with various molecular weights and hydrophilic/hydrophobic balances (Peps) were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of casein composed of four proteins, and complexes of Peps with retinoic acid (Ret) were prepared in an attempt to enhance the water dispersibility of Ret. Ret–Pep complexes were prepared by mixing an acetone solution of Ret and an aqueous solution of Pep followed by lyophilization. The Ret–Pep complexes had higher apparent solubility Ret complexes prepared using polyethylene glycol and saccharides. Ret–Pep was present as a hydrocolloid with particle size of approximately 530 nm, and the surface charge was mainly dominated by Pep. Ret–Peps were prepared using different Peps obtained by ammonium sulfate fractionation and ultrafiltration. A fraction containing relatively hydrophobic peptides with high molecular weights showed much higher dispersibility for Ret than other fractions.View full abstractDownload PDF (444K)
Environment
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Hiroshi NonakaArticle type: Research Paper
2016 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 131-135
Published: May 20, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: May 20, 2016
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSAlkaline treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is widely used as a pretreatment for enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. For efficient utilization of sugarcane bagasse components, multistep alkaline pretreatment is carried out to extract the useful components before enzymatic saccharification. Alkaline treatment with 1 M NaOH at room temperature led to the extraction of p-Coumaric acid, ferulic acid, hemicellulose and lignin. About 60% of the hemicellulose and lignin was extracted by treatment for 82 h. The residue obtained after 82 h of treatment was further treated with 1 M NaOH at 105°C to produce a residue having less lignin and more cellulose than that obtained by a single 105°C NaOH treatment. The residue obtained after treatment at 105°C was further treated with 1 M NaOH at 170°C to produce a material with 94% cellulose. This phenomenon is probably due to a decrease in the frequency of lignin condensation because multistep treatment has removed part of the lignin from the reaction system. Alkaline treatment at room temperature is effective in accelerating delignification during subsequent alkaline treatments and enables the extraction of aromatic carboxylic acids, arabinoxylan, and lignin without hydrolysis and thermal denaturation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1611K)
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