Antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) were investigated in the urinary sediment of 36 pediatric patients with urinary tract infections.
The results were as follows:
1) ACB test was positive in 19 of the 36 patients and negative in 17. Recurrent infection was seen in 17 (89.5%) of the 19 patients and urological underlying disorders in 11 (57.9%).
Recurrent infection was seen in 1 (5.9%) of the 17 patients and urological underlying disorders in 3 (17.6%).
2) These patients were classified according to clinical symptoms and laboratory findings. ACB test was positive in all 6 patients with upper UTI; negative in 7 of the 12 patients with lower UTI, but positive in 5 with recurrent infections or underlying disorders; and negative in 10 of the 18 patients with undetected portion of UTI, but positive in 8 with recurrent infections or underlying disorders. 3) IgG, IgA and IgM were observed in 10, 5 and 5 patients with positive ACB tests respectively.
4) The relationship was investigated between ACB technique and serum antibody titers. ACB test was positive in patients with more than 250 titers and even 64-128 titers.
These results were well in accord with the results obtained by ACB technique in adult patients diagnosed as having UTI by the direct method.
Therefore, these results indicate that ACB technique is very useful for level diagnosis of pediatric patients with UTI.

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The effect of Inosiplex, an antiviral agent, on host defense against infection was studied. Inosiplex augmented, to the same extent Levamisole did, lymphocyte proliferation stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A or mixed lymphocyte culture, but not with lipopolysaccharide, suggesting that Inosiplex chiefly act on the T cells. Inosiplex increased antibody production either in in vitro or in vivo experimental system and displayed most prominent effect in secondary response. In contrast, Levamisole had no effect on secondary response, suggesting that Inosiplex and Levamisole had different mode of action. Inosiplex potentiated cell-mediated immunity, phagocytotic activity and immune interferon production, but showed no influence on cytolytic activity of killer T cells, natural killer cells or on antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolysis.

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The effects of inosiplex, an antiviral agent, against viral growth in vitro and on experimental viral infections in vivo were examined. Inosiplex showed a relatively broad antiviral spectrum, inhibiting DNA viruses including herpes simplex virus (HSV) and vaccinia virus as well as RNA viruses including influenza virus (INFV) and parainfluenza virus. The survival of animals infected with a DNA virus (HSV) or an RNA virus (INFV) was increased by the administration of Inosiplex. The anti-INFV action was also observed in immunosuppressed mice. The administration of Inosiplex after primary infection conferred strong resistance to secondary infection. This resistance could be passively transferred by transplantation of lymphocytes from Inosiplex-treated donors to susceptible recipients. The protective activity of Inosiplex against secondary INFV infections was also demonstrated when treatment was initiated after the start of the secondary infection. The effect was most striking when the substance was given both before and after secondary infection. Consideration of the above-described activity of Inosiplex, particularly its passive transferability, suggests that Inosiplex can exert its protective action against INFV infections both as a viral growth inhibitor, and as a potentiator of host defenses.

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Columbia CNA defibrinated sheep blood agar is useful for the isolation of group A, B, C and G streptococci, compared with heart infusion defibrinated sheep blood agar. In our laboratory we have prepared CNA blood agar by means of addition of Colistin (10μg/ml) and Nalidixic acid (15μ/g/ml) to heart infusion defibrinated sheep blood agar. This medium is also useful for the isolation of hemolytic streptococci as well as Columbia CNA blood agar.
However both media permit growth of staphylococcus. Therefore we needed a new selective medium to inhibit growth of bacteria containing staphylococcus. For the purpose we have achieved to prepare “N-O bloodagar”. The following formula was used for the “N-O blood agar” 1 mg of crystal violet, 3 g of yeast extract and 20 g of NaCl and 1 liter of CNA blood agar.
The N-O blood agar is sufficiently excellent to enhance the detection rate of hemolytic streptococci. The detection rate of group A, B, C and G streptococci from 233 children's thiroats was 30.0% by using N-O blood agar and 11.6% by using heart infusion blood agar. The isolated hemolytic streptococcus contained all of group A, B, C and G and especially the detection rate of group B was enhanced.

