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Volume 58, Issue 3
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Choji HARUYAMA1984 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 173-180
Published: March 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA micro cytopathic effects (CPE) assay for mumps virus was developed by using E-Y strains of the virus and Vero cells. Neutralizing (NT) antibody titers against mumps virus measured by this assay were compared with those measured by the HI method and the semi-microplaque method, and mumps NT antibody positive rates in children were carried out.
The results obtained are as follows;
1) The CPE formed on microplate by the E-Y strains of mumps virus used throughout this experiment were distinct with naked eye by staining the cells of methyrosanaline chloride, and could be decided the end point of CPE titer on 4 days after incubation.
2) Mumps virus was stable in Eagle's minimum essential medium (EME) containing 0.11% bovine serum albumin as diluent and maintenance medium.
3) NT antibody titers showed the highest level when virus-serum mixtures were incubated at 37° Cfor 2 hrs. Furthermore the micro CPE NT test using reference antiserum were highly reproducible.
4) Micro CPE titers of NT antibody in adult sera measured by this test were closely correlated withthose of semi-microplaque titers and were shown to be more sensitive than the HImethod.
5) The serological survey of mumps was suggested that primary infection of the virus are common in children of 3-4 to 5-6 years of age.
The method developed in the present study would prove useful for seroepidemiological studies of mumps viral diseases.View full abstractDownload PDF (2476K) -
Norio SUGAYA, Keiko MITAMURA, Yoshinao TAKEUCHI, Hatsuno SANO, Kuniaki ...1984 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 181-186
Published: March 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInfluenza B outbreak occured in Japan from Jan. to Feb. of 1982 and 1 million and 680 thousands were affected with Influenza. In order to elucidate the impact of Influenza B outbreak on pediatric patients virus isolation by embryonated eggs and HI test for hospitalized patients were performed. Two Influenza B viruses from hospitalized patients and eight from outpatients were isolated. Among 42 hospitalized patients with infectious diseases, nine became sero-positive against Influenza B virus by HI test. Our result showed that during the outbreak at least 20% of patients due to infectious diseases were associated with Influenza B virus. They were all younger than six and had no history of Influenza vaccination. Their chief complaints were FUO, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, laryngitis and bloody sputa. Our virus isolates were analyzed by HI test with ferret convalescent sera and they showed similar HI pattern with B/Kanagawa/3/76. But with monoclonal antibody they were considerably different from B/Kanagawa/3/76 and also B/Singapore/222/79 which was the vaccine strain of 1982. Here we showed the importance of monoclonal antibody on selecting appropriate vaccine strain.View full abstractDownload PDF (614K) -
The Significance of ELISAHiromichi MIZUTANI, Hiroko MIZUTANI, Satoshi KAMEI, Toshiaki TAKASU, T ...1984 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 187-196
Published: March 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe significance of the serological diagnosis using ELISA was evaluated in HSVE. The diagnosis of HSVE was decided by the clinical, EEG, CT, CSF, pathological and virological findings. Sera and CSF were obtained from patients with signs of encephalitis and the sensitivity of the ELISA to detect antibody to HSV was compared with a neutralization test and CF test. Among patients who developed antibody to HSV, ELISA was more sensitive than the other methods and made possible to detect antibody to HSV at an earlier stage of the illness.
However, positive titers to HSV were also demonstrated in CSF from some patients with other neurologic conditions. Furthermore, the ratio of serum/CSF antibody titers of ≤2O occurred not only in patients with HSVE but also in a few patients with other neurologic conditions. Analysis using density gradient ultracentrifugation of their CSF revealed that the antibodies detected in them were also specific 7s antibody to HSV. Concomitant reduction of albumin serum/CSF ratio in a patient with SLE suggested that the antibody of CSF was derived from the plasma by diffusion across the blood/CSF barrier. We emphasize that the use of ELISA provide a valuable tool for diagnosing HSVE, but we should also give careful consideration to other neurologic conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (929K) -
Effects of Tobramycin, Dibekacin and Amikacin on the LeptospiraYuzuru KOBAYASHI, Takashi OYAMA, Toshiro NINOMIYA1984 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 197-202
Published: March 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs a part of studies on chemotherapy of leptospirosis, effects of tobramycin, dibekacin and amikacin on the causative agent of the disease were examined. The results are summarized as follows. The minimal inhibitory concentration of tobramycin on Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni Shiromizu strain is between 0.64-1.28μg/ml, and those of both dibekacin and amikacin are between 1.28-5.12μg/ml.
Tobramycin has an effect on the microorganism of both growth phase and stationary phase at a low and a high concentrations. Although amikacin has an effect on the microorganism of growth phase at a low concentration, it has little effect on the microorganism of stationary phase. But a high concentration of amikacin is efficacious on the microorganism of both growth phase and stationary phase. Dibekacin has an effect on the microorganism of growth phase at both a low and a high concentrations, but it has little effect on the microorganism of stationary phase even at a high concentration of the drug.View full abstractDownload PDF (584K) -
Sosuke SUZUKI, Hiroshi SHIMAMURA, Issei TAKIGIKU, Toshihide TAMURA, Hi ...1984 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 203-213
Published: March 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSurveillance was carried out to examine ecto-endoparasites and bacteria from wild rats captured in the harbor area of Shimizu 1981-1982. Investigations were made in parallel to clarify the prevalence of Hantaan virus (HV) by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test using HV-infected tissue culture cells. The results obtained were as follows:
Of totally 164 wild rats examined, 153 were Rattus norvegicus (93.3%), and the remainings included three R. rattus (1.8%) and eight Mus musculus (4.9%). Four of 235 wild rats were infestated with Xenopsylla cheopis (cheopis index 0.21). Fourteen of 110 Rattus sp. were parasitized by (12.7%) Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Salmonella (S nagoya and S. senftenberg) was detected in two (1.8%) and Yersinia enterocolitica in five (4.5%) of 110 wild rats.
