Pre-epidemic HI antibody against the B/Hong Kong/72 influenza virus was present in 34 to 70% of sera from persons aged more than 20 living in Saitama prefecture. The percentage of age-distribution of its antibody was the highest in persons aged 25-29 and high titers of its antibody were present in those persons too. These persons showed good correlation between their B/Hong Kong/72 and B/Seattle/1/49 antibodies. These findings suggest that the hemagglutinins of B/Hong Kong/72 virus are closely related to those of the B/Bon virus that prevailed in the 1943-52.
B/Seattle/1/49 showed clear cross-reaction with B/Hong Kong/72 strains in hemagglutination inhibition tests with chicken antisera, and it was found by cross-absorption tests of HI antibodies in chicken antisera that the common antigen between B/Seattle/1/49, B/Yamagata/1/73 and B/Gifu/2/73 viruses was contained in major antigens of B/Hong Kong/72 viruses. However, the hemagglutinin of B/Osaka/2/70 did not contain this common antigenic factor.
The findings constitute an example of antigenic recycling after a long period of abcence, and support the view that the number of influenza B virus is finite.

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We investigated the host defence activities of the mice treated with cyclophosphamide (CY). There were the decreseases of the host defence activities with the pretreatment of 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg for 3 days of CY in the mice infected with E. coli.
Although bactericidal activities of resisdent macrophages were not decreased with the pretreatment of 100mg/kg for 3 days of CY, bactericidal activities of neurtrophils in peritoneal exudated cells (PEC) were significantly decreased with 20mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg for 3 days of CY. It was also noted the decreases of superoxide generations and myeloperoxidase activities of neutrophils in PEC with the pretreatment of 100mg/kg of CY.
Bactericidal activities of human neutrophils added at the same time with 100μg/ml of CY and E. coli were not decreased.

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Antibodies against extracellular enzymes and polysaccharide of group A streptococcus were titrated among 58 healthy school children aged 9 to 10 years old. When antistreptolysin O (ASO) antideoxyribonuclease-B (ADN-B), antistreptokinase (ASK) and anti-group A streptococcal polysaccharide (ASP) were assayed, the geometric means of their titers were 140.9, 290.4, 382.8 and 33.6 units, respectively. The upper limits of normal titers of them were 320, 680, 1280 and 64 units, respectively. Seventeen children among them showed the low titers of at least one of ASO, ADN-B, or ASK: ASO, less than 60; ADN-B, less than 60; or ASK, less than 80 units. Unexpectedly, 7 (41.2%) among these 17 children showed high ASP titers. Furthermore, 9 out of the children subjected showed low titers of all the three serological tests, ASO (≤60), ADN-B (≤60), and ASK (≤80), indicating the serological negativity for the recent streptococcal infection. Nonetheless, 3 out of these 9 children demonstrated a high ASP titer (more than 64 units).
These results suggest that titration of ASP may be an useful diagnostic method to detect previous streptococcal infections, because young aged children usually show low antibody titers to extracellular streptococcal enzymes.

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Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) has recently become recognized as a common bacterial pathogen of enteritis. The present investigation was undertaken to describe the relative frequency, clinical and laboratory features of Campylobacter enteritis seen at Tokyo Metropolitan Toshima Hospital From April 1981 through March 1982.
Cary-Blair's medium was used in some cases to transport stool specimens from 1981 and in all cases in 1982.
Stool specimens from 454 patients suspected of infectious enteritis were cultured and revealed pathogens in 166 (36.6%). C. jejuni was isolated from the feces of 107 patients (64.8%): Salmonella, 20 (12.1%); Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaem.), 19 (11.5%); Shigella, 8 (4.8%). These pathogens were isolated most frequently in July and August. In 1982, C. jejuni was isolated in 14 patients in July, 13 in May and 10 in June and November. As to age distribution, C. jejuni was prevalent in the age groups 20 to 29 (46.7%) and 15 to 19 (28.0%), Salmonella, 20 to 29 (30%) and 30 to 39 (35.0%), V. parahaem. and 20 to 29, 30 to 39 and sometimes over 40.
Fever was observed most commonly in Salmonella enteritis and Compylobacter enteritis was found to be the second. Average bowel movements were 10.1 times a day in patients with positive Salmonella, 8.7 times V. parahaem., and 7.3 times C. jejuni. Watery stool was prevalent in V. parahaem. (89.4%) and only 67.6% in C. jejuni. Bloody stool was observed in enteritis due to Salmonella, C. jejuni and V. parahaem. in order of frequency and was under 20% in each group. The median perior for improvement in stool character was 6.2 days in Salmonella, 5.7 days in C. jejuni, and 3.6days in V. parahaem.
In patients showed severe symptoms compared to outpatients but there was no remarkable difference in time for improvement of stool character in these enteritis.
We confirmed that C. jejuni and one of the most important pathogens of infectious enteritis at present. Cary-Blair's medium is very valuable for transporting stool specimens.

