Hepatitis induced by ECHO 6 virus were investigated with 6-week-old BABL/C mice, serum frompatients of aseptic meningitis and the following results were obtained.
1. Serum transaminase activity from patients of aseptic meningitis due to ECHO 6 were slightlyraised.
2. Serum transaminase activity from mice which were inoculated intraperitoneal with prototypeof ECHO 6, 6′, 6′′ and wild type of ECHO 6 virus were slightly raised and rate of hepatitis were16-43%.
3. On histopathological research, hepatitis due to ECHO 6, 6′, 6′′ virus were recognized.

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The strains of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni were isolated on stool culture from 6 of 29 patients with suspected infectious diarrhea during a five-month period (December, 1978 to April, 1979). This high incidence of Campylobacter enteritis coincided with many reports recently published in foreign countries in which the organism has proved to be a common cause of enteritis. The importance of Campylobacter as a new enteropathogen was discussed.

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In recent years there have been reported many cases of group B streptococcal infection in the newborns.
In this report the authors conducted sero-typing of the total of 217 strains of group B streptococci isolated from clinical cases in various parts of Japan during the period of 1976-1978 and from healthy school children during the period of 1973-1975. The following results were obtained.
1. Among 80 cases of clinical cases, who had been well documented, the 34 strains were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and/or blood of the neonatal patients suffering frommeningitis and/or sepsis.
The 11 s trains were from the newborns, who were small for date or of amniotic infection syndrome, including the newborns without a clinical sign. And 9 strains were from vaginal cultures of the mothers of the newborns suffering from meningitis and/cr sepsis.
2. The most prevalent types were type III (31.3%), type III-R (25.0%) and type Ia (22.5%).
3. Of 32 cases with meningitis and/or sepsis, 15 cases were of so-called early onset type and 17 cases were of late onset type according to the criteria by Baker.
The most prevalent sero-types for both were type III and type III-R, and there was obsered no difference between two Baker's types in the distribution of serotypes. This is a little different situation from the reports of other countries on the distributior of sero-types among the patients of early onset and late onset type.
4. The positive rate of group B streptococci among healthy primary school children was 1.1 on the average and the most prevalent types were type Ia (29.1%), type III (27.2%) and type Ic (27.2%), showing a little difference from the results on the clinical cases of neonatal infection by group B streptococci in the above.

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Twelve children with acute lymphatic leukemia were performed blood cultures and the measurements of serum immunoglobulins at the onset, the introductory remission stage and the terminal stage, on their clinical course.
Neither positive blood culture nor the decrease of serum globulin were found at the onset or the introductory remission stage even when granulocytopenia and pyrexia were observed.
However, in all 5 cases at the terminal stage positive blood cultures were found.
In 9 cases of positive blood cultures pyrexia and granulocytopenia were observed in 9 and 5 respectively.
The blood cultures showed Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacteroides clostridiiformis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram positive anaerobic rots.
High rate of morbidity in the bacterial infection was shown in children having less than 500 mg/dl serum globulin, and in these cases the decrease of IgM was remarkable.
Blood cultures were positive in 15.7% of 44 specimens at the terminal stage in spite of antibiotic treatment which often have been cousidered to triggered mixed infections.
Fecal bacterial counts were performed at the time of hospitalization and the terminal stage.
The number of Bifidobacterium decreased from 10⁸/g to 10/g and that of Enterobacter increased from 10⁶/g to 10⁸/g.The fecal pH was 5.4 at time of admission to hospital and 8.3 at the terminal stage.
It is necessary to investigate whether the alteration of the fecal flora and pH depend on the longterm medication of antibiotics or the immunological deficiency of the host.

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The compromised infections in premature babies and infants, especially the Pseudomonas infections in the incubators were studied.
1) The bacteremia after the exchange blood transfusion in the pediatric ward was observed in 3 of 16 cases (19%). The isolated bacilli were S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa which may be the pathogens of opportunistic infections.
2) After the lumbar puncture or the, suction of the respiratory tract, the bacteremia was occured in two infants younger than 3 months, and the bacilli isolated were E. aerogenes and C. intermedius biotype a. which were those of normal flora in the human feces.
3) The strains of P. aeruginosa, serum type group III G were isolated from the sink and the sanitation room. This serum type Pseudomonas had been found from the same places for 4-6 months. The best method to prevent the steady presence of the Pseudomonas in the skin was to be keeping dry the sink rather than cleaning by disinfectants.

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