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Volume 62, Issue 5
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Masakazu KOUDA, Chiyomi UMEHARA, Ikuko KUMAGAI, Jun-ichi KOBAYASHI, Ry ...1988 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 427-434
Published: May 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe evaluated the kits for grouping β-hemolytic streptococci. Streptococcal Grouping Kit (Oxoid), which can identify the streptococci of Group A, B, C, D, G and F simultaneously, was superior to other kits which were tested. However, by using this kit, we found that Streptococcus pneumoniae has a cross-reactive antigen with Group C Streptococcus and the antigen may exist in the cell wall of S. pneumoniae.
We also measured MICs to gentamicin (GM) against clinical isolates of β-streptococci. The MICs of GM to Group A and B Streptococcus were relatively low (1.56-3.13μg/ml), whereas the MICs of the other groups of Streptococcus were higher than those of the former. These results indicated that susceptibility of β-hemolytic streptococci to GM is useful as one of the tests to identify β-hemolytic streptococci.
Furthermore, we studied the frequency of isolation of β-hemolytic streptococci from the clinical specimens. The results showed that frequency of isolation of Group F Streptococcus was higher than that of Group C and G Streptococcus from the clinical specimens, although it is previously said that most of the clinical isolates of β-hemolytic streptococcus were Group A, B, C or G.View full abstractDownload PDF (970K) -
Akihiko KATO, Makiko FUKAYAMA, Takashi INAMATSU1988 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 435-441
Published: May 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBacteriological and clinical aspects of 11 cases of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in the aged are reported.
In our laboratory, all of the ascitic specimens were cultured with anaerobic and aerobic systems simultaneously. Many specimens yielded several organisms including anaerobic organisms. However, in cases with SBP, only one or two (one case) organisms which were aerobes were isolated. Organisms isolated in SBP were Escherichia coli (7 cases), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2 cases), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1 case), α-hemolytic streptococcus+β-hemolytic streptococcus (1 case).pneumoniae (1 case), α-hemolytic streptococcus+β-hemolytic streptococcus (1 case).
Underlying diseases in SBP were severe hepatic diseases (liver cirrhosis; 9, acute hepatitis; 1, hepatoma; 1). Clinical signs of SBP were fever, decreased bowel sound and massive ascites. Mean survival time of SBP was 3.3 months. Despite appropriate antimicrobial chemotherapy, 3 of 8 patients died within 3 days.
Lack of pathognomonic role of anaerobes in SBP and importance of SBP as a fetal complication of hepatic failure are suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (767K) -
Shinichi KAWAMURA, Nozomu KANEMITSU, Eiji SATA, Masaki YASUKAWA, Yuzur ...1988 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 442-447
Published: May 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe efficacy of cefubuperazone (CBPZ) was evaluated by its administration to 20 cases of infections occuring under the condition of a circulating white cell count of less than 2, 000/μl in 12 patients with acute leukemia and other blood disorders including RAEB and malignant lymphoma.
The infections occured in 2 cases with sepsis due to comfirmed causative organisms, 3 cases with periodontitis, and 15 cases with suspected sepsis.
CBPZ treatment showed an excellent response in 45% and a good response in 25% of the cases, giving a 70% overall efficacy. A tendency to a significant increase in efficacy at a level of p=0.0777 was observed between those with the circulatig white cell count of less than 500/μl and those with 500/μl or more, but there was no significant difference between those with a peripheral neutrophil count ofless than 100/μl and those with 100/μl or more. During CBPZ treatment, rash, eosinophilia, and liver dysfunction were observed in 5 cases, and CBPZ was strongly suspected as the causative factor in two of them but was not serious.
CBPZ demonstrated an efficacy equivallent to the other third-generation cephem antibiotics on infections accompanied with blood disorders, showing clinically satisfactory effects.View full abstractDownload PDF (853K) -
Hiroshi SAKATA, Hitoshi KAKEHASHI, Koichi MURONO, Kozo FUJITA, Hajime ...1988 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 448-453
Published: May 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEighty-nine patients with septicemia were hospitalized in the pediatric wards of Asahikawa Medical College Hospital, from November, 1976 to October, 1987. Their ages ranged from 1 day to 16 years, and 51 patients (57.3%) were less than 1 year, 22 patients with septicemia died and the mortality rate was 24%, 84 among the 89 septicemia patients had underlying diseases. Their underlying disorders were newborns and premature infants in 27 patients, leukemia and malignant lymphoma in 16, congenital heart disease in 13, renal disease in 8, cerebral palsy in 5. Other disorders included aplastic anemia, adrenal hypoplasia, congenital immunodeficiency, agranulocytosis, SLE, intravenous hyperalimentation after operation and so on.
