The effect of the nozzle diameter and physical properties of dispersed and continuous liquid upon the breakup length, the critical velocity and the jetting velocity of a liquid jet injected into another immiscible liquid was experimentally investigated. The laminar jet in immiscible liquid-liquid systems breaks into drops or waves. It was observed that this difference of the breakup pattern depends upon the ratio of the viscosity of dispersed liquid to that of continuous liquid. The laminar breakup length of the jet that breaks into drops is correlated by the equation which is obtained from both maximum growth rates of disturbances on the surface of inviscid liquid jet in inviscid liquid and of high viscosity liquid jet in high viscosity liquid.

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In order to study the drying characteristics and to obtain fundamental data in spray drying, weights and temperature changes of droplets containing solids were measured under various conditions by using a glass filament cantilever and thermocouple. It was found that the condition of a skin or a crust formation depended on solids contained in a droplet.
Theoretical approach was also attempted to determine the skin thickness of a droplet and the time of appearance of the crystals.

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By using the pulse flow technique, the adsorption equilibrium ratios of hydrocarbons, m were measured up to the temperature close to catalytic cracking. It was found that the values of m and heat of adsorption are proportional to the number of carbon in the hydrocarbons. The particle-capacitance effect in the fluid bed reactor was considered concerning the flow pattern of various hydrocarbons.

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A particle in an emulsion has ζ-potential. Therefore, electrophoresis can be used to increase the separating rate of dispersed particles. Emulsions containing very fine particles which are very difficult to separate from emulsions are effectivelly separated to two phases by impressing voltage on these emulsions.
In order to apply the above-mentioned characteristics to actual separator, it is very important to obtain the data for this method.
In these studies, characteristics of the separation of dispersed particles from emulsions are investigated for batch operation and continuous operation. Benzene, kerosene, aniline and nitrobenzene-in-water O/W emulsions are used for these experiments.
As the result, very excellent separating efficiency was obtained by impressing voltage on emulsions.

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The previous flow model is extended to apply it to the axial dispersion of fluid in bubble columns of turbulent flow regime, by applying the analysis of Taylor and Tichacek.
Axial dispersion coefficients are calculated theoretically by using the data of gas hold-up distribution and effective turbulent viscosity, both obtained previously.
A correlation for axial Peclet numbers in relation to radial Peclet numbers and radial velocity distribution is developed, taking column diameter and superficial gas velocity as variables.

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Equilibrium flash has conventionally been calculated by the method obtaining by trial-and-error the fraction of liquid to feed, q to satisfy given temperature and total pressure.
But, here is presented a new general method calculating the temperature to satisfy given pressure and q by assuming equilibrium constants. The present method does not use any special parameter for convergence and is very simple. The principle of convergence is also explained and the speed of convergence is shown to be quick by examples for ideal and non-ideal systems.

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The operating conditions of a continuous countercurrent fractional separation column is discussed for the case in which the feed solution is the mixture of solutes and initial solvent and also the partition coefficients of solutes between initial and intermediate solvents arekept constant through the enriching and scrubbing sections.
The ranges of the practicable flow ratios of extractant and elution to feed, S/F and R/F, for the given design condition were made clear.
The optimum flow ratio which minimizes the number of stages required for the given design condition was determined by the numerical search method and the obtained results were correlated by the empirical correlations.

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An experimental analysis is presented for the behavior of gas bubbles in fluid beds with diameters of 79 and 195 mm, using a small hot-wire probe. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) Bubbles frequency measured along the center axis of a fluid bed increases in proportion to the 0.9 power of gas velocity, and in a higher gas velocity range the frequency reaches to 20-30 number/sec at the bed section far from the gas distributor.(2) Ascending velocity of bubbles becomes larger with increasing bed diameter and gas velocity.(3) In the range of u_f≥40 cm/sec, bubble growth due to coalescence is retarded, and arithmetric-, volume- and surface-mean diameters of bubbles are found as about 3, 5 and 8 cm, respectively. Under this condition, the flow behavior of the beds is stable and homogenized. These facts show that the behavior of gas bubbles in fluid beds is fairly different from that in teeter beds.

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This paper describes the improvement of filtration characteristics of slurry by the formation of pelletlike flocs the size of which is very fine. Pellet-like flocs are formed with suitable ratation of a drum containing small quantities of high molecular flocculant.
It was found that filtration rate was improved by the formation of pellet-like flocs as the result of decrease of the average specific cake resistance and medium resistance.
The decrease of water content of cake was also confirmed.

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An experimental apparatus was developed for measuring the relations of vapor-liquid equilibria at low temperature and high pressure by vapor circulating method. Vapor-liquid equilibrium data for hydrogen-nitrogen system at -195.8°C and -185.0°C were obtained by the apparatus up to nearly the critical region. The temperature control was within ±0.1°C by the controlling the vapor pressure of nitrogen in the cryostat. At low temperature the liquid surface in the equilibrium cell was detected with floating magnetic needle coupled with outside coils.

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