Primary and secondary schoolchildren in Hateruma and Ishigaki, small islands of Ryukyu, and Koza City, Okinawa Prefecture, were subjected to throat culture for Hemolytic Streptococci (HS), in March and July 1971, and March 1972, in order to study the incidences of HS, the group and type distribution. The results were compared with those obtained in primary and secondary schoolchildren in Fuchu district in Tokyo by the same methods as above performed in June 1969, 1970 and 1971.
As a whole, the incidences of HS were higher in Hateruma (60.8%, 43.7% and 62.5% in the three surveys, respectively), Ishigaki (50.8% in the one survey) and Koza (71.4% in the one survey) than in Fuchu (26.2%, 25.2% and 24.4% in the three surveys, respectively). The incidences of Group A streptococci were also higher in Hateruma, Ishigaki and Koza than in Fuchu. In typing of Group A streptococci by means of T-agglutination, it was much interesting to find that in Hateruma and Ishigaki the predominant type was T-11, while in Fuchu and Koza, same as the other various districts in the world, it was T-12. The high incidence of T-11 is worth mentioning, but its pathogenicity is not yet determined.

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The authors made an evaluation of a simplified routine method of differentiation and identification of glucose-non-fermentative Gram negative rods using 131 strains isolated from the clinical materials in otolaryngeal field.
The test organisms were classified into the following genera and species, Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Acinetobacter (anitratus and Lwoffii), Moraxella by morphology, motility, oxidase-test and 0-F test.
The differentiation of P.aeruginosa and P.fluorescens was possible by the growth at 51°C and 42°C, and acylamidase test.

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It has been popularly circulating in half legendary way among laymen that those who habitually eat garlic would rarely catch cold in winter time. The authors took it up rather seriously and undertook experiments to see the effects of garlic extracts against infections with influenza and Japanese encephalitis viruses in mice.
Viruses used were influenza virus AO/PR 8 strain, Japanese encephalitis virus Nakayama strain and JaGAr Ol strain. Mice used in the case of influenza were ddYS strain weighed 15g, in Japanese encephalitis, the same strain weighed 8-10g regardless the sex. Garlic extracts were prepared by alcohol extraction using low percent alcohol. The extracts were administrated per os to the mice. Further, to see the effects of the combination of garlic extracts and vitamines and liver extracts, we prepared the following solutions as: Solution A-garlic extracts without any additives; Solution B-garlic extracts plus VB₁; Solution C-garlic extracts plus VB₁₂; Solution D-garlic extracts plus VB₁ and VB₁₂; Solution E-garlic extracts plus VB₁, VB₁₂ and liver extracts. Infections of influenza and Japanese encephalitis were made by pernasal and intracerebral inoculations, respectively. The inoculated mice were observed for three weeks. LD₅₀ was measured by Reed and Muench method. Influenza infected mice were all autopsied and the consolidation of the lungs was comparatively observed.
The results were summarized as follows:
1. In group in which daily administrations of the solutions were begun 15 days previous to pernasal influenza virus inoculations, the effects were significant. In our data, solution A and E were best. In group in which the solutions were begun being given at the same time to the virus inoculations, the effects were hardly appreciable.
2. In Japanese virus inoculated cases, the results were against our expectation. Any solution given even 15 days previously to the inoculations displayed no effect at all.

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Two lots of AIK vaccines were inoculated subcutaneously on a total of 471 healthy children who was thought to have never experienced measles in the past. This live vaccine was prepared by employing a virus strain attenuated by passage through the primary kidney cell culture of sheep at the kitasato Institute.
Of the 471 chidren inoculated, both serological and clinical survey were completed on initially seronegative 321 children (Lot TV-6, 134; Lot TV-7, 187).
Reported in the following are the findings thereof.
1. Antibody responses
All the children, who had previously been confirmed negative, were found to have developed antibodies against measles. In the case of Lot TV-6 the mean of the hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titer was 2^5.7±1.0, and it was 2^5.6±1.0 with Lot TV-7. Follow up of hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers feasible on 12 children showed the mean value (G.M.T.) of 2^5.6 at the end of 6 weeks, 2^4.4 at I year and 2^4.3 at 1.6 years after inoculation.
2. Clinical reactions
(i) Fever: Frequency of the appearance of fever≥37.5°C was 20.9%, and ≥39.0°C was 3.0% with Lot TV-6. In the case of Lot TV-7 the appearance of fever ≥37.5°C was 12.8%, and ≥39.0°C was 1.1%. The mean highest temperatuie of feverish children observed was 38.3°C with Lot TV-6, and 38.1°C with Lot TV-7. Their duration was in an average of 1.6 days in both cases. The mean incubation period before the onset of fever was 8.3 days with Lot TV-6 and 8.8 days with Lot TV-7. There was not a single case of febrile convulsion nor any other toxic reactions.
(ii) Rash: Rate of the appearance of rash was 22.4% with Lot TV-6, and 14.4% with Lot TV-7. Period to the appearance of rash after inoculation was in an average of 9.7 days with Lot TV-6, and 9.2 days with Lot TV-7. In more than 70% of the total children inoculated, the number of papel-like rashes was less than 10.
Due to the findings described above, the AIK vaccine employed in the present study can be categorized as a further attenuated measles virus vaccine.

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米国教育厚生省 (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare) の定期刊行物に, Center for Disease Control (CDC) から“Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report”(MMWR) という週刊パンフレットが発行されています. 内容は合衆国の届出伝染病の週間州別発生速報が主ですが, ほかに各種疾患の集団発生報告や調査記録なども載つています. その中から興味ありそうな記事を選んで抄録しましよう.

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