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Volume 65, Issue 8
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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IV. Role of HemolysinYotaku GYOBU, Hirohide KODAMA, Shigeaki SATO1991 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 897-904
Published: August 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe role of hemolysin in the enteropathogenic mechanism of non-O1 V. cholerae was experimentally investigated, in vitro and in vivo. Results are summarized as follows. 1). A greater majority of enteropathogenic strains produced hemolysin in Eagle MEM medium supplemented with 10% calf serum and in the rabbit ileal loop, while most non-enteropathogenic strains did not under the same conditions. 2). Non-enteropathogenic mutants derived from enteropathogenic parent strains produced much less hemolysin than that of parent strains. 3). A significant inhibition of the fluid accumulation in the ligated rabbit ileal loop test with viable cells was noted in rabbit immunized with purified hemolysin.
These results indicate that hemolysin is the most important toxin in the enteropathogenic mechanism of non-O1 V. choleraeView full abstractDownload PDF (2222K) -
Masako UCHIMURA, Yoshihisa TSURUOKA, Toyoko HUKUDA, Kazuo SUZUKI, Shin ...1991 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 905-908
Published: August 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVero toxin-producing E. coli O111: H-was isolated from 2 cases of patients with severe abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea and were diagnosed as appendicitis. E. coli from both cases produced both VT1 and VT2.View full abstractDownload PDF (412K) -
Hideo ARAI, Kinichiro NAGASE1991 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 909-912
Published: August 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBALB/C mice were immunized with a partially purified M-protein fraction prepared from hot acid-extracts of a type 4, group A streptococcus, strain SS91. Two samples of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) were obtained from hybridoma cells of antibody producing spleen cells fused with NS-1 myeloma cells. Both MAb were of the subclass IgG1 having κ-type light chains.
The MAb agglutinated trypsin-digested cells of type 4 strains, but not of types 1, 2, 18, 28 and 41.This type 4-cell agglutination was inhibited by extacts of type 4 cells; strongly by hot acid-extract and partially by trypsin-extract. Hot acid-extract of type 41 cells had no inhibitory effect.
Sandwitch-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the MAb and partially purified M-protein preparation combination against commercial T-typing sera showed that only T-type 4 antiserum reacted with the combination system. From these data, we thought that the MAb preparations were not directed to M-protein but to T-protein of type 4, group A streptococci.View full abstractDownload PDF (511K) -
Diseases in Japan (2nd Report)Morihiro MORITA, Hajime SASAJIMA1991 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 913-918
Published: August 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe incidences of streptococcal infectious diseases in the regional surveillance informations of infectious diseases of 47 prefectures were compared with each other by the ratios of number of patients with streptococcal infectious diseases, exanthema subitum and varicella to the populations of surveyed age groups, respectively. It was estimated that although there were almost no regional differences in the ratios of exanthema subitum and varicella, the ratios of strentocorral infprtirmq diseases were high in Hokkaido, Akita, Yamanashi, Shiga and Ehime Prefectures, resnectivelv. and was low in Okinawa Prefecture.
The corrected incidences of number of patients with streptococcal infectious diseases-calculated on the basis of the ratios of exanthema subitum and/or varicella. were nlsn hicxh in the regions of Hokkaido, Akita, Iwate, Nagano, Yamanashi, Gifu, Shiga, Okayama and Ehime Prefertiires respectively, and were low in the regions along the Pacific from the southern Tohoku (northern Japan) through a part of the Shikoku Island and the Sea of Japan from the Hokuriku (central Japan) through the Kyushu Island, and the regions of Nara and Okinawa Prefectures, respectively. The climate in the regions with high corrected incidence belonged to the Tohoku-Hokkaido, the Central Highlands and the Seto Inland Sea types, respectively. On the other hand, the regions with low corrected incidence belonged to the Tokai-Kanto, the Nankai (southern sea of Japan), the Hokuriu-Sanin, the Kyushu and the Okinawa climate types, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (753K) -
Miyoko ENDO, Yoshikatsu KASHIWAGI, Rumi OKUNO, Yuji AMANO, Takashi ONO ...1991 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 919-927
Published: August 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs an epidemiological survey for streptococcal infection, antibiotic sensitivity test and Tserotyping were made on 2, 735 strains of group A hemolytic streptococci isolated from clinical specimens and healthy pupils between 1986 through 1988 in Japan.
