There are many problems in the use of chemotherapy of children, and I have explained about the mechanism of the antibacterial activity, and sevaral interesting points:-
1. The peculiarity of drag metabolism in children, especially premature or newborn infants.
2. The peculiarities to condiser, when deciding the dosage of antibiotics substances.
3. The peculiarity of the infectious diseases in children looking from the site of the micro organism.
4. Comparing the antibody titer to Gram-negative bacilli between mother and the newborn infant soon after delivery.
5. A therapeutic experiment of colimycin against Gram-negative bacilli infection using a germ free mouse or gnotbiot mouse as a figure of germ free condition of the newborn infant soon after delivery.
6. Experiment about the transfusion of the antibiotics to each organ.
7. Relation between the serum concentration of the antibiotics and the tissue concentration of each organ with some interesting clinical cases.

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By means of indirect immunofluorescence method, the antibodies reactive with the antigen of R. orientalis were investigated on the sera of nine patients with tsutsugamushi disease, who had been infected at the vicinity of the river bank of the Shinano and Agano in Niigata during the period 1965 to 1967.
The antigens employed in this test were the periotneal smear obtained from mice infected with Gilliam, Karp, and Kato strains of R. orientalis.
The results were summed as follows:
1) When the sera of nine patients were tested by using fluorescein labeled antihuman gammaglobulin rabbit serum, six patients (case 1-6) showed marked increases in immunofluorescent antibody titer, some ranging in titer from<1: 10 in early specimens to 1: 2560 in the convalescent sera.
Eighteen-thirty months after the onset of infection, the titer in the sera of case 1, 2, 3, 7, 8 and 9 ranged from 1: 10 to 1: 20 against each antigens.
Among the sera, the pattern of antibody response indictaed that homologous antibody attains a higher level and persists for a much longer period of time than heterologous antibody.
2) IgM, IgA, and IgG type antibodies reactive with the antigen of R. orientalis were identified by using fluorescein conjugated antisera specific for these immunoglobulin classes.
IgM type antibodies were demonstrated in early and convalescent sera, some ranging in titer from<1: 10 to 1: 20, however, the antibodies were not present in the sera collected after 18-30 months.
IgG type antibodies increased markedly in convalescent sera, and the antibodies were present, some ranging in titer from<: 10 to 1: 10, 18-30 months later.
IgA type antibodies did not increased in sera collected during all stadium.

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The appearance of filamentous shape and spheroplast of E. coli in the urines were repeatedly observed after medication of cephalexin to a young female patient suffering from chronic pyelonephritis with hydronephrosis.
The relation between the morphological changes and concentration of CEX in the urines was discussed.
With the discontinuance of CEX filamentous shape of E. coli begins to revert to conventional form. resulting in a relapse of the disease. Thus when administering CEX to urinary tract infection due to E. coli one must be aware of keeping sufficient medication period with full dosage not to revert the filamentous, form into normal one.

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Comparison was made on four drugs, cephaloridine, cephalothin, cephalexin and ampicillin with respect to the range of drug concentration to make E. coli NIH-J into filamentous form.
It was cleared that CEX gives the widest range, from 1.56 to 200 Mcg/ml or 1/2 to 64 times of its MIC. Even the filament found in the tube of 200 Mcg/ml of CEX after the treatment for six hours maintained viability and could rapidly revert to conventional form in an antibiotic free environment.
CER has the narrowest range of concentration for filament production, meaning the strongest bactericidal action among these four drugs, CET and AB-Pc situate between CER and CEX.
It was disclosed from several experiments that E, coli seemingly remultiplicated from the filamentous shape did not originate from resistant mutants.
The adoption of CEX resistant strain from a clinical source instead of sensitive E. coli, NIH-J strain in the similar experiments gave a same but more clear result.

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Three hundred fifty-nine (359) cases of Japanese encephalitis were admitted to the Osaka Municipal Momoyama Hospital during the 5 year period from 1965 to 1969. The diagnosis was made by serological tests in the surviving cases and isolation of virus by brain puncture and the direct fluorescent antibody test were used in addition to the serological tests in those that died.
The brain puncture method made it possible to positively identify 71.4% of the cases which had been hitherto considered probably positive but undetermined by serological tests, as Japanese encephalitis.
Diagnosis by serological tests was possible in the majority of the cases by the HI-T (hemagglytinationinhibition antibody test) within one week after the onset of illness and by the CF-T (complement fixation test) in the second week. However, the most of the cases of older ages were positive to both the HI-T and CF-T in the first week.
Of the cases positive to HI-T some were negative to CF-T, but of the cases negative to HI-T no cases were positive to CF-T.
The latest isolation in this series of the virus from the brain puncture was 8th illness day, whereas, in direct fluorescent antibody test a positive result was obtainable for much longer period, the longest being 151th illness day.
The incidence of Japanese encephalitis was higher in the female in older age group and higher in the male in younger age group.
Among the persons who had been vaccinated against Japanese encephalitis in the last 5 years, 17 persons became infected and two died. Japanese encephalitis is said to rarely occur in the same family, but 4 patients from two families were encountered.
Some cases which were supposedly due to viruses other than Japanese encephalitis virus were observed each year between May and September especially around the epidemic period of J apanese encephalitis (July-Sept.) in this series.
One case caused by Herpes simplex was encountered.

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A new composition was devised for the selective isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This medium is composed of 0.5% sodium glutamate, 0.3%β-alanine, 0.2% yeast extract, 0.1% diammonium phosphate, 0.03% monopotassium phosphate, 0.1% magnesium sulfate, 0.5% sodium chloride, 0.1% quinine hydrochloride, 0.001% nalidixic acid and 1.5% agar, the reaction being adjusted at pH 7.0. All ingredients are suspended in appropriate amount of distilled water, heated to dissolve completely, and sterilized by heating at 121°C for 15 minutes.
In this composition quinine serves as a chief selective agent, and nalidixic acid acts as an additive agent to suppress the overgrowth of some species of Enterobacteriaceae such as E. coli, Enterobacter, Proteae, Klebsiella and Serratia. The use of peptone as the nutrient source caused the decrease in the selective action of quinine.β-alanine, Mg⁺⁺ ion and phosphate were helpful for the pigmentation of Ps. aeruginosa colonies.
This composition (quinine-nalidixic acid agar) was tested for its selectivity as compared with NAC agar (nalidixic acid-cetrimide agar) and SS agar using clinical specimens. For the isolation of Ps. aeruginosa from 1, 237 fecal samples, the rate of isolation was 9.5% with both NAC agar and quininenalidixic acid agar, being higher by far than SS agar, whereas in the test from 327 otolaryngeal samples, the rate of isolation of Ps. aeruginosa was nearly equal to that with 3 sorts of selective media. Quininenalidixic acid agar was established to be superior to NAC agar in the pigment production of Ps. ageruginosa strains.
From these experimental results quinine-nalidixic acid agar is thought to be useful for the clinical investigations of Ps. aeruginosa.

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[in Japanese]

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