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Volume 67, Issue 12
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Shinichi KOBAYASHI, Takayuki MORISHITA, Takashi KANDA, Masato AKIYAMA, ...1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 1151-1154
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChlamydia pneumoniae was isolated from the throat swab of a 5-year-old girl with acute bronchitis. The titers of IgM and IgG antibodies to C. pneumoniae in the serum were 1: 20 and 1: 2560, respectively. C. pneumoniae genome was detected by polymerase chain reaction in the throat swab and the infected cells after three passages, while C. pneumoniae was isolated from the throat swab after five passages by cell culture. PCR is considered to be a helpful method to isolate C. pneumoniae efficiently in routine cell-cultures.View full abstractDownload PDF (2587K) -
1) Outbreak of Group C Hemolytic Streptococcal Infection in Formosan SquirrelsMasafumi FUKUYAMA, Orie SUDA, Motonobu HARA, Seigo KISHIKAWA, Jun SUZU ...1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 1155-1159
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBetween mid-October to mid-November 1992, of 500 freely-ranging Formosan and striped squirrels kept at Garden Y in the suburbs of Kanagawa Prefecture, 414 (82.8%) suddenly died one after another by bleeding from the nasal and oral cavities after developing a mild facial swelling. Isolation of microbes including viruses were carried out from the Formosan squirrels that had suddenly died. Various organs from these animals were histologically examined.
1. In bacteriological tests, β-hemolytic streptococcal strains were isolated in a pure culture from 5 (83.3%) of 6 Formosan squirrels that had died suddenly. By serological analysis, 14 isolated strains were serotyped as group C according to the classification of Lancefield. From their biochemical characteristics, these were identified as Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. A drug sensitivity test revealed that ABPC, PCG, SBPC, CMX and CPZ are highly sensitive against the isolates.
2. In the virological test, the viral isolation was applied for three blind passages by primary cultured kidney cells of Formasan squirrels, but no evidence of CPE was obtained.
3. At autopsy, a pathological change was detected mainly in the lungs. Histopathological examinations revealed severe hypertrophic changes of the alveolar wall in the entire pulmonary lobe. Severe congestion, hemorrhagic pneumonia, neutrophils and macrophages infiltration were observed in the hypertrophic alveolar wall. In the other cases, thrombi were observed in the branches of the pulmonar artery. Other organs demonstrated no remarkable histopathological changes.
4. Streptococcal strains were not isolated from the pharynx in all of the employees working at this garden.View full abstractDownload PDF (3042K) -
Yoshifumi YAMAGISHI, Jiro FUJITA, Keiichi TAKIGAWA, Hiroshi MIYAWAKI, ...1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 1160-1166
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the usefulness of plasmid analyses in epidemiologicalstudy, plasmid DNA profiles, restriction fragment patterns of chromosomal DNA analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and patterns of extracellular products were performed intwenty-four nosocomial strains of Pseudomonas cepacia isolated at the Kagawa Medical School Hospital. Fifteen strains were obtained from 15 patients admitted in A ward, three strains were obtainedfrom nebulizer divices used in A ward, 5 stains were obtained from 5 patients admitted in B ward, and1 strain was obtained from a patient admitted in C ward. Three different patterns which differed from ward to ward were clearly distinguished by PFGE patterns and patterns of extracellular products. Onthe other hand, plasmid DNA profiles were different in some strains obtained from B ward. These results suggested that plasmid analyses combined with other typing methods are useful in more precise epidemiological analysis on nosocomial infection of P. cepacia.View full abstractDownload PDF (4126K) -
Shuji MIURA, Yoshio ISHIBASHI, Toshihiko ARAI1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 1167-1171
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA human IgG monoclonal antibody cocktail aganst Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotypes A, B, E, G, I and M (MCA5) was tested for its therapeutic effect on the infected mice with clinically isolated P. aeruginosa strains. More than 80% of the collected strains were found to belong to the above six serotypes. Direct agglutination with MCA5 gave slight reduced rates, but over 70% of the strains were agglutinated with MCA5. Fifty percent lethal doses of the representative strains to mice (LD50) were estimated, and 50% protective doses of MCA5 to the infected mice with 5 LD50 of the strains (ED50) were determined. MCA5 was found not to be protective to all the infected mice with above six serotypes but protective only to the mice infected with the agglutinated strains. Confirmation of the agglutination of the causative organism with MCA5 is required for the treatment by MCA5. ED50 for a clinically isolated strain and the virulent stock strain were determined under the various challenge doses. It was found that ED50 increased in parallel with the increase of challenged doses but did not change depending on the virulences of the infected strains. These results indicated that this cocktail worked as opsonin. Opsogenic anti-0 IgG antibody could be most effective to protect the opportunistic infections caused by the bacteria which have not so powerful exotoxins.View full abstractDownload PDF (635K) -
Shigenobu UMEKI1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 1172-1177
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMechanisms for purple discoloration of the plastic urine bag in purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) were investigated. Activities of bacterial indoxyl sulfatase catalyzing the conversion of indoxyl sulfate to indigo (or indirubin) were detected in strong alkaline liquid media but not in normal ones. These enzyme activities were particularly high in simple and combined cultures of Proteus mirabilis and/or Klebsiella pneumoniae. These results suggest that occurrence of PUBS is associated with strong alkaline urine as well as urinary tract infections induced by some species of bacteria with indoxyl sufatase.View full abstractDownload PDF (6485K) -
Hajime SUGIYAMA, Yasuo ONO, Otohiko KUNII1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 1178-1182
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, unusual frequency of bacteremia and neutrophil dysfunction during interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy for advanced cancer has been reported. To determine the cause of this dysfunction, we investigated the effects of recombinant human IL-2 on the chemotaxis and chemiluminescence (CL) response of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and the effects of tumor necrosis factor-aα(TNF-α), which is elevated after IL-2 administration, on the chemotaxis of human PMNs in vitro. After incubation of various concentrations of IL-2 or TNF-α with PMNs obtained from healthy adults, the chemotactic response to stimulation with N-formyl-/-methyony1-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine was measured by a modified Boyden chamber method. The CL response of PMNs and whole blood was measured by stimulation with non-opsonized zymosan, Staphylococcus aureus or phorbol myristate acetate after 10-minute incubation with IL-2.
PMN chemotaxis (IL-2 concentration: 1, 10, 100, 1000 U/ml) and the CL response of PMNs and whole blood (IL-2 concentration: 1, 10, 100 U/ml) were unchanged when compared with the responses of untreated cells. However, PMN chemotaxis was significantly inhibited after incubation with TNF-α at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 U/ml. These results demonstrate that IL-2 has no direct effect on PMN function; however, TNF-α which increases in concentration following IL-2 therapy inhibits PMN chemotaxis, indicating that this factor may be a cause of chemotactic defects in PMNs during IL-2 therapy.View full abstractDownload PDF (2653K) -
Sumio YAMADA, Kenji OHTA, Hiromi OBATA, Shigeru MATSUSHITA, Ichