The incidence of renal candidiasis has recently increased. However, few papers have been published on immunological aspect of it. Methods have not been established yet for the serodiagnosis of the disease.
The authors extracted the antigen from candida organisms, examined its chemical properties, and investigated it immunologically. In addition, they inoculated candida organisms into the kidney of a rabbit to induce renal candidiasis and studied the immune reaction of the rabbit after inoculation.
The component of the polysaccharides of purified antigen extracted from candida albicans A was mannose, which occupied 72 per cent of the total amount, and that from candida albicans B was also mannose, which occupied 47.5 per cent.
The gel precipitation reaction between purified antigen and control candida antiserum resulted in an appearance of a sharp precipitation line. The purified antigen was serologically homogenous.
The immune reaction of the rabbit renal candidiasis was examined by passive hemagglutination reaction and precipitation reaction. It was found that this immune reaction had appeared immediately after inoculation with the candida organism. The intensity and the rise and fall of the immune reaction varied according to the species of candida organism.
The hemagglutination reaction with purified antigen used for sensitization was thought to be high in specificity and sensibility. It is assumed that this reaction can be available for the serodiagnosis of renal candidiasis. The availability of this hemagglutination reaction for this purpose is now under investigation by applying the reaction actually to clinical cases.

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HBsAg in urine was detected in 2 cases out of 16 asymptomatic carriers by radioimmunoassay.
It was noted that HB antigenuria was revealed in 2 out of 3 carriers with chronic nephritis
In a case of HBsAg positive acute hepatitis, HBsAg was detected in urine collected at 9th, 14th and 56th day, in bile at 5th day, in feces at 39th day after the onset of illness: Antigenemia persisted for 35 days.
In a case of chronic nephritis and 5 cases of healthy adult without HB antigenemia, HBsAg was never been detected in urine by radioimmunoassay.
Specificity of HBsAg detected in urine by this method was confirmed by block test using standard human HBs antibody.

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Clinical and bacteriological investigations were carried out on 48 cases of bacteremia at Nagasaki University Hospital during the period from July, 1968 to December, 1973.
The results were as follows:
1) A total of sixty strains were isolated. Among these, 44 (73.3 per cent) were aerobic or facultatively anaerobic gram-negative bacilli, 10 (16.7 per cent) were gram-positive cocci and 6. (10 per cent) were anaerobes.
Klebsiella aerogenes was most frequently isolated from the cases of gram-negative bacilli bacteremia followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter in order. From gram-positive cocci bacteremia cases, a-streptococcus was isolated predominantly.
Gram-negative bacilli bacteremia, especially P. aeruginosa bacteremia had a tendency to increase in number in recent years.
In 8 cases (16.7%) of the total, two or more pathogenic organisms were isolated from the same individuals.
2) Among underlying diseases of the 48 cases, fatal haematological disorders and cancers occupied 43.8 per cent of the total. Others were renal diseases, post-operative status, diabetes mellitus and e.t.c.
3) Twenty-four cases out of the 48 (50%) were dead. Most of them had gram-negative bacilli infection. Thirty one per cent of them were dead due to the infection within 7 days after the detection of the bacteremia and 14.6 per cent of them within 3 days. The mortality rate of the bacteremia cases due to P. aeruginosa, K. aerogenes and E. coli was over 70. per cent.
All of 8 subacute bacterial endocarditis cases due to a-streptococcus or Peptostreptococcus and 4 out of 5 cases of typhoid fever recovered.
4) The portals of entry of the organisms were obscure in many cases. But, in the detected cases they were mainly the hepato-billiary tract, the urinary tract and the operations wound.

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