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Hemagglutinin (HA), one of the component of Bordetella pertussis, has recently been proved to be protective antigen. The component vaccine, mainly composed of B. pertussis hemagglutinin (HA vaccine), has been in the step of laboratory investigation and clinical trial. Systemic and local side effect of HA vaccine is less remarkable than that of convenient whole cell vaccine. In order to estimate the effect of this vaccine, the pertussis single-radial-hemolysis (SRH) test for determining the anti-fimbrialhemagglutinin titer is devised by the author. Fimbrial hemagglutinin (F-HA) is one of two distinct hemagglutinins, and is derived from fimbriae of B. pertussis. The pertussis SRH test depends on the passive hemolysis of F-HA-treated chicken erythrocytes by anti-F-HA antibody and complement.
In this study, serum samples from guinea pigs and infants, both immunized with HA vaccine, were assayed for the anti-F-HA titer and also for the K agglutinin titer to Tohama strain. The immunoglobulin class of the anti-F-HA antibody in each sample N-as also studied.
HA vaccine and incomplete adjuvant for the immunization were injected intramuscularly to guinea pigs, and anti-F-HA titers were assayed 1-12 weeks after inoculation. No samples showed elevated anti-F-HA titers before or one week after immunization. After the 2nd week all th samples exhibited elevated anti-F-HA titers. The K agglutinin a-tivity to Tohama strain was not detected in all the sera before or 1 week after immunization. Although majority of samples collected after 2 weeks exhibited unequivocally elevated K agglutinin titers, several samples were found to have K agglutinin titers less. than 1: 10.
Children from 3 months to 3 years and 6 months of age were immunized with HA vaccine (0.5 ml-0.5 ml at monthly interval for primary immunization and 0.5 ml 1 year after primary immunizationz) and serum samples were collected before and 4 weeks after each immunization. No samples showed elevated anti-F-HA titers before the 1st and the 3rd immunization. The elevation of anti-F-HA titers were seen in 94.1% of all samples after the 1st immunization. After the 2nd and the 3rd immunization, all the samples exhibited elevated anti-F-HA titers. The K a-glutinin titers were low in all the samples collected before the 1st and the 3rd immunization. Although majority of samples collected after each immunization showed elevated K agglutinin titers, several samples kept low titers.
Samples pretreated with 2-mercaptoethanol showed same anti-F-HA titers as non-treated control, whereas samples pretreated with cells of Staphylococcus aureus showed no anti-F-HA titers. These facts suggested -anti-F-HA antibody to be IgG.
From these results, the pertussis SRH test may be more sensitive than the K agglutinin test for the estimation of effective HA vaccination. The merits of the pertussis SRH test are as follows, 1) this is the specific measurement of anti-F-HA titers, 2) smaller amount of serum is needed than the conventional assay, 3) the procedure is simple, cheap and time-saving.

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Fundamental and clinical studies of tobramycin (TOB) were performed, and the results obtained were as follows:
1) TOB was administered intramuscularly or intravenously (one shot, i.v. drip infusion over 15 or 30 minutes) in rabbits and children, and serum levels were measured. Serum levels after intramuscular injection were similar pattern to them after i.v. drip infusion over 30 and 60 minutes in rabbits and children, respectively.
2) MICs of TOB against 14 strains of E.coli isolated from urine, except for a strain, were 1.56 mcg/ml or less.
3) TOB was intravenously administered to 10 patients with urinary ti act infection. The clinical effects obtained were excellent in 6 cases, good in 3 cases and fair in 1 case.
Based on the results, it is suggested that satisfactory clinical efficacy can be obtained in pediatric gram-negativ bacillar infections with 4 to 7.5 mg/kg/day of TOB in infants and with 3 to 6 mg/kg/day in children in 2 to 3 divided doses.

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Pasteurella ureae was isolated from the sputum of a patient suffering from bronchopneumonia as a possible etiological agent. The isolate possessed identical characteristics with those of the type strain of the species and was susceptible to penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines and chloramphenicol.

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