Serologic responses in patients with Campylobacter enteritis were investigated in order to know the relation to the clinical picture of its enteritis. Serotype of C. jejuni strain isolated from each patient was determined by using the antisera against C. jejuni (kindly given by Dr. H. Nakanishi), and then the antibody titer was measured with agglutination test of the heated C. jejuni isolated from the each patient as the bacterial antigen. Several serologic data were obtained as follows, 1) The antibody appears during the first or the second weeks of illness and is detectable during the ensuing six months. 2) Asymptomatic infection may demonstrated by serologic studies especially in epidemic outbreaks. 3) Several different serotypes of C. jejuni may infect concurrently in one epidemic outbreake. 4) There was not the relationship between the serotype of the etiologic organism and the clinical picture of Campylobacter enteritis.
It is an urgent need to develop a typing scheme for C. jejuni and to obtain the common antigen of them.

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Fifty three cases of SLE patients were studied with regard to development of herpes zoster.
Forty cases of Lymphoma patients were studied as disease control.
Corelation between the steroid administration and herpes zoster infection was examined and the causes that herpes zoster occured frequently in SLE patients were studied on clinical and laboratory findings of 53 SLE patients.
Results showed as following:
1. Herpes zoster occured in 21 cases (40%) in SLE patients and in 3 cases (7.5%) in Lymphoma patients.
2. Multiple episodes were found in 5 cases including a case who had 5 episodes in SLE patients, but were not found in Lymphoma patient.
3. Fourteen cases were infected with herpes zoster within 3 years since the onset of SLE. Only 4 cases were infected after 5 years since the onset of SLE. All of 3 cases of Lymphoma patients were infected at the end stage.
4. The average dose of the steroid administration showed that initial dose was the more and total dose for 3 years was the less in patients with herpes zoster infection than without herpes zoster infection.
5. Decrease of complement titer was found in almost of SLE patient with herpes zoster infection and with multiple episodes, but not in Lymphoma patients.
6. Leukocytopenia, increases level of BUN, CRTNN, GOT, and LDH were found in patients with herpes zoster infection. (P<0.05)
By computer analysis, we conclude that leukocytopenia or renal failure seems to be a risk factor of herpes zoster infection, which occurs frequently in SLE.

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Our group have evaluated the presence of antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) in pus, exudate and secretions collected from various purulent loci other than those in urinary tract which were reported by Thomas, et al. The results of examination for ACB had a good correlation with a direct method for detecting bacteria by means of Gram stain and pure culture.
In 97 of 168 specimens obtained from 131 cases, bacteriologic culture were positive and ACB were negative. Among these cases, significance of most of the bacteria isolated was not clear. In 39 specimens which were ACB was positive, 35 were positive bacteriologic culture and 4 were negative. In these 4 specimens obtained from the sites apparently having infection, the findings of positive ACB with negative bacteriologic culture suggested that in these cases the presence of ACB was more useful than bacteria culture in establishing a diagnosis. In regard to the frequency of bacteria isolated and bacteria which showed positive fluorescence, E. coli was most frequently seen followed by Bacteroides group, such as α, β, γ-Streptococcus, Enterococcus and S. marcescence were also frequently isolated from the specimens, but ACB were negative in almost of strains. The isolation of Proteus groups was rare, however in most of these cases positive fluorescence were usually observed.
The intensity of fluorescence had a little correlation with the number of bacteria detected. The more bacteria existed, the heavier staining tend to be.
Our results indicate that the immunofluorescence test for ACB in the site of infection provides a simple and reliable diagnostic aid. By using this test, even a small amount of specimens can be examined within a short period; and the morphology, the number of bacteria can also be studied in the test. For this reason, the causative organism can be quickly identified without wasting a lot of time waiting the culture results, therefore the test is useful especially when anaerobic groups appear to be the pathogenic organisms.

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Chloramphenicol-resistant or both ampicillin- and chloramphenicol-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae has rarely been isolated. We have found five chloramphenicol-resistant H. influenzae in 1979 and five strains in 1980. The source and incidence of H. influenzae strains were as follows: from washed sputum, 8; nasopharynx, 1; cerebrospinal fluid, 1: Furthermore, four strains of both ampicillin- and chloramphenicolresistant H. influenzae were isolated from clinical specimen (washed sputum, 2; nasopharynx, 1; otorrhea, 1) in 1980.
Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by agar dilution method with inoculation of 106/ml.
Chloramphenicol-resistant strains were found to have MICs of more than 6.25μ/ml. In order to clarify whether these strains produce chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CATase) or not, we examined by the method described by Manten (1976).
All these chloramphenicol-resistant and both ampicillin- and chloramphenicol-resistant strains were proved to produce CATase.
Four strains of both ampicillin- and chloramphenicol-resistant H. influenzae showed beta-lactamase positive.
Considering the emergence of both ampicillin- and chloramphenicol-resistant strains, recommendation of Committee on Infectious Diseases stating that the initial therapy for serious infections due to H. influenzae has become insufficient.
We should be alert to antimicrobial resistance of H. influenzae, and alternative forms of treatment should be studied.

