Kansenshogaku Zasshi
Online ISSN : 1884-569X
Print ISSN : 0387-5911
ISSN-L : 0387-5911
Volume 62, Issue 6
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
  • Hiromasa YABE, Miharu YABE, Rumi MITSUDA, Nobukazu HOSHI, Kazuyo OZAKI ...
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 527-533
    Published: June 20, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To evaluate gut decontamination by three regimens consist of vancomycin 750 mg/m2/day, polymyxin B 3×106 units/m2/day, and nystatin 1.5×106 units/m2/day (VPN), or amphotericin B in place of nystatin with two different doses of 150 mg/m2/day (VPA150), and 500 mg/m2/day (VPA500), 29 patients who received bone marrow graft were enrolled in this study.
    Total decontamination of intestinal flora was achieved by all three regimens. Candida was isolated from 10 out of 14 patients who received VPN, and 5 out of 5 patients who received VPA150, but only one out of 10 patients treated by VPA500. In these patients, one patients who had failed to achieve engraftment died of systemic candidiasis.
    Pseudomonas was isolated from 3 out of 14 patients who received VPN, one out of 5 patients who received VPA150, and 5 out of 10 patients treated by VPA500. Among the patients showing pseudomonas colonization, one patient died of pseudomonas sepsis.
    In conclusion, intestinal candidiasis may by prevented by the VPA500 regimen, but psedomonas colonization seems to be a further problem in gut decontamination in bone marrow transplantation.
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  • Makiko FUKAYAMA, Takashi INAMATSU, Masataka SHIRAKI, Hideki ITOH, Tosh ...
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 534-538
    Published: June 20, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Immunological profiles of aged patients with Candida isolation from clinical materials (n=10) were determined in comparison with patients receiving antibiotics (n=10) and the healthy aged (n=42). Immunological profiles included lymphocyte-subpopulation of peripheral blood (Leu4, Leu3a, Leu2a, OKM, HLA-DR and Leu7) and NK activity measured by in vitro 51Cr release assay against K-562 targets. All patients were receiving antibiotics, when Candida was isolated from the clinical specimens. The number of Leu2a positive cells was significantly larger in the patients with Candida isolation than that of the healthy aged, whereas the ratio of Leu3a/Leu2a positive cells and the number of OKM1 positive cells were significantly lower. The number of HLA-DR positive cells in patients with Candida isolation was higher than that of the other two groups. Although the number of Leu7 positive cells was not different, NK activity was significantly higher in patients without Candida than in the other groups. NK activity may inhibit growth of Candida during antibiotic therapy, and the data may further confirm a defensive role of NK cells in natural resistance against some fungi in the human being.
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  • Yusuke KAMAGATA, Takehiko UCHIYAMA, Mitsuo KITAHARA, Kihachiro SHIMIZU
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 539-542
    Published: June 20, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Urine from febrile patients were shown to contain an interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitor when tested on IL-1 induced proliferation of C3H/HeJ mice thymocytes. This IL-1 inhibitor was not cytotoxic for mice thymocytes and approximate m.w. of this activity was 20000 to 50000. Presence of this IL-1 inhibitor may be important in the regulation of IL-1 enhanced inflammatory response.
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  • Wakahiro NOGAMI
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 543-550
    Published: June 20, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    An experimental study for quantification of serum antibodies against streptococcal surface antigens was carried out, following the ELISA method, using whole bacterial cells as antigens.
    Results were summarized as follows:
    1) When using the streptococcus group A, B, C and G strains, specific absorbance at OD 410 nm was shown against each group of specific serum, suggesting the specificity of each reaction.
    2) By using the reference strains of group A streptococcus types Ml, M4, M6 and M12, the absorbances we obtained in the immune sera reflected the antibodies against M antigens as well as the C-polysaccharide and T antibodies.
    3) After the absorption with C-polysaccharide of group A streptococcus and with trypsinized antigen of the corresponding type of antigen for ELISA, only the specific M antibody remained in the human serum we tested.
    4) Relatively high quantities of IgG antibodies were present in the sera of patients with valvular heart disease. These antibodies were for the types of streptococci which have been prevalent in Japan during the past 20 years.
    Compared with the complicated methods of titration of M antibodies pulished, our method is easy to carry out for the examination of sera. In this study the results clearly reflected the presence of M antibodies for group A streptococcus.
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  • A Case Study and Review of Literatures
    Eriko AKAMATSU, Chenden YOUNG, Masayoshi NEGISHI, Gohta MASUDA
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 551-556
    Published: June 20, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is a well known opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients.
    Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (S-T combination) and pentamidine are recommended for the treatment of PCP. Since 1985 we have treated 6 HIV-infected patients with S-T combination. Three patients revealed drug eruption, fever and impaired liver function during the course of the treatment. Two of the 3 patients had to have their treatment were discontinued and one was switched to pentamidine administration for PCP successfully despited the serious side effects.
    In this report we discussed the incidence of the adverse reaction of S-T combination and pentamidine, as well as evaluating these two preparations for the treatment of PCP in HIV-infected patients.
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  • Yoshitaka YAMADA, Joji JIDOI, Hajime SAITO, Haruaki TOMIOKA
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 557-563
    Published: June 20, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Using the experimental mouse model as thermal injury, we studied the changes in the function of mouse peritoneal macrophages after thermal injury and the antimicrobial effect of Lactobacillus casei on burned mice. On 15% burned mice, while the phagocytic ability of peritoneal macrophages reduced after thermal injury, the antibacterial activity augmented for up to 10 days. Chemiluminescence of peritoneal cells augmented 1 day after thermal injury, but thereafter it reduced. This augmentation of the antimicrobial activity at first day was thought to be due to the increment of production of active oxygens, but its augmentation thereafter may be due to other mechanisms. In the present study, while the phagocytic ability of macrophage reduced after thermal injury, its antimicrobial activity increased inversely. There is a possibility that thermal injury may defect selectively the function of peritoneal macrophages of burned mice.
    When mice were injected intramuscularly with LC9018, the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macropahges from burned mice were restored to the normal level, and the antimicrobial activity and chemiluminescence increased markedly. Therefore, it is possible that LC9018 control the oppotunistic infection on burned host.
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  • Microbiololgical Characteristics and the Background of Patients
    Shigeru OHNARI
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 564-589
    Published: June 20, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Staphylococcus aureus used in this study were isolated from blood cultures of inpatients at the Central Clinical Labolatory, Teikyo University Hospital from January 1984 to April 1986. Resistant patterns to various antibiotics, phage type, coagulase type, TSST-1 productivity of these strains were investigated. In addition, background and administrated antibiotics for the patients were analyzed with Multivariate-analysis.
    1. In the above period, 81 strains of S. aureus were isolated and 57 strains of them (70.4%) were MRSA.
    2. Of this MRSA, 55 strains (96.5%) were resistant to aminoglycosides (AGs). According to previous studies in our hospital, except for production of 3'-phosphotransferase (3'-APH), AGsresistant MRSA were possible to classify into 2 groups. The one is a GM-resistant MRSA that produces bifunctional enzyme having 2′′-phosphotransferase and 6'-acetyltransferase (2′′-APH+6'-AAC) activity. The another one is a TOB-resistant MRSA that produces 4'.4′′-adenylyltransferase (4', 4′′-AAD). 8 strains that produce simultaneously bifunctional enzyme and 4', 4′′-AAD were newly found out in this studies (GMr-+TOBr--MRSA).
    3. GMr-+TOBr--MRSA were classified into 2 groups; 3 strains were similar to GMr--MRSA and the others were similar to TOBr--MRSA in respect to phase type, coagulase type and toxin production. From these results, it was suggested that hospitalized MRSA are changing its properties gradually.
    4. MRSA positive patients were classified into 3 groups;
    1) Age advanced patients affected to brain disorders, malignant tumor, cardiac disorder or diabetis mellitus and fell into so-called immunocompromised host.
    2) High risk infants such as congenital immunodeficiency syndrome and low birth weight.
    3) Age unrelated patients (but many cases were the twenties) encountered multiple trauma or burn.
    Grpoup 1 and 2 recieving radical antibiotic therapy were becoming S. aureus positive over one week hospitalization. In contrast, group 3 become S. aureus positive in a short duration without using anti-biotics.
    5. Significant high frequency between MRSA positive cases pre-administrated 2nd & 3rd generation cephems and unrecieved cases, was proved by statistical analysis using the Hayashi's Quantification 2.
    6. GMr--MRSA was isolated predominantly from the cases admitted to non-surgical wards and TOBr--MRSA was from the cases of surgical wards respectivelly. The reason why the above phenomenon observed was speculated that many cases of surgical wards were administrating various antibiotics in combination.
    7. Post-administrated antibiotics for MRSA infection were also used in combinations of over 2 kinds of antibiotics for almost all cases. By quantification analysis, it was suggested that some of them are effective partially. However, none of them were found to be such as clinicaly effective fully to MRSA infections. From the above findings, it was indicated that MRSA infection if occured, is very difficult to recover.
