Rubella HI antibody titer was estimated among 302 child-bearing age women, 14 young male adults and 65 children. After the epidemic in 1975-1976, distribution of antibody titer was studied in the same group.
In young adults, sero-positive rate is 66.1% before, and 73.3% after the epidemic.
Infection-rate and symptomless infection-rate is 10.5% eithes.
In children, HI antibody titer in different agegroups prior to and after the epidemic is as following. 0-1 yr: 0-0%, 2-3 yr: 0-40.0%, 4-5 yr: 0-50.0%, 6-7 yr: 13.3-33.3%, 8-9 yr: 23.1-46.2%, and 10-15 yr: 27.2-36.4%.
After this epidemic, antibody titer did not elevated in 70% of sero-negative children.
In rubella epidemic, the children suffered from other virus infection are to be diagnosed as rubella some times. In 5 yr girl complaining slight fever, milliar paples appeared on her abdomen. The cervical and occipital lymphnodes were palpable. Her two brothers were suffered from rubella about 1 month and 2 weeks prior to her episode respectively. So she was strongly suspected as rubella, but rubella HI titer was below 1: 8 in her pair serum. Adeno, ECHO, or Cox CF antibody was not detected.
In our observation in this epidemic, we had 9 cases who were suspected as rubella but negative rubella HI titer. 3 of these 9 cases were measles. 2 were adeno virus infection. Serological test is essential for established diagnosis.

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A double blind comparative study on scarlet fever was performed with bacampicillin (BAPC), an ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester of ampicillin (ABPC), and Talampicillin (TAPC), a phtalidyl ester of ABPC.
1. A total of 133 patients were treated with BAPC and 134 with TAPC. BAPC capsules or TAPC capsules were made to contain 50 mg activity of ABPC.
2. Patients weighing less than 20 kg were administered at a daily dose of 400 mg activity (8capsules in four equally divided doses). Patients weighing 20 kg or more and less than 30 kg were administered at a daily dose of 600 mg activity (12 capsules in four equally divided doses).
All patients were administered for 7 days.
3. Thirty-one patients were excluded and one patient was dropped out. Analyses for assessment were made on 120 patients of the BAPC group and 115 patients of the TAPC group.
4. There were no significant differences in all background characteristics between the two groups.
5. A total of 136 strains of streptococci isolated from the pharynx were examined. The MIC to ABPC and PCG were all under 0.025μg/ml.
6. In 115/120 (95.8%) of the BAPC group and 110/115 (95.6%) of the TAPC group, the overall clinical efficacy was judged as excellent or good.
In 116/120 (96.7%) of the BAPC group and 112/115 (97.4%) of the TAPC group, the clinical usefulness was judged as very satisfactory or satisfactory.
There was no significant difference between the two groups.
7. In most cases of both groups, pharyngeal streptococci disappeared within 24 hours after initiation of medication.
8. In four cases of the BAPC group and one case of the TAPC group, streptococci reappeared in the pharynx after the drug administration.
9. Daily improvements of body temperature, exanthema, pharyngeal redness and pharyngeal streptococci were not significantly different between the two drugs.
10. Side effects, such as mild drug eruption, diarrhea and vomiting were observed in six cases of the BAPC group.
One case of loose stool was observed in the TAPC group. But there was not significant difference between the two groups.
11. Laboratory parameters were examined for each 122 cases of both groups before and after the medication.
An elevation of transaminase and an eosinophilia were observed in both groups, none of which was, however, not serious.
From this comparative study, we concluded that BAPC was as effective and as useful as TAPC for the therapy of scarlet fever.

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A case of Plasmodium ovale malaria was confirmed in a boy of 15 years old, who stayed in Nigeria from December, 1971 through August, 1973. On January 15, 1974, i.e., five months after he returned to Japan, he suffered from intermittent fever of up to 40°C.
He was refractory to antibiotics given by the practitioner, and was admitted to the hospital of Osaka Medical College on January 21. The laboratory examination on the blood proved that the case was an ovale malaria infected by Plasmodium ovale. Chloropuine (1500 mg) followed by Primapuine (210mg) were given.
Thenceforth, up until January 1977, the regular check-up made once a year has shown no evidence of relapse at all.
This is the latest one of the only four published cases of ovale malaria imported into Japan.
Although Plasmodium falciparum is the predominant endemic species of malaria parasite in the west coast of Africa, the ovale malaria should be always suspected in anybody who suffers from malaria more than a month after returning from aforesaid area.

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