As to the and-HV antibodies, R. norvegicus showed the highest seropositive rate 22.9%(35/153) among which “intensively positive” were 3.3%, “moderately positive” 5.9%, and “weakly positive” 13.7%. All of the R. rattus and M. musculus examined were negative. Trapping places included piers (A), fish market (B), piers (C), reclaimed ground (D) and factories (E). The seropositive rats (42.5%) were almost exclusively captured in the reclaimed ground where the population of rats were the highest. The seropositive ratios were not significantly different between rats captured in early summer and those in winter. In no case was isolation of HV successful. The rat indication based on evidence recent excreta was ca. 2.6% among vessels which entered the Shimizu Harbor during the surveillance period. These results indicate that wild rats in the harbor area of Shimizu are contaminated by HV to a considerably high extent.View full abstractDownload PDF (1397K) -
Yuzuru KOBAYASHI, Tomohiro KUSABA, Ryosuke UEKI, Nagakazu MIYARA1984 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 214-222
Published: March 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests against Japanese encephalitis virus were carried out on healthy residents in Ishigaki Island between late July and early August from 1967 to 1972 except for 1969. In 1967 and 1968, HI positive rates in the group of over 20 years of age were 81.6% and 79.1% respectively. The HI positive rates and high antibody titers showed a tendency to increase with age. However, extending from 1967 to 1972, it had been revealed that the almost all residents of the group ofyounger age under 19 years old were HI negative. A small number of HI positive persons of the youngage had experiences in living outside of Ishigaki Island such as Okinawa Island, Miyako Island orTokyo. In 1970, the HI tests were also carried out on residents in Iriomote Island. The results showedsame pattern as those of Ishigaki Island. On the other hand, in 1968, the HI tests were carried out onpigs, cattles and goats in Ishigaki Island. Although positive rates of these animals were relatively low, asmall number of the animals born and bred in Ishigaki Island showed HI positive.
The results suggested that Japanese encephalitis virus had been widespread in Ishigaki and IriomoteIslands until about 20 years before the beginning of survey but thereafter the residents had beendelivered from the virus infection. It was thought that this event was closely related with exterminatorymeasures against malaria in these areas since 1945. However, it may be possible that Japanese encephalitisvirus has been still alive in these areas from the survey of the domestic animals.View full abstractDownload PDF (1123K) -
Kanzo SUZUKI, Akihiko KISHIMOTO, Toshiyuki YAMAMOTO, Mizuo TSUZUKI, Yo ...1984 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 223-229
Published: March 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate polymicrobial infections in respiratory tract, 30 aged patients with terminalpneumonia showing positive postmortem lung cultures of 90 aged patients performed an autopsy werestudied clinicopathologically.
The following results were obtained:
1) The incidence of polymicrobial isolation from the lung was 67% of 54 culture positive patients.
2) K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and S. faecalis were the more frequently isolated strains of bacteria inpolymicrobial isolation, and both K. pneumoniae and E. coli were the main strains of bacteria according tothe bacterial amount.
3) In 30 cases with terminal pneumonia, the incidence of polymicrobial isolation in the group whoseADL was 0 to 5 was significantly higher than that in the group whose ADL was 6 to 15.
4) The patients with terminal pneumonia showed positive correlation between the incidence ofpolymicrobial isolation and the duration of illness which was more than 4 weeks.
5) The patients with terminal pneumonia showed positive correlation between the incidence ofpolymicrobial isolation and the duration of antibiotic therapy which was more than 4 weeks.
6) Two or three different species of K. pneumoniae, glucose non-fermentative gram-negativebacilli, S. faecalis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa were usually isolated from the terminal pneumonia withpolymicrobial isolation. The clinical condition of infection did not vary with the combination ofpathogens participating in the polymicrobial isolation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1076K) -
Hideyo KATSUNUMA1984 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 230-238
Published: March 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Koichi WATANABE, Katsuhiko SAWATARI, Yoshiteru SHIGENO, [in Japanese], ...1984 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 239-245
Published: March 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA successful treatment of sepsis due to Vibrio vulnificus and the bacteriological findings of the isolate are described here with emphasis of early chemotherapy.
A 61 year-old male with liver chirrhosis admitted to Inoue Hospital in Nagasaki for high fever (39.6°C) and painful swelling of boty lower extremities. After taken blood and pus from the subcutanous abscesses in lower extremities for bacteriological examination, he was treated with cefotiam (CTM: 4 g/day) by intravenous drip infusion and the following day, gentamicin (GM: 120 mg/day) was added intramusculally. The next day minocycline (200 mg/day) was administered in addition to the previous antibiotics.
The laboratory findings showed severe inflammatory changes with elevation of creatinin phosphokinase (CPK) and hyper potassemia. Gram negative rods were isolated from both blood and pus. The biochmical properties of the organisms showed same characteristics of Vibrio vulnificus reported by Hollis (1976) and Farmer (1979). This organism had high sensitivity to CTM (3.13 μg/ml), GM (1.56 μg/ml) and MINO (0.10μg/ml) which were used for the treatment of this patient.
Clinical symptoms and signs subsided almost by fourteenth hospital day, but low grade fever had been continued until insicion of subcutaneous abscesses which were already in healing stage. This case was the 7th report of the infection due to V. vulnificus in Japan and the second case which was successfully treated.View full abstractDownload PDF (2396K) -
1984 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 272-274
Published: March 20, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (337K)
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