Clinical isolates of Pseudomonads at this laboratory occasionally show mucoid colonial morphology, most of these being obtained from sputa, especially from those of patients suffering from chronic severe infection of the air way. Among 1, 658 strains of Pseudomonas obtained during these 2 years (1969, 1970), 199 mucoid strains (12.0%) were found.
In comparative studies on 16 tests with these mucoid and non-mucoid strains, some mucoid mutants failed to show the following chracteristics typical for Pseudomonas: Oxodation of glucose (8.7%), and reduction of nitrate to N₂ gas (26.1%). However, these atypical strains showed 100% positive results in tests for cytochrome oxidase, and acyl amidase test, and in pyocyanin production on King B medium.
These bacteriological characteristics of mucoid strains and their haunt in the air way of patients withchronic severe infection may suggests, as Doggett stated, that the mucoid strain is derived by mutationfrom non-mucoid original one under the influence of in vivo environments.

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During the period 1968-70, a successive survey was conducted in Tokyo, for the discovery of healthy carriers of Salmonellaef, ollowing the previous survey made at 1966-67. In this survey, a total of 1, 258, 8 1 feces, obtained from 816, 965 pupils of primary and junior high schools, and from 441, 836 food handlers, were examined for the presence of Salmonellae. When organisms were present in the specimen, a retrospecfiveinquiry was made to the individuals, whether they had symptoms or not.
Results obtained are summarized as follows:
1) Recovery rates of Salmonellaef rom school pupils were always higher than those from food handlers, throughout the survey period.
2) Recent years, there was a gradual increase in the recovery rate of Salmonellae, both on the pupils and on the food handlers. In 1970, 0.18% of the pupils and 0.11% of the food handlers were found to be healthy carriers of Salmonellae organisms.
3) Forty five serotypes of Salmonellaew ere isolated in 1970, while only 20 of them had been recognize in 1966.
4) Major detected serotypes of the isolates were slightly varied according to the years, however, no great change was observed on their frequency.
5) Existence of an antibiotic resistant strains among the isolates tended to be increasing in number year by year. Most of them were S. typhi-mirium and found to be highly resistant against SM and TC.
6) Among the isolates of 1969, 1 strain of S. typhi-muriuma, nd 1 strain of S. kottbusw ere proved to be dual drugresistant against TC and KM. Meanwhile, among the isolates of 1970, 1 strain of S. typhi-murium, and 3 strains of S. derby were found to be triple drug-resistant against SM, TC and KM.
7) It was revealed that about 50% of Salmonellae carriers had such complaints as mild diarrhea, stomachache and nausea.
8) More clinical symptoms were complained by the carriers of the organisms belonging to S. anatum, S. typhi-murium, S. schwarzengrund, S. kottbus, and S. enteritidis.

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