Most dominant serotype in clinical isolates was T-4 (26.8%) and it was followed T-12 (25.5%), T-1 (11.2%) and T-3 (8.5%), on the other hand, dominant serotypes of the isolates from healthy pupils were T-12 (30.4%), T-1 (19.3%), T-4 (15.3%) and T-28 (13.4%).
All of the isolates tested were sensitive to the β-lactam antibiotics which was found as same as consequence of the previous surveys. However 36.4% to tetracycline, 2.1% to chloramphenicol and 1.4% to oleandomycin of the clinical isolates were resistant. Similarily, 16.2% to tetracycline, 2.3% to chloramphenicol 1.7% to oleandomycin, of the isolates from healthy pupils were resistant. Multiresistant strains were found 1.4% in clinical isolates and 1.7% in the isolates from healthy pupils.
Relation between distribution of multiresistant strain and T-serotypes was found. In T-12, multiresistant strains were encountered at a relatively high rate compared with other serotypes, representing 3.5% in clinical isolates and 5.6% in the isolates from healthy pupils. However this tendency was decreased than previous surveys, while incidence of tetracycline resistant strains in T-4 remained at high level, representing about 94% as same as in the past.View full abstractDownload PDF (1132K) -
Yusuke OKUYAMA, Yutaka INOUE, Hiromi ISHIHARA, Mariko OSHIMA1991 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 928-937
Published: August 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn 4, 864 group A streptococci isolated from throat culture of patients in hospitals in Saitama from 1979 to 1989, we have done an epidemiological analysis of the T-type detection rates and the T-type epidemic, the monthly isolation rates, and the isolation rates by sex and age of patients.
1. The T-type detection rates of 4, 864 isolates of group A streptococci showed type T12 in 22.6%, type T4 in 16.4%, type T1 in 10.8%, type T13 in 8.5%, type T6 in 7.6%, type T28 in 6.9%, type T3 in 6.1% and type T18 in 5.3% etc, and the largest number of isolates was type T12 among 16 T-types.
2. The main epidemic T-type during the investigation was type T12, and it was at the top from 1980 to 1981 and from 1984 to 1985. The others, type T4 was at the top from 1982 to 1983 and from 1983 to 1989, type T3 was in 1986, type T6 was in 1987, and type T1 was in 1988, especially it has been suggested that there are the high epidemic T-types and low epidemic T-types among the T-types of throat group A streptococci.
3. Monthly epidemic pattern of throat group A streptococci in each year showed two small epidemic peaks on March and June, a large epidemic peak from November to December sence a turn on August. Further, the monthly epidemic pattern has been repeated every year.
4. Throat group A streptococci isolated from patients occupied 87 per cent by the patients from 0 to 14 years, the peak of age distribution showed by age group from 5 to 7 years. The sexual ratio of male to female was in the ratio 1: 0.9. Further, the throat group A streptococci isolated from patients of age greater than 15 years was occupied about 50 per cent by age group from 30 to 39 years. A sexual ratio of male to female in the age group was in the ratio 1: 1.8.View full abstractDownload PDF (1171K) -
Yoshihiko TAKAZAWA, Isao TOMIZAWA1991 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 938-944
Published: August 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring the last five-year period between 1985 and 1989, serotypes of 671 strains of group A and 238 strains of group B streptococci isolated from clinical specimens in Sapporo city general hospital were studied. Results of serotyping were given as under; Type T4 (25.8%), T12 (25.6%), Ti (11.5%), T3 (9.2%), T6 and T28 (6.3% each), T8 and T22 (0.6% each), T13 (0.4%), T9 and B3264 were found in group A. Type T4 and T12 formed main types up to this time and T1, T3, T6 and T28 were other predominant types. The elevated isolation rates of type T3 and T28 were remarkable in this period. In group B, Ia (31.5%), III (16.8%), Ib (14.3%), II (8.0%) and V (4.2%) were observed. On 617 samples (391 group A, 226 group B) out of these strains, antibiotic susceptibility to 9 drugs were examined. No resistant strain (MIC≥25μg/ml) to beta-lactam antibiotics was found in each group. Resistant strains in group A streptococci were demonstrated 24.3% to TC, 0.5% to OL. No resistant strain, however, was observed to CP or EM. In group B, resistant strains were found in 39.8% to TC, 6.6% to CP, 2.2% to EM. Strains resistant to only TC (31.0%) were most prevalent followed by TC·CP (6.2%) and TC·MLs (2.7%). Multi-resistant strain (to TC·CP·MLs) was not found.View full abstractDownload PDF (697K) -
Chihiro KATSUKAWA, Kazuhiro HARADA1991 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 945-952
Published: August 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA total of 386 strains of Group A hemolytic Streptococci isolated from the patients in Osaka in 1988 and 1989 were type-classified by both T-agglutination and M-precipitin methods and were examined for drug-sensitivity. The results were summarized as follows.
