Fundamental and clinical evaluation of long-acting Cephalexin preparation (S-6436, Shionogi Pharm. CO. LTD.) was carried out and the results were as follows:
1. Three healthy male adults were adminsitered 500 mg of S-6436 orally at fasting time. Two out of three had biphasic peak serum levels one hour (average 5.2μg/ml) and 4 hours (average 6.2μg/ml) after oral administration. On the other hand, the rest had a peak serum level (7.2μg/ml) 2 hours after administration. Around 10 to 12 hours after administration it was not detectable in all three volunteers.
Urinary recovery rate was 74.3%(average) within 12 hours.
2. Nine patients with respiratory infections and three with U. T. I. were given 500 mg to 1, 000 mg twice daily after meal, two cases with respiratory infection and all cases with U.T.I. had good results.
No adverse reaction was noticed.

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S-6436 is a preparation of sustained release Cephalexin (CEX) showing long acting effect. B. I. D. regimens of S-6436 were studied in the patients having mild or moderate infections with good results.
Fifteen patients with urinary tract infections were orally given 1, 000mg/day of S-6436 in two divided doses, and 86.7% of the patients responded to the therapy.
No side effects due to the administration of S-6436 were observed.
From the above results, it is considered that S-6436 is a useful preparation in out-patients in whom CEX is indicated and besides repeated administration of the drug is difficult.

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Detection of Antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) by Thomas V. et al. (1974) was mainly applied to chronic respiratory infectious diseases.
Sputa to be tested for the presence of ACB were directly prepared on non-fluorescient slide glass. After fixing by 95% ethanol at 37° for 30 minutes, the smears were wahed in phosphte-buffered saline, ph 7.3 at 4° with the aid of a gentle vibrator. Smears were treated with 1: 5 dilution of fluoresceinconjugated antihuman IgG of rabbit origin (Behringwerke AG, West Germany), incubated at 37° for 30 minutes, and re-washed in the phosphate-buffered saline at 4°. Smears were examined microscopically for fluoresceince.
In cases with pseudomonal infections, a blood sample was collected at the time of examination of sputum and Original Endotoxin Protein (OEP) titers against Ps. aeruginosa were determined by the method of passive hemagglutination test.
Twenty-two patients with definite bacteria in sputa were selected for the study. Specimens from 8 of the 12 patients with chronic pseudomonal infections were fluorescen positive (ACB). This results were closely related to elevation of serum OEP-titer against Ps. aeruginosa. Only one case of seven patients with chronic respisatory diseases infected by H. influenzae had positive ACB and two cases of three with Str. pneumoniae infection had also positive ACB. On two cases with acute pulmonary infections due to Peptostreptococcus and H. influenzae, ACB were all detected in smears of sputa.
In conclusion, our results indicate that the immuno-fluoresence test for anitboyd-coated bacteria in sputa of patients with respiratory infectious diseases provides a diagnostic aid in early detection of pathogenic organisms.

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Pasteurella galinarum was isolated repeatedly from the venous blood of 54 years old woman who had been treated for the stenosis of the aortic valve for about two years.
Though the patient was medicated with mezlocillin and ceftezol, she died suddenly on the 108th hospital day. The finding of the autopsy showed the rupture (about 1cm in diameter) of the right auricula of her heart. The cause of the rupture was unknown.

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Most strains of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from human listeriosis in Japan so far have been identified as type 1 or type 4b. Only one case, from which type 4d strain isolated, was reported in 1974 by T. Nagai, one of the suthors.
A strain was isolated from the arteria and venous blood of a sepsis and meningitis patient (67 years old, male) in Toranomon Hospital Tokyo, August of 1976, and this strain was named as “Matsuya strain”.
Its morphological findings and biochemical properties were identical with those of Listeria monocytogenes. By serological tests, i.e. by cross agglutination test and absorption test using immune serum of standard strain (type 1 a, 1 b and 2) and Matsuya strain, it was identified as Listeria monocytogenes type 2.
Apart from this case, type 2 strain of Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from the blood of a sepsis patient (67 years old, male) in Niigata Prefecture, June of 1976.
The total number of human listeriosis cases in Japan counts 144 (form 1958 to 1976).

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