Ninety-four strains were obtained from blood cultures of the 89 patients with septicemia. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were the most frequent organisms causing septicemia, followed by were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and α-streptococcus.View full abstractDownload PDF (765K) -
Hikaru TANAKA1988 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 454-468
Published: May 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTherapeutic effect of liposome-encapsulated antibiotics was studied for experimental infection due to facultative intracellular bacteria such as Legionella pneumophila and Listeria monocytogenes.
Ceftazidime (CAZ) was encapsulated into liposome for Legionella infection, and both ampicillin (ABPC) and minocyclin (MINO) were for experimental listeriosis.
Experimental Legionella pneumonia was induced in guinea pigs by transtracheal inoculation of bacterial suspension.
After intravenous administration of free CAZ or liposome-entrapped CAZ, the tissue concentration of CAZ (lung, liver, spleen) were 2 times higher in liposome-encapsulated CAZ than CAZ alone.
In fatal experimental Legionella pneumonia, 30% of animals treated with intracardiac injection of liposome-entrapped CAZ could survived. No animal treated with CAZ alone could survived. Liposomeentrapped CAZ was effective, when given by intracardiac injection, but not by intraperitoneal injection.
In experimental infection of L. pneumophila in intraperitoneal inoculation, 30% of animals treated with intraperitoneal injection of liposome-entrapped CAZ (40mg/kg) survived. None of the animals treated with CAZ alone survived.View full abstractDownload PDF (1889K) -
Koichi KUSHIMOTO, Tomohiro KUSABA, Kohei NAGASAWA, Takehito MAYUMI, Is ...1988 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 469-475
Published: May 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the purpose of studying the protective factors to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection, serum interferon (IFN) activity was measured at different hours after inoculation with inactivated JEV vaccine in cyclophosphamide (CY)-treated and non-CY-treated mice.
IFN titer reached its peak between 6 and 12 hours and fell to an undetectable level in 24 hours after inoculation of JEV vaccine. CY treatment (0.25mg/g) did not effect the induction and the course of IFN production.
Mortality and HI antibody production in CY-treated mice following intracerebral inoculation of JEV and protective effect of normal or immune spleen cells were studied.
Mice transferred with the hyper-immune spleen cells showed lower mortality, but was not significant as compared to those transferred with normal spleen cells. All of the 5 surviving mice transferred with immune spleen cells were positive in serum HI antibody. On the other hand, 4 cases of 5 survived mice non transferred or transferred with normal spleen cells were negative. Among the mice transferred with immune spleen cells, though vaccination was not done, serum HI antibodies appeared within 3 days after transfer of spleen cells in some cases, which is earlier than the time of appearance of HI antibodies in the case of JEV vaccination.View full abstractDownload PDF (831K) -
Yoichi KAKUNO, Masayuki HONDA, Koji TAKAKURA1988 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 476-482
Published: May 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied an experimental urinary tract infection (UTI) in compromised mice with 30 strains of Escherichia coli to evaluate the pathogenicity of the bacteria isolated from urine or feces of patients with UTI.
Compromised mice were made by given three sorts of treatment. 1) Cortisone: 0.1 ml of solution (50 mg of hydrocortisone/ml of 5% Carboxymethyl Cellulose) i. p. just before bacterial inoculation. 2) Glucose water: 10% Glucose water supply from 7 days before bacterial inoculation to dissection. 3) Stravation: No food supply from 6 days to 4 days before the inoculation, then 3 g of Food/mouse/day.
A control mouse and 3 sorts of compromised mice were inoculated a strain of E. coli transurethrally into the bladders. Mice were dissected 24 hours after the inoculation.
Strains isolated from urine of patients were recovered more frequently and densely from the kidneys of both normal and compromised mice than the strains from feces (p<0.01). Thus, we concluded that the strains causing UTI are not mere opportunists but have some affinity for the tract. The urinary strains, however, caused inflammatory responses not more severely than the fecal strains.
