Clinical investigations were performed on patients with pyrexia admitted into our hospital during past ten years. It was the criterion that cases with pyrexia of 38°C or more for more than 3 days were selected into the consideration. The results obtained were as follows.
1. Of 4970 cases admitted 333 had pyrexia, and were included into the investigation.
2. From the analysis of the cause of fever, infectious diseases exceeded half of all, reaching 192 cases (57.5%). Malignant diseases followed them, coming to 72 (21.5%). Other diseases counted 69 (21.0%).
3. Of 192 cases belong to infectious diseases, bacterial diseases were the most numerable in number.
4. Respiratory tract infection was the most prevalent among them, being followed by urinary tract infection.
5. There found some characteristics of clinical findings in each disease, which seemed to be useful for the differential diagnosis of pyreqic patients, However, since undistinguishability occurs not rarely in clinical pictures between infectious diseases and malignancies, it is considered to be the most important for the early differential diagnosis that we make every effort for the detection of causativeorganisms.

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Recently in this country, salmonella infections, apart from typhoid and paratyphoid, are reportedly on the increase in number.
It is worth mentioning at the same time that unusual nonenteric form of infection in salmonellosis other than typhoid and paratyphoid has been increasingly reported both domestically and abroad. Most of these cases, however, can be usually seen in persons of much aged or deteriorating conditions with underlying serious diseases, in which circumstances even nonpathogenic organisms often alter into patho-genic, causing the so-called oppotunistic infection.
In this paper, 10 cases of nonentric isolation of salmonella (7 cases), arizona (1) and edwardsiella (2) are reported. All the cases were inpatients treated in Chiba University Hospital from Sept., 1967to Feb., 1971.
The cases and comments are briefly summarized as follows: Salmonella isolation case:
1. Underlying disease-aplastic anemia; 6-y-o male; S. typhimurium isolated from blood and later S. typhimurium mixed with citrobacter and klebsiella from otorrheal discharge; fate, died.
2. Myelofibrosis; 46-y-o male; S. typhimurium from the blood; died.
3. No underlying diease but acute enteritis suffered two years previously was suspected as a forerun -ner; 68-y-o female; S. group B from abscess of vertebralosteomyelitis; cured.
4. Febrile disease; 65-y-o male; S. thompson from the blood; cured.
5. Kidney tranplantation case; 17-y-o females; S. typhimurium from peritoneal fluid at P. D., Cryptococcus neoformans from her spinal tapping; died.
6. Kidney transplantation case; 37-y-o male; S. typhimurium from sputum and later from sub466cutaneous abscess of lower extremity; improved.
7. Kidney transplantation case; 46-y-o male; S. typhimurium mixed with E. coli and intestinal flora-like bacillus from retroperitoneal abscess; died. Arizona isolation case:
8. No underlying disease; 70-y-o male; arizona from cervical abscess; cured. Focal infection can be considered. Edwardsiella isolation case:
9. Cholelithiasis; 65-y-o male; edwardsiella with E. coli from punctured bile at laparotomy; improved.
10. Pancreas cancer; 70-y-o female; edwardsiella with candida from ascites; improved. As seen above, all of salmonella isolation cases were those either having serious underlying diseases such as blood disease and kidney transplantation or much aged. It seemed not difficult to cure nonenteric salmonellosis in cases without serious basic diseases by the use of antibiotics with or without operations. The possibility is shown that salmonella can be held alive in a certain tissue for a considerably long period. By species, S. typhimurium was predominant, just like recent tendency in salmonellosis. In arizona isolation case, focal infection is surmised, the behavior being interesting in view of its bacteriological closeness to salmonella. As to edwardsiella, it is too early to state conclusively of its pathogenicity because of the plurality in bacterial species seen in the lesions.

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[in Japanese]

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