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  • Shigeru OZAWA, Michiharu KANEKO, Kamesaburo YOSHINO, Shizuko HARADA, K ...
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 590-597
    Published: June 20, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    An analysis of nucleotide sequence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA by restriction endonuclease digestion is being applied to epidemiologic studies. We examined basic characteristics of the DNA fingerprinting analyses, and observed that no two Japanese epidemiologically unrelated isolates yielded identical patterns of DNA fragments. This paper reports a comparison of restriction enzyme cleavage profiles of 224 isolates of HSV type 1 (HSV-1) from five regions in Japan. A variant with a characteristic Bfl II cleavage pattern was found. The variant was isolated at a much higher rate in the western regions than in the eastern regions of Japan. These results seem to suggest that there are some geographic differences among HSV isolates in Japan where migration of the people was very strictly controlled for a long time until a century ago. Thus, HSV variants may have occurred and accumulated in human populations, persisting through intimate personal contacts with the virus carriers.
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  • The Effect of Medium pH on the Germination & Proliferation of Spores
    Kenji KAWASAKI
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 598-607
    Published: June 20, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present study was undertaken to investigate the inhibitory factors against the outbreak of antibiotic associated colitis caused by Clostridium difficile using two in vitro procedures.
    Although the growth of C. difficile No.202 vegetative cells was scarcely influenced in the mixed culture with Bifidobacterium adolescentis No.16, the yield of spores was significantly decreased, as compared with that in monoculture of C. difficile No.202.
    When inoculated alone, C. difficile No.202 spores began to germinate and proliferate after incubation for 12 hrs with culture pH and O-R potential being 6.9 and-360 mV, respectively. In the mixed culture with B. adolescentis No.16, which lowered pH of the culture to 5.3 with O-R potential being-300 mV after incubation for 12 hrs, the proliferation of C. difficile No.202 spores was inhibited for 48 hrs.
    The effect of the initial pH of medium against germination and proliferation of C. difficile No.202 spores was examined using BHI broth as a basal meidum and acetic acid as a pH determinant. The drop in initial pH displayed an extensive impact on the time-course growth of C. difficile No.202 showing delay of germination of spores in proportion to lowering of pH and the proliferation of spores was completely inhibited at pH 5.72.
    These results indicate that acidic pH due to short-chain fatty acids produced by normal bacterial flora plays an important role to prevent the germination and proliferation of C. difficile spores in the gastrointestinal tract.
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  • Keiko ISHIHARA, Jun HAYASHI, Wataru KAJIYAMA, Hiromi ISHIBASHI, Seizab ...
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 608-612
    Published: June 20, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A female patient received an exchange transfusion for ABO maternal incompatibility, when she was a newborn infant. We speculate that she became an HBsAg carrier in this manner, because there were no HBsAg carriers in her familiy. When she was 16 years old, it was detected that she was suffering from chronic active hepatitis by biopsy and that her serum was positive for HBsAg, anti- HBc, and anti-HBe, but not for HBeAg. When she was 19 years old, HBsAg was eliminated from her blood and anti-HBc became low grade. Although at 22 years of age, anti-HBs appeared in her blood, serum transaminase levels were elevated. Generally, when HBsAg was eliminated in chronic hepatitis, hepatitis did not get worse, however, at the age of 26 years she was diagnosed as having liver cirrhosis with esophageal varices. Moreover, it was found that she had proteinuria and microscopic hematuria. It was also proved by biopsy that she had a complication of hepatic glomerulosclerosis. This was a rare case became the elimination of HBsAg occurred before 20 years of age.
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  • Shigenobu UMEKI, Yoshiyuki OKAMOTO, Nobumi HISAMOTO, Yoshito HARA
    1988 Volume 62 Issue 6 Pages 613-618
    Published: June 20, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A 22-year-old woman, who was previously healthy, was admitted to our hospital for further evaluation of continuous general fatigue, fever, nausea and vomiting. Aeromonas hydrophila, a gramnegative bacillus, was found in blood samples and a diagnosis of Aeromonas hydrophila septicemia was made. Since this organism was susceptible to latamoxef, a β-lactamase-resistant antibiotic, and ofloxacin tested in vitro, these drugs were administered on the 7th hospitalized day. Two days later all symptoms disappeared.
    Few cases of Aeromonas hydrophila septicemia in previously healthy subjects have been reported. Here we describe a case of Aeromonas hydrophila septicemia in a young healthy woman and the efficacy of antibiotics against this organism.
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