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In order to investigate composition of pharyngeal flora in the aged, throat cultures from 95 elderly subjects in Nagoyashi-koseiin Geriatric Hospital were analysed from various points of view. The following results were obtained:
1) α-Streptococcus and Neisseria were the most frequently isolated strains of bacteria in pharyngeal flora of 60 healthy subjects, followed by Yeasts, gram-positive rods, Haemophilus, Klebsiella, and Staphylococcus.
2) Age group, sex, and smoking habits did not influence composition of pharyngeal flora in the aged.
3) Gram-positive rods were not detected in the group whose ADL was 0 to 5. A slight increase in Yeasts was observed in the group whose ADL was 0 to 5 compared with the group whose ADL was 6 to 15.
4) A marked increase in S. aureus and S. epidermidis was observed when antibiotics were administered. In addition, S. faecalis and various kinds of gram-negative rods were newly detected in the group treated with antibiotics.
5) When comparing composition of pharyngeal flora in the aged and in healthy adults, H. parainfluenzae and H. parahaemolyticus were markedly less and Klebsiella and Yeasts markedly more in the former group.

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Bacteriocin typing based on the method of Traub, W. H., et al (Appl. Microbiol., 21: 837-840, 1971) was carried out on 212 clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens obtained from in-patients, excluding reisolates from the same patient, at two distant hospitals, Medical College Hospital of Oita (MCHO) and Nagasaki University Hospital (NUH) during the period from January 1981 to July 1983, and the results obtained were compared.
One hundred and twenty six isolates from MCHO were devided into 8 bacteriocin types; 77% of the strains were classified into types 4, 9, 42 and 52, and 12% were nontypable. Eighty six isolates from NUH were differentiated 18 bacteriocin types; 60% of the strains were of types 4, 9, 14 and 26, and 16% were nontypable. The distribution of the bacteriocin types of Serratia marcescens isolated from both hospitals showed a different pattern respectively, suggesting that Serratia marcescens infections may be caused by cross infection at each hospital.
This typing method was markedly reproducible with 10⁴-10⁵ cells/ml of inoculum size of the test strains and also considered to be useful for tracing the noscocomial infection caused by Serratia marcescens.

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Certain antigens orally administered are known to elicit specific and nonspecific antibody formation in the intestinal wall. We have previously shown that nonspecific DNP-antibody formation was influenced by oral sensitization with killed Vibrio cholerae antigen. In the present study, the effects of living and killed V. cholerae cells were compared in a similar experimental system.
BALB/c mice were orally sensitized with the vaccines for one to four successive days. Three days after the last sensitization, animals were injected intraperitoneally with DNP-vibrio whole cells. Seven to 21 days later anti-DNP IgE, IgM. IgG and vibriocidal antibodies in mouse sera were titrated by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test rats (IgE). passive bemagglutination (IgM and IgG) and vibriocidal tests. Only IgE antibody was suppressed in mice orally sensitized with living vibrios for two to four successive days and with killed vibrios for three to four successive days.
Donor mice were similarly presensitized with living and killed vibrios and sacrificed 3 days after the last sensitization, and spleen or Peyer's Patch (PP) cells were removed. Recipient mice were injected with DNP-whole cells 7 days before transfer, and were adoptively transferred with spleen or PP cells of donor mice. Suppression of IgE antibody was observed in both spleen and PP cells of mice that received successive sensitization with living vibrios and also those of mice that received three or four sensitization with killed vibrios, and in PP cells of mice that received one to three successive sensitization with living vibrios. T- and B-cell rich fractions (TrF and BrF) were prepared by nylon wool column separation from spleen and PP cells of mice presensitized four times with either living or killed vibrios. Anti-DNP IgE antibody formation was suppressed in mice adoptively transferred with BrF of spleen cells and TrF PP cells of mice presensitized with living vibrios, and by both TrF and BrF of spleen cells and also BrF of PP cells of mice presensitized with killed vibrios. Spleen and PP cells of mice that received four sensitization with living or killed vibrios were treated with anti-mouse Thy 1, 2 antibody and were adoptively transferred, as described above. Anti-DNP IgE antibody formation was suppressed in mice adoptively transferred with spleen or PP cells of mice presensitized with killed vibrios, and with PP cells of mice presensitized with living vibrios.
IgM aztobody formation was slightly increased in mice that received BrFof spleen and PP cells, and TrF of PP cells of donor mice presensitized with killed vibrios. Vibriocidal andtibody production was increased in recipient mice tha received TrF as well as BrF of spleen cells of donor mice presensitized with killed vibrios and also in mice that received BrF of PP cells of donor mice presensitized with living vibrios.
These result suggest that anti-DNP IgE antibody production was markedly suppressed by sensitization by oral administration of vibrios, but that the patterns of suppression were influenced by the strength of sensitization and the origin of cells adoptively transferred.