1. From T-typing result, T-1 (28.2%) was revealed as the most dominant serotype in 1988, followed by T-4 (24.9%), and T-12 (23.2%), although not as much difference was found in the isolation rate among these three types. A similar tendency was observed in the results of 1989. The order was T-4 (30.3%), T-1 (24.8%), and T-12 (22.1%).
2. In the isolated Group A hemolytic Streptococci, 177 out of 241 strains (73.4%) in 1988 and 126 out of 145 strains (86.9%) in 1989 were M-typable with seven kinds of M-typing sera (Anti M-1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 13, 18). The result of M-typing was similar to that of T-typing, because the coincidence rate between T and M types was very high among the most prevalent serotypes such as 1, 4, 6, and 12 (type-1: 98.1%, type-4: 89.4%, type-6: 91.7%, type-12: 94.3%).
3. The number of antibiotic-resistant strains decreased. It was especially prominent in the resistant strains to erythromycin, lincomycin and chloramphenicol. While the incidence of tetracycline resistant strains in type-4, 11 and 13 remained at a high level, it decreased in type-12 and 1. All strains were sensitive to the β-lactam antibiotics.
4. No resistant strains were detected to enoxacin (ENX) and ofloxacin (OFLX), new quinolone. MIC90 values of ENX and OFLX were 16μg/ml and 2μg/ml, respectively, although difference of MIC90was observed among some strain types: MIC90 of ENX against type-6 strain was 8 times higher than that against type-12 strain.View full abstractDownload PDF (967K) -
Miyoko SAKAKI, Hideyuki DOI, Masao KUWABARA, Junko YAMADA, Yoshikatsu ...1991 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 953-959
Published: August 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe grouping, the typing and the drug-sensibility of hemolytic streptococci isolated from the clinical specimens taken from 4 medical centers in Hiroshima Prefecture have been examined and reviewed during the past 3 year 1987-1989. The results were summarized in this report.
1. Of 1572 strains of hemolytic streptococci, 844 strains (53.7%) were group A; 539 strains (34.3%), group B; 14 strains (0.9%), group C; 82 strains (5.2%), group G; and 93 strains (5.9%), the others. We found that group A and group B were predominant, and the incidence rate of group B was higher than it used to be.
2. The prevalent types were T-4 (37.9%), T-1 (13.6%), T-12 (12.0%), and T-28 (10.7%) in group A, while Ia (26.2%), M9 (provisional type 18.4%), and III (14.5%) in group B.
3. As for as the detection data of each month is concluded, during the summer season we could hardly detect group A which peak of occurrence during the winter season. These findings were really consistent with the occurrence pattern of those patients who suffered from streptococcal infectious disease. But this occurrence pattern couldn't be found in group B.
4. In our study, the positive frequence was throat swab>urine>sputum>vaginal swab>pus>ear secretion in order. Group A was mainly isolated from throat swab, while group B, from several specimens including urine.
5. We found that there was a high drug-sensibility to the j3-lactum drugs in all strains except for 3 strains of group B which were resistant to CEX. Considering the correlation between the typing and the drug resistant pattern, we concluded that the types resistant to the TC mono-drug were often recognized in T-4, T-13 of group A, and those resistant not only to the TC mono-drug, but also to theTC·CP 2-drugs were in T-11 of group A.View full abstractDownload PDF (845K) -
Teiko MURAI, Yoshiko INAZUMI, Munekazu NISHIWAKI, Yoshiko NODA, Haruko ...1991 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 960-969
Published: August 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt appears that skin infections involving streptococci have recently decreased in Japan due to improved sanitary and nutritional conditions, not to mention the wide availability of antibiotics. However, there have as yet been published no reports on the exact status of such infections.
This study was undertaken to provide a better understanding of the current status of skin infections Japan, with a main focus on the frequency of streptococcal skin infections and the bacteriological characteristics of isolates from patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (4747K) -
Streptococcicosis Study GroupMichiko OKUYAMA, Kunio NAKAJIMA, Kiyoshi OKUDA1991 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 970-976
Published: August 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe incidence of group A, B, C & G hemolytic streptococci residing in the throat of children with diabetes was surveyed. The survey was carried out in August, 1982 and August, 1983. Included in the surveys were 136 diabetic children. The survey was also carried out with healthy school children atthe same term as the contrast.
