There have been a few reports of finding specific viral antibody in cerebrospinalfluid (C. S. F.) with rubella meningoencephalitis.
C. S. F. from twelve patients with rubella meningoencephalitis were examinied forantibody to rubella by following techniques:
Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody determination was done using the standard microtitration technique. C. S. F. was not pretreated with kaolin to remove non-specific inhibitors because there was insufficient protein in C. S. F. to saturate the kaolin, and thus the range of dilution could be satarted with undiluted specimens.
Neutralization test (NT) antibody was titrated employing plaque count method.
Complement fixation (CF) antibody was examined with common microtitration technique.
The results are as follows:
1. Rubella HI antibody was found in the C.S.F. of all twelve patients. The HI antibody titer ranged from 1: 2 to 1: 128. The peak antibody level showed in acute phase and it decreased slowly depending on the day of illness. This pattern was opposite to the serum antibody pattern.
2. Rubella NT antibody was found in the C.S.F. of six out of ten patients. The NT antibody titer ranged from 1: 2 to 1: 32. The NT antibody pattern depended on the day of illness and was similar to HI pattern.
3. Rubella CF antibody was found in the C.S.F. of four out of ten patients. The CF antibody titer ranged from 1: 2 to 1: 8. The CF antibody pattern was similar to the NT pattern.
4. An average serum/C. S. F. antibody ratio was as follows.
First ten days after the onset, it was 65 for HI and 60 for NT. Ten to fifteen days after the onset, it was 153 for HI and 384 for NT and after sixteen days, 523 for HI and 768 for NT.
5. No antibodies were found in the C.S.F. of the nineteen controls who had negative serum rubella HI antibody. In the case of another control group with all positive HI's in the serum, 16/19 (HI), 15/16 (NT) and 12/13 (CF) had negative titers. The positive cases were a mycoplasma encephalitis, a bacterial meningitis, an aseptic meningitis and an acute leukemia. The maximum antibody level of these cases was 1: 4.
6. These results confirmed that rubella antibody could be found in the C.S.F. of the rubella meningoencephalitis and it could be diagnosed rapidly to determined the HI antibody titers in the C. S. F. It was also suggested that the rubella virus which was probably in the central nervous system could be neutralized by the antibody in the C. S. F.
The further studies are required to clarify if these antibodies were produced in the central nervous systems or their localization there is due to a leak of the serum antibody through a hyperpermeable blood-brain-barrier.

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We isolated enteropathogens from 130 persons who had traveled around South-East Asia between June 1977 and December 1978, and obtained the following results.
1) The isolation rates of enteropathogens were 77.1% of the patients and 31.6% of the asymptomatic persons, and 43.9% all together. The patients mainly compained of diarrhoea and abdominal pain, but almost of the patients were mild.
2) We isolated 61 strains from 57 persons, which 39 strains of Salmonella, 8 strains of Shigella, 7 strains of V. parahaemolyticus, 3 strains of V. cholerae, NAG, 2 strains of P. shigelloides and 2 strains of Enteropathogenic E. coli. In 3 cases, more than two different species were isolated from each. V. cholerae (serovar 1), Yersinia and Edwardsiella were not isolated.
3) Though the isolation rate of June and September tend to be higher than the other months, organisms were isolated thoughout the year. Particularly, it was noteworthy that V. parahaemolyticus and, V. cholerae NAG were isolated between December and March. Considering these results, it seems we have to regard the imported enteropathogens as serious when we deal with diarrhoeal diseases in Japan.

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Much time and effort has been put into the study of the causal relationship between rheumatic fever and streptococcal infection. It is now established beyond question that such a relationship exists. Since the revision of the Jones criteria in 1965, it has become almost essential in the diagnosis of rheumatic fever to detect previous streptococcal infection.
As a result of the studies performed by Todd, Antistreptolysin 0 (ASO) has become the serological test most commonly employed for the detection of Group A streptococcal infection. However, confirmation tests carried out with β-lipoprotein have proven that the ASO test is not infallible; in fact, the ASO test is not applicable for 20% of the cases of acute rheumatic fever.
Because of this, the W. H. O. (World Health Organization) Committee on Rheumatic Fever recommended that other antibody tests be carried out in conjunction with the ASO test.
The present paper presents the results of a study of the two tests which use the reagents Latex ASL and Streptozyme, and the results of the Antihyaluronidase Test (AHD) and the Anti-Streptokinase Test (ASK). Neither of the Latex ASL and the Streptozyme Tests are currently employed and also little is known about the AHD Test. The ASK Test, which is based upon the principle of hemagglutination and was developed in our laboratory, is not in wide use in other countries at the moment.
In addition to this, the clinical value of the Strepto-Ion Exchangeing Test was evaluated for the first time. This is carried out by an agent which measures the antibody response to external enzymes of the streptococcus and is used to provide quick proof that streptococcal infection is present.
The results of these studies show that the ASO Test cannot sufficiently serologically detect streptococcal infection and as a result it was strongly recommended that at least two of the abovementioned tests be carried out in conjunction with the ASO Test for the purpose of diagnosis.
Furthermore, the writer has also conducted studies on the antibody response to Polysaccharide Antigen which is a component of the streptococcal body.
It is hoped that the results of these studies will prove useful in the worldwide battle against rheumatic fever.

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An ecological study regarding to carrier state of hemolytic streptococci was carried out, in a baby asylum at Setagaya in Tokyo, throughout a year from March 1956. Almost of isolates were group C streptococci from March to June, however, the streptococci completely disappeared in July. From autumn to winter, group A streptococci became dominant, among which types 4, 6 and 55-15 being prevalent. Group B streptococci seemed to endemically exist in this population except for summer. Sporadic appearances of streptococci other than group A, B and C were also observed.
In general, positiveness of hemolytic streptococci in this asylum seemed to be influenced with the age of individual baby and the frequency of contact with surrounding enviroments. Existence of socalled chronic carrier state was doubtful although some cases of higher susceptibility to streptococcus infection were observed.

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A case of giant abdominal wall abscess due to Bacteroides fragilis and other five species of non-sporeforming anaerobes was reported.
The patient, 26 years old housewife, experienced pollakisuria, left lumbago and fever (38-39°C) early in August, 1978. In near hospital she was treated with Ampicillin and Cephalexin under diagnosis of pyelonephritis, but did not improve. She noticed swelling of the left abdominal wall on August 10 Because she had had left hip joint tuberculosis, she was admitted on suspicion of tuberculous cold abscess on September 4. By the puncture of the abscess in the left lower part of the abdominal wall, foul pus was collected and the result of acid-fast stain and aerobic culture was negative. On the other hand, anaerobic culture showed a great number of B. fragilis with some anaerobic Gram-positive cocci. Abdominal wall abscess due to anaerobes was diagnosed and surgical drainage was performed at once; abundant foul grey-yellowish pus was drained. The chemotherapy of Lincomycin 2.4 g/day, i.v. andMinocycline 100mg/day, p.o. was started and from the next day fever fell down. After the chemotherapy for six weeks and irrigation of the abscess cavity by chlorhexidine (Hibitane) for two weeks, she improved completely.
B. fragilis was abundantly isolated from all four cultures with Peptostreptococcus micros, Psc. anaerobius, Psc. sp., Peptococcus sacchrolyticus and anaerobic non-sporeforming Gram-positive bacilli. One colony of M. tuberculosis was cultured only one time, but it was considered to be not pathogenic.
Abdominal wall abscess is generally known to follow surgical operations, infections or trauma of gastrointestinal tract and female genital organs. It was assumed that the abscess in this case had followed urinary tract infection.

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