On the other hand, O serogroups common in UTI (01, 02, 04, 06, 07, 08, 075) were recovered neither more densely nor frequently than the other serogroups. Therefore, other factors than the urinary affinity of these serogroups might cause UTI more frequently than the other serogroups. Some of above serogroups (01, 02, 07, 08) are also common in feces of man, thus might have more opportunity to invade the tract. On the other hand, serogroups which were common especially in upper UTI (04, 06, 075), caused inflammatory responses in the kidneys of compromised mice more severely than the other serogroups did. Ability of these groups to inflame the kidneys of compromised host might contribute the development of UTI.View full abstractDownload PDF (888K) -
III. Analysis of TSST-1-Induced Suppression of the Primary Antibody ResponseXJ Yan, Takehiko UCHIYAMA, Akira KAWACHI, Morimasa YOSHIOKA, Hideo IGA ...1988 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 483-489
Published: May 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSToxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), an exotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with toxic shock syndrome (TSS), has been thought as a causative agent of TSS. We investigated the modulatory activities of TSST-1 on antibody response, focusing on the suppressive activity of the toxin. Mice injected with 10μg of TSST-1 2 days before immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) generated a markedly reduced antibody response to SRBC. Spleen cells from mice injected with varying doses of TSST-1 varying days before the start of cultivation were stimulated in vitro with SRBC. Markedly reduced responses were observed in spleen cells from mice injected with 1-10μg of TSST-1 1-3 days before the start of cultivation. Spleen cells from mice injected with 10μg of TSST-1 2 days previously suppressed the generation of in vitro anti-SRBC antibody response of normal spleen cells. The doses of TSST-1 and kinetics required for the induction of suppressor cells were quite similar to those required for the reduction of in vitro antibody response induced by the TSST-1 preinjection. Furthermore, the removal of T cells abrogated the suppressor activity in spleen cells for TSST-1 preinjected mice. These results indicate that suppressor T cells are responsible for the reduction of antibody response induced by TSST-1-preinjection.View full abstractDownload PDF (934K) -
Etsuro SUGIYAMA, Satoshi SHINONAGA, Setsuko TSUKIDATE, Koichiro FUJITA ...1988 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 490-494
Published: May 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe report a case of loiasis which is the second case diagnosed in Japan and is the first case of a Japanese. The patient is a 53-year-old Japanese male who visited Zaire from April to September, 1982. Calabar swelling sometimes appeared on his forearms from about 1984. He suddenly felt right ophthalmalgia on June 1st, 1987 and an adult female of Loa loa was surgically removed under the right bulbar conjunctiva. Microfilaremia was also present (4-5/mm3). The patient was treated with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) under prednisolone and d-chlorpheniramine malate coverage. Treatment was started with a low dose of DEC (6.25mg/day) and the dosage was increased gradually to 300 mg/day in a week and then continued for 3 weeks. A linear skin eruption on the right thigh appeared and an adult female of Loa loa was removed from this region on 7 days after the beginning of DEC treatment. No other severe side reactions were observed. Microfilaremia disappeared 9 days after the beginning of DEC treatment and was also not detected after two months. No recurrence of symptoms nor abnormal findings have been observed for 2 months after DEC treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (5009K) -
Koichi MURAI, Shiro ISHIHARA, Hideyuki KOMIDORI, Katsuhiro HAYASHI, Ei ...1988 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 495-499
Published: May 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA case of Salmonella enteritidis septicemia associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm was reported. A 72 year-old man was admitted to our hospital on September 7, 1985 with a month history of fever and later developed lower back pain. On admission, his body temperature was 38.3°, pulse rate was 88 and blood pressure was 140/80 mmHg. On examination, there was no positive finding except for a systolic ejection murmur on cardiac ausculation. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 144 mm/h, and C-reactive protein was 5+. The white-cell count was 17, 400. Electrocardiogram and echocardiogram were normal. Six blood cultures, urine and stool cultures yielded Salmonella enteritidis. Although antibiotic therapy with chloramphenicol was instituted, the fever continued. On suspicion of focal infection, abdominal computerized tomography wasperfomed on September 27. By comparison with the previous study on September 5, saccular and cystic abdominal aortic aneurysms had developed. Aortograpy confined the extent of the aneurysm. Judged to be inoperable, he was on continuous treatment with ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, fosfomycin, and cefotaxime as single therapy or in combination. By administration of fosfomycin and cefotaxime, the body temperature became normal and the back pain disappeared. He was discharged on November 27. A follow-up in two years showed no evidence of recurrent infection and development of aneurysms. Transient bacteremia of Salmonella organisms is thought to allow deposition of bacteria in preformed arteriosclerotic lesions of the aorta and causes aneurysm. So differential diagnosis in elderly patients with continuously positive blood cultures should include infected aneurysm, especially when Salmonella organisms are isolated from the blood. Rapid diagnosis, adminstration of potent antibiotics and surgical treatment are necessary for effective treatment of salmonella arotic aneurysm.View full abstractDownload PDF (5311K) -
Yasuju SASA, Masato KAWABATA, Kazuyuki IGUCHI, Kinya KAWANO1988 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 500-502
Published: May 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe clinical case of Lyme disease in Hokkaido was described. The patient, 39-year-old male, consulted a physician because of a rash on the bilateral wrist joints and common cold symptoms in Engaru, Hokkaido. He also noted small red skin lesions on the arm, chest, and abdomen. Two days later, the erythematous lesion expanded peripherally to the whole abdominal region without apparent itching nor dolor. The central area of the skin lesion remained uncoloured, and this abdominal lesion disappeared gradually in the following two days. Examining the serum sample obtained one month later, significantly elevated levels of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi were observed. He recalled no arthropod bite.View full abstractDownload PDF (425K)
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