The detection rate of the streptococci among the diabetic children was significantly higher than the healthy school children. A great portion of streptococci detected from these diabetic children was classified into group B, on the other hand, from the healthy school children, group A. Although from healthy school children, BIII, BIa and several other types were isolated, from diabetic children only BIa and BIII were isolated.
The detection rate of the streptococci among the diabetic children was significantly higher in theearly days in camp for improvement of diabetes than in the last day. In the latter case the detectionrate was similar to that among healthy children. In the other words following antidiabetic therapy asdiaberes improved the detection rate were also improved.
Among these 136 diabetic children examined 31 gave positive cultures at both surveys each year.Serogroups or serotypes in each year examinations, isolates were identical in 26 cases. Most of thesegroups were group B and the types were Ia and III.View full abstractDownload PDF (951K) -
Hirohide KODAMA, Michiyo HAYASHI, Yotaku GYOBU1991 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 977-982
Published: August 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA marked difference between the aged and children has been observed in the group distribution of hemolytic streptococci isolated from various clinical specimens. Group B strains from the urine and sputum, and group G from the sputum, pus and exudate have been predominant in the aged, whereas group A strains from the throat swab have dominated in children.
The present study was undertaken to clarify the background for such a marked difference by investigating the normal state of pharyngeal and intestinal carriage of hemolytic streptococci both in the aged and children.
1. As to the pharyngeal carriage, quite a contrast was observed between the aged and children. In the former, the rate of carriers was low and the predominant groups among the streptococcus isolates were B (Streptococcus aglactiae) and G (identified as Streptococcus equisimilis), while in the latter, the rate was high and group A (Streptococcus pyogenes) strains comprised approximately 75% of the isolates, most of them being from the throat swab.
2. Both the aged and children showed a similar state of streptococcus carriage in the intestine. The rate of carriers was low and the predominant group among the isolates was B in both populations. Although group G strains were occasionally isolated, group A strains were isolated neither in the aged nor in children.
These results explain well the difference between the aged and children in the group distribution of the clinical isolates of hemolytic streptococci.View full abstractDownload PDF (774K) -
Especially as Compared with Elementary School ChildrenKunio NAKAJIMA, Yoko SAGAYAMA, Kazuko HIRANO, Masaharu YOKOTA, Kenji N ...1991 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 983-991
Published: August 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHemolytic streptococci were isolated from throat of middle-aged and advanced-aged and these organisms were classified into groups A, B, C and G.
1) Persons 15 to 39 years old were included in one group and persons from 40 years of age upward were divided into 5 groups every 10 years. Comparison of these groups were done. Generally, group B organisms were most often isolated. The detection rate of group B organisms was higher in the older age group. The detection rates of group A and G organisms were approximately equal, but both organisms were isolated from a few persons. No organism of group C was isolated from males, while only two strains belonged to group C organism were isolated from females.
2) A number of strains of group A hemolytic streptococci were isolated from school children, particularly in the lower classes. But the proportion of group B organism to isolated streptococci showed an increase in upper classes, noticeably in females.
3) For middle-aged and advanced-aged, blood samples were obtained simultaneously on examination of the throat, and ASO value and ASK titer were determined. ASO values were higher in persons infected with groups A, C or G organisms than in persons infected with group B organism or no hemolytic streptococcus. ASK titers revealed a similar results to ASO values, though the relation between ASK titers and isolated hemolytic streptococci was less positive.View full abstractDownload PDF (1014K) -
Kiyoshi HOSHINA, Yoko SUZUKI, Masumi KOBAYASHI, Sumi UNNO, Motoko MIYA ...1991 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 992-995
Published: August 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn attempt was made to detect carriers of group B Streptococcus (GBS) among pregnant women by vaginal culture. Reported carrier rates have varied from 3% to 15%, and one study has reported that cultures of urine sediment showed a very high positivity rate of 30% among non-pregnant women. In this study, we cultured urine sediment from 110 non-pregnant and 415 pregnant women.
Among non-pregnant women, 26% were found to be GBS carriers by culture of urine sediment. Among pregnant women, the carrier rate was 3% by vaginal culture and 15% by culture of urine sediment. The serotypes of cases positive by vaginal vulture were identical with those positive by urine sediment culture.