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The clinical efficacy and safety of cefadroxil (CDX) and cephalexin (CEX) were evaluated in patients with scarlet fever using a double blind clinical trial.
1) Patients weighing less than 20 kg were administered 600 mg of CDX or 800 mg of CEX. Patients weighing more than 20 kg and less than 30 kg were administered 900 mg of CDX or 1200 mg of CEX. CDX was administered orally 3 times a day for 7 days, while CEX was administered orally 4 times a day for 7 days.
2) A total of 336 patients were treated. Clinical efficacy was examined with 158 patients receiving CDX and 161 patients receiving CEX.
3) There was no statistically significant difference between CDX and CEX in overall efficacy and utility.
4) Patients with disappearance of streptococci of CDX group were more than those of CEX group, but no statistically significant difference was observed between 2 drugs.
5) There was no statistically significant difference between 2 drugs in efficacy on fever, exanthema, pharyngeal redness and pharyngeal streptococci.
6) Adverse reactions were reported in 1 patient receiving CDX and 3 patients receiving CEX. There was no statistically significant difference between 2 drugs.

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In an attempt to define the relative risk of exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) for health-care personnel, we conducted a serologic survery of 3, 083 hospital employees and 2, 169 nonhospital personnel on Ishigaki Island, and in Miyazaki and Fukuoka Prefectures.
Average frequencies of 7.0 and 38.6% on Ishigaki Island, 3.2 and 25.1% in Miyazaki Pref. and 3.4 and 26.9% in Fukuoka Pref. for HBsAg and anti-HBs were found respectively. The frequencies of the antigen and antibody in the health-care personnel and the control group did not differ significantly. However, prevalence of seropositivity was slightly higher among the personnel than among the control and was highest in nurses (31.0%) and radiologists (30.8%).
The prevalence of seropositivity with age among the health-care personnel was closely associated with that among the control in all three areas.
However, a dramatic increase in the prevalence of seropositivity among nurses in surgery contrasted sharply with that among nurses in internal medicine.
It was suggested that the difference between our results and those of other investigators might have been due to a possible prevalence of seropositivity in the hospital employees prior to their employment.

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The defence mechanism against infection with Pseudomonas aeurginosa was investigated from the viewpoint of phagocytosis by human PMNs. A study of the effect of antibody, complement, endotoxins and exsoenzymes on phagocytosis by PMNs was under taken by the Quie's method, as follows:
1) Phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeurginosa serotype G was inhibited by LPS from the same serotype, while that with different serotypes C and E was not.
2) OEP from Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype G did not inhibit the phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeurginosa serotypes G, C and E.
3) Elastase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa IF03455, protease from Pseudomonas aeruginosa IF03080 and slime from Pseudomonas aeruginosa IF03455 inhibited the phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype G. Especially, elastase most potentiality inhibited the phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and complement activity.
4) OEP antibody enhanced the phagocytosis. The serum absorbed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype G did not develop the phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype G.
5) Pathway of activation of complements on phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as Staphylococcus aureus by leukocytes was examined. Phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited by both EDTA and EGTA, while that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not by EGTA. This result suggests that the alternate pathway of activation of complements relates to the phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeurginosa.
6) When OEP antibody titer of opsonin was low, Anti-pseudomonas globulin (OEP-HA titer 256x) enhanced the phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
However, as OEP antibody titer of opsonin became higher, Anti-pseudomonas globulin did not influence the activity in phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by PMNs.

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A 48-year-old man was admitted to the Kinki University Hospital because of swelling and pain of both lower legs. One year before admission diagnosis of primary hepatoma, liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus were made. Two days before admission, temperature rose to 38.8°C, swelling and pain of both lower legs were developed. On admission, the patient was cyanotic and nearly shock state. There were pitting edema (1+) and purpura in both legs and feet. The femoral arteries showed pulsation, but the popliteal arteries were not palpable bilaterally. Prolongation of prothrombin time (18.7 sec), decrease of plasma fibrinogen (145 mg/dl) and elevation of blood FDP (40μg/ml) were observed. Endotoxin shock and thrombosis caused by infection were considered. Although administration of hydrocortisone, vasopressor drugs and dopamine, the patient died at 11 hours after admission. The isolated organism from blood culture on admission was gram negative, a curved rod shape with a single polar flagellum when cultured in liquid media, and had a low tolerance for sodium chloride (0.5-6%) and a hemolytic activity on red blood cell from rabbit, sheep and human. Based on these properties and biochemical characteristics, which were very similar to those reported by Hollis et al., were identified this isolate as Vibrio vulnfcus.We also found two morphological type of the isolated strain in respect to the number of the polar flagellum, one type had a single polar flagellum, the other had polar multiple (2-5) flagella. These two forms were constantly seen when the isolate was growth on DST agar (oxoid) or on complex solid medium containing either 0.2% sodium lawryl sulfate (SDS), or polymyxin B (250 units/ml). The bacterial cell with polar multiple (1-7) flagella were also seen when a reference strain (ATCC 29307) of the species was growth under the same condition. An autopsy findings showed liver cirrhosis and hepatoma in the left lobe.

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Two cases of a 66-year-old housewife and a 52-year-old male technologist with pulmonar y atypical mycobacteriosis were reported. At first two cases were treated as cavitated pulmonary tuberculosis, but cultures of sputum gave a negative Niacin test. They died with complication of pneumonia and general weakness.
Two cases revealed similar histopathological findings of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis at autopsy; that is large cavitated lesions communicated with bronchi, epithelioid cell granuloma and acid fast bacilli. Epithelioid cell granuloma was also found in the regional lymph nodes. Atypical mycobacteria was cultured from lung tissues at autopsy (One by M. Kansasii and the other by M. Intracellulare).

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