This paper explores the dynamics of policy making processes of the Natural Tourism Resource management focusing on the consensus building processes among various stakeholders introducing the Utilization Regulation Zone based on Natural Parks Law in Shiretoko-Goko lakes in Shiretoko National Park from a perspective of Adaptive Governance.From key informant interviews and the analysis of meeting minutes, the author discusses four main factors for the success; 1. sound relationship between the Park authority and land ownerships, 2. collaborative relationship between the authority and tourism industry for the need of safety control against brown bears, 3. the support of local conservation NGO and the historical background of local nature conservation, 4. adaptive governance in the consensus building process. The factors 1-3 are inherent in Shiretoko-goko lakes, however, the framework of comprehensive inclusion and stakeholders' efforts of mutual understanding is applicable to other regions.

View full abstract

Simple box and parabolic solar cookers for households were designed to be manufactured and utilized in developing countries. The designs were tested in the Republic of Kiribati and Tuvalu as demonstrations. The box one consists of 4 reflector panels (670-mm-squire in aperture) , a wooden rectangular box, and a grass lid, and its performance was a maximum of 100 W under sunny conditions. On the other hand, the parabolic one consists of 12 reflector panels (1,200 mm in diameter) , a metal pot holder, and a wooden stand. It produced 180 W under a solar radiation of 0.90 kW m^-2 in September 2009 and was able to cook 1,800 ml of rice in only 2 hours. We also conducted a questionnaire about lifestyle and energy use in cooking for the residents.

View full abstract