For detection of GBS carriers among pregnant women, culture of urine sediment is easy and reduces the rate of false negativity.View full abstractDownload PDF (524K) -
The Last Sixteen Years SurveyYoshihiko TAKIZAWA, Isao TOMIZAWA, Katsumi ITOH1991 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 996-1002
Published: August 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS11, 119 patients with scarlet fever admitted in the last sixteen years, from 1973 to 1988, to Sapporo City General Hospital, were studied statistically on symptoms and laboratory findings.
The results were summarized as follows:
1. Annual number of patients have reduced suddenly since 1981, and become zero in 1989. The patients increased in number during the winter season. Eighty two percent of the cases were between 3 and 8 years of age, and the average age was 5.8 year-old.
2. Cases of above-38°C temparature were seen in about 81.4%, and from 2 to 5 days-duration of temparature were seen in 86.6% of the patients in the year 1976. Cases of above-moderate rash were observed in 68.2%, sever redness of throat in 29.9%, strawberry tongue in 86.3% and angular stomatitis in 37.7% of the patients. In recent statistical analysis (1982-1988), we found, however, a tendency that patients having stronger symptoms were being introduced to our hospital.
3. The higher rates of cases showing elavated ASD titer were seen in the elder patients and inthe winter. C-reactive protein (CRP) titers were mostly in the range of (-) to (6+), having 2.4+ on anaverage.
4. Patients who developed into overt nephritis were not seen. Cases of microscopic hematuria (≥3 red cells/f in uirne sediments), however, were observed in 1.1%(125/11, 119). Sever complicationswere hardly seen.
5. Reappearence of II-hemolytic streptococci (on a week after discharge) were found in 3.1%(241/7, 877).
6. Reinfection or relapse cases of scarlet fever were found in 6.7%(642/9, 585). Reinfection cases, or from whom different T-types of streptococci isolated from the last infections, were seen in 52 (80.0%) out of 65 cases examined.
7. The predominant types of T12 (44.5%), T4 (24.1%) and Ti (8.2%) showed short epidemic waves having from 5 to 7 year-period.View full abstractDownload PDF (777K) -
Hirokazu SASAKI, Yoichiro YOSHINAGA, Shinichiro OKI, Naoki TSUMURA, Ke ...1991 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 1003-1008
Published: August 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany kinds of microorganisms can produce toxic septicemia in immunocompromised hosts.
We are reporting alpha-hemolytic streptococcal septicemia and meningitis in two children with hematological malignancies.
[Case 1] 6 year old girl who had been suffering from acute lymphocytic leukemia. She had sepsisand bacterial meningitis in maintenance-therapy for leukemia. Streptococcus sanguis was isolated from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
[Case 2] 11 year old girl who had had malignant lymphoma (non-Hodgkin type). She also had sepsis and bacterial meningitis due to Streptococcus mitis which was isolated from blood and CSF in maintenance-therapy. Both cases had been treated with anti-cancer drugs and had severe granulocytopenia.
Positive rate of blood cultures during the recent 6 years (1984.11989.12) at our department was 6.0%(total number of cultures were 2, 019, positive cultures were 121). Strains of 131 bacteria were determined; Gram-positive cocci were 70 strains (53.4%) and Gram-negative rods were 52 strains (39.7%). Fifteen strains (11.5%) of alpha-hemolytic Streptococci were isolated during 6 years. One hundred thirteen cases of septicemia were analysed in medical charts and 12 cases of alpha-hemolytic streptococcal septicemia were observed (5 cases with infective endcarditis and 7 cases in immunocompromisedstates).View full abstractDownload PDF (602K) -
Hirokazu SASAKI, Yoichiro YOSHINAGA, Shinichiro OKI, Naoki TSUMURA, Ke ...1991 Volume 65 Issue 8 Pages 1009-1013
Published: August 20, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStreptococcus milleri (S. milleri) found in healthy individuals in the mouth, nasopharynx, throat, vagina and in feces, and has been reported to be isolated from several infectious diseases in man, particularly from abscess invarious parts of the body.
We report two cases of severe infections due to S.milleri isolated from subdural abscess and pleural empyema.
[Case 1] 13 year old boy who had been healthy until he wasnoticed to have meningeal signs and wasdiagnosed as left subdural abscess with siagonantritis by cranial CT scans. S. milleri was isolated from subduralabscess and maxillary sinus.
[Case 2] 10 year old boy who had encephalitis and severe mental retardation after measles at 6 months of age. He had a fever, dyspnea and chest X-ray abnormalities, and was diagnosed as right pleural empyema.Three strains of organism, S. milleri, Bacteroides spp. and Fusobacterium nucleatumwere isolated from the pleural effusion.View full abstractDownload PDF (5064K)
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