We investigated the isolative frequency of bacteria isolated from sputum from 1971 to 1980. The results were as follows:
1) The total number of specimens increased two times for the past ten years. The frequency of isolation of bacteria remained relatively unchanged; about fifty percent in every year.
2) The isolative frequency of gram negative rod, especially glucose non-fermentative gram negative rod (except Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Serratia marcescens markedly increased, but at the same time that of Klebsiella aerogenes decreased.
3) The isolative frequency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae tends to increase.
4) Mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa decreased in frequency, and were more susceptible to antibiotics than those of non-mucoid strains.

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Mice immunized by a single injection of SPA from cultures of S. enteritidis strain 2547 (high SPAproducing strain) tolerated a challenge with 100 LD₅₀ of the same strain of oraganisms. But, with non-SPAproducing strain (strain 2822), no such effect was observed. Normal mice injected with mouse immune serum to SPA of strain 2547 proved capable of tolerating a challenge dose of 10 LD₅₀, thus being protected from fatal infection. After absorption of the immune serum with SPA, the injection was no longer effective against infection. The and-SPA immune serum practically did not contain antibodies to 0 or H antigen of the organism, and that the protective effect of immune serm varied among strains though sharing the same structural patterns of 0 and H antigens. It appears to follow that the protective antibody may be distinct from anti-0 and anti-H antibodies.
Experiments have shown that the protective effect correlates well with the SPA production even when assessed using heat-killed organisms (HK) or formol vaccine (FV).
The protective effect of SPA became manifest at 3 days after injection for immunization and was still demonstrable at 180 days, whereas that of the passive transfer of immune serum disappeared by 90 days. The finding indicates that not only humoral antibodies but also other factors as well are involved in the protection against salmonella infection by immunization with SPA.
Suppression of macrophage migration was evident on the migration inhibition test with peritoneal cells from mice immunized with SPA, thereby suggesting a possible involvement of cell-mediated immunity.
Groups of mice immunized with SPA were examined for enumeration of bacteria in the blood and viscera following a challenge by a highly virulent strain. The inoculant organism showed a slight increase in number and then gradually diminished to become completely eradicated. With non-SPA-producing strains, no such effect was observed; the bacterial populations in the blood and organs increased progressively, with eventual death of the animals.

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During the period of 1971-1980, a total of 24 outbreaks of staphylococcal food poisoning occurred in Gifu prefecture. Isolates from these outbreaks were the coagulase type II, III, VI and VII.
Of them, a case of a protective institution caused by coagulase type VI strain isolated from incriminated rice ball was investigated epidemiologically and bacteriologically.
Although, coagulase type VI cocci were isolated dominantly from incriminated rice ball, no organisms were detected in food materials or swabs of kitchen utensils. There were some similarities between the isolates from incriminated food and the isolates from mouthwashings of the staffs who prepared the rice ball.
It seems likely from these investigation that the outbreak was caused by the rice ball which had been contaminated with staphylococci in upper respiratory tract of staffs.

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Miloxacin was used in the treatment of acute intestinitis with the following results.
Miloxacin was found to be effective in 21 out of 25 cases, giving an efficacy rate of 84%.
When these results were inspected by the causative organisms isolated, Miloxacin was active against 5 of 6 strains of E. coli, 3 strains of Citrobacter, 2 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and 1 strain each of Klebsiella, Proteus and Campylobacter.
As the side effects, in 1 case dizziness developed.
Treatment was not associated with anything unusal in laboratory findings which could apparently be attributed to Miloxacin.

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A 5-year-old female who fell ill with fever on 21st, Nov., 1980 showed vomiting and headache and then was diagnosed as aseptic meningitis. On 2nd Dec. she was admitted to this hospital. Thereafter she had intermittent fever and showed a positive Kernig's sign, stiffness of the neck, stupor, light paresis in left extremities and pain in the abdomen and other parts of body.
Cerebrospinal fluid (C.S.F) showed pleocytosis and increment of protein contents. Bacteriological cultures of 3 C.S.F. were found positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the complement fixing serum antibodies against poliovirus type 2 also appeared at the stage between the 27 and 48 days of disease and she showed the rise of the neutralizing antibody titer of serum against this virus strain in the course of the disease. Therefore, she was diagnosed as a complication of tuberculous meningitis and poliomyelitis due to poliovirus type 2.
The origin of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was suspected her aunt who had had pulmonary tuberculosis. The origin of poliovirus type 2, however, could not be clarified because she had not received the live vaccine of poliovirus and nobody was suffered from poliomyelitis in her neighborhood. It was tried without effects to isolate the virus from her materials. Then, biological characters of the poliovirus type 2 with which she was infected could not be studied.

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Pasteurella multocida is a small gram-negative bacillus commonly encountered in the oropharynx of wild and domestic animals. The organism has been recognized as the causative agent of haemorrhagic septicemia in several species of animals and is associated with fowl cholera.
The most human infections with P. multocida is a local celluitis following animal-inflicted wounds preponderantly cat bites and scratches.
Pulmonary infections with P. multocida are unusual because of lack of familiarity with the organism but are being reported more frequently in foreign literature. The occurence of this organism in the respiratory tract has not previously been described in Japan.
In this report, a 53-year-old Japanese farmer with bronchiectasis is described in which P. multocida was isolated from the sputum on several occasions in significant numbers. This organism was sensitive to a number of antimicrobial drugs in common use today except sulfa drug.
The patient was hospitalized and ST-compound was administered orally 4 tab. per day. Marked clinical improvement was noted, the sputum reduced and cultures of the sputum were negative for pathogenic organism, including P. multocida.
We think, P. multocida might be a possible pathogen in a patient with underlying chronic bronchopulmonary disease or immunosuppression.

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