The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed by Engvall & Perlmann. Recently Voller & Bidwell introduced a micro modification of this assay for detection of viral antibodies.
It is known that many nonspecific factors may affect the outcome of this test. These factors must be eliminated for application to the routine serological test.
In this study micro-ELISA is adapted for varicella zoster, measles and rubella virus by elimination of nonspecific reaction. The procedures as follows enable us to detect each antibody.
1. The addition of sodium azide to the enzyme-conjugated solution and the adsorption anti -human embryo lung antibodies from sera employed are effective factors in the detection of ELISA antib odies to varicella zoster virus.
2. And in the detection of antibodies to measles and rubella virus, the addition of sodium azids and coating sensitized wells with I% BSA are effective in the success of the ELISA procedure.

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Automation of microbiology tests is a matter of great importance in the field of clinical laboratory work. Various tests were performed to evaluate the auto microbic system (AMS, Vitek System, Inc), particularly the specificity and sensitivity of the urine identification card. With the urine identification card, it is possible to identify 9 species of bacteria which can be isolated at high frequency and enumerate the number of colony forming units in the urine sample. Used as test materials were seed specimens prepared from standard strains and 807 clinical urine samples. Evaluation was made by comparison of results obtained by the clinical microbiology laboratory (CML) method and AMS.
The results showed agreement in more than 95% for the various species of bacteria with a small number presenting false positive finding. In order to make identification with AMS, 10^4-5/ml of colony forming units (CFU) for each species, and detection cannot be made with less than 10³/ml of CFU in unine.
The card is inoculated with the sample directly, and as the respective microwells have high selectivity, Isolated culture is not necessary. The results can be get within 13 hours, which is much more rapid than conventional method, and thus it is considered to be quite promicing as a clinical procudure.

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Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) technique has been introduced in the detection for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HGsAg) in recent years.
The present trial was carried out to determine the feasibility of using new EIA technique (Hepanostika) for detection of HBsAg in serum and excrets of HBsAg carrier, in comparison with RIA (Ausria II) and RPHA (Auscell, Abott. Reverscell, Meguroken. and Eisaicell, Eisai).
Results obtained were as follows:
One hundred and ninty six out of 2, 768 sera of healthy individuals were HBsAg positive in EIA and RIA.
Five out of 196 positive sera in these methods were negative in three RPHA methods.
Twenty eight out of 222 sera from patients with liver diseases were HBsAg positive in EIA, RIA and Auscell. Two of these positive sera were negative in Reverscell and Eisaicell.
Serial survey of three patients with acute hepatitis B revealed that the sera remained positive for 1-2 weeks in EIA and RIA, while three methods of RPHA could not detect HBsAg.
Most striking was that the sera from a patient with chronic persistent hepatitis B remained positive for 6 months by Auscell, 10 months by EIA, 14 months by RIA even after the methods by Reverscell and Eisaicell had failed to detect the presence of HBsAg.
It was noted that HBsAg was detected in 20 and 16 out of 61 saliva samples by RIA and EIA respectively, and in 5 out of 6 ascites samples by both methods.
These results indicate that sensitivity of Hepanostika might be equal or less than. of RIA and more than that of RPHA for detection of HBsAg.

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Antigenic analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus with new combination of O and K antigen, O11: K19, O 12: K19, O1: K33 and O3: K51, was carried out. The results were as follows.
1. The O antigens of strain GI-77-V-4 (O11: K19), strain GI-75-V-100 (O1: K33) and strain GI-75-V-116 (O3: K51) agreed perfectly with the corresponding pilot st rains.
2. The K antigens of strain GI-77-V-4 and strain OP -204 agreed perfectly with pilot strain (O7: K19).
3. Strain GI-75-V-100 had two kinds of specific K antigens and had a K subantigen in commonwith pilot strain (O3: K33), but the main K antigen of the isolate was different from the known K antigen types from type I to type 64.
4. Strain GI-75-V-116 had a main K antigen in common with pilot strain (O11: K51) but had also a K subantigen which was not common with the pilot strain.
5. It was shown that pilot strain (O3: K33) and pilot strain (O11: K51) possessed two kinds of specific K antigens, one was a known type and the other an unknown.

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In my previous paper, the isolation rates of group B streptococci (GBS) in the vagina of pregnant and non-pregnant women and the serotypes of GBS isolated were reported. The present study was performed with the antibiotic susceptivility of 46 strains isolated from the vagina of the same women as prepreviously reported.
Measurements of antibiotic susceptibility to PC-G, CER, TC, CP, EM, LCM were determined as the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) by an agar dilution method and then the relationship of serotype and resistant pattern were studied.
The results were as follows. All the strains were found sensitive to both PC-G and CER with the MIC value below 0.05 17 strains (37.0%) were resistant to TC with the MIC value above 50 tg/ml. 4 strains (8.7%) were resistant to CP with the MIC value above 25 μg/ml. 1 strain (2.2%) was resistant to EM with the MIC value as large as 12.5 μg/ml and 1 strain (2.2%) was highly resistant to LCM with the MIC value as large as 100 ug/ml.
The characteristics of the distribution of resistant pattern in relation to serotypes were as follows. CP-single resistance distributed IIIR, 1 strain; TC-single resistance Ia, 8 strains; IIIR, 2 strains; Ic, 1 strain; R, 1 strain; others, 1 strain; TC. CP resistant strains were IIIR, 2 strains; III, 1 strain; all of the TC. EM. LCM resistant strain was R, 1 strain.
The distribution frequency of each serotype that was resistant to any antibiotics was as follows. I I IR, 83.3 %; R, 66.7%; Ia, 57.1 %; Ib, 0% Ic, 11.1 %; 111, 10%. Thus the differences of resistant patterns by the serotypes have been found.

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