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Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) is well recognized as the causative agent of hemorrhagic septicemia and respiratory infection in animals. We report the first human case of survived P. multocida septicemia in Japan. A 19 year-old Japanese male, without any underlying disease, suffered with high fever and common cold symptome following intimate contacts with a dog as pet. He was admitted our hospital 10 days after onset. On physical examination, tachycardia, tachypnea, high fever, cardiomegaly, cardiac friction rub and moist rale in both lungs were revealed. Pericardial and pleural effusion were shown by chest X-ray, CT scan and echocardiogram. In spite of administration of ampicillin for 3 days, P. multocida was isolated from blood. The isolate was susceptible to majority of chemotherapeutics. But administration of cefazolin or cefmetazole combined with lincomycin was not effective. Surgical drainage of pleural and pericardial effusion was performed on the 10 hospital day. Pathologically, no malignancy was found in operative materials. After the operation there was not clinical improvement. By administration of thiamphenicol, marked clinical improvement was noted and the patient was discharged 5 weeks late. It is thought that both the surgical drainage and thiamphenicol administration might be effective in this case.

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A child case of rare Yersinia pseudotoberculosis septicemia were reported. A 2 years and 9 months old boy suffered from febrile for 4 days with exanthema on lower extremities admitted to Keio University Hospital on April 11, 1982. On admission, no exanthema was present but he had various clinical symptoms such as injections of lips and throat, strawberry tongue, scalings of fingers, and lymphadenopathies. The WBC count was 8800/cmm, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 23mm/hr, and CRP reaction was 5+. No abnormality was found in his hepatic and renal functions. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Type IB was isolated from blood and feces, and prior diagnosis was confirmed. He treated with Cefpiramide for 3 days initially, then with Latamoxef for 39 days. Bleeding tendency probably due to vitamin K deficiency was noted on the 8th hospital day, and improved with the administration of vitamin K and fresh blood. He had no underlying disease, but transient abnormality of cellular immunity was suspected during the early stage of the disease. His serum antibody titer against Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Type IB in the convalescent stage was elevated significantly. Isolated strain was sensitive to various antibiotics, including Penicillins, Cephems, Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, and Chloramphenicol. The route of the infection was unknown. He discharged on the 59th hospital day with recovery.

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Although incidence of pulmonary embolism have been considered few in Japan, it is pointed out that they are recently on the increase. The pulmonary emboli caused by clot or fibrin matrix contaminated with microorganisms is termed septic pulmonary emboli. Patients with this disease have not only symptoms chareacteristics of pulmonary embolism but also serious problems due to hematogenous pulmonary infection. Recently the authors experienced a case of septic pulmonary emboli caused by Peptostreptococcus secondary to liver abscess. A 37-year-old male was admitted to our clinic due to multiple liver abscess. Blood cultures produced Peptostreptococcus. On the morning of the 12th day of hospitalization, he suddenly suffered from a chest pain and a high fever (40°C). A chest radiograph showed 2 fan-shaped uniform alveolar infiltrate shadows adjoining pleura in the area of right S⁸, S⁹ and cativation was also seen. With scintigraphic examination using ^99mTC-MAA, failure of pulmonary blood flow was confirmed in the same area. The case was diagnosed as septic pulmonary emboli. The administrations to PCG and LMOX were effective to liver abscess and the chest radiographs showed gradual clearing and cavities disappeared with residual slight scars about 50 days later.
It has been reported that septic pulmonary embolism is often induced in intravenous drug abuser in association with thrombotic phlebitis at a site of injection. Staphylococcus aureus is known as the most common microorganism responsible for the disease. The present case, which was due to Peptostreptococcus associated with liver abscess, was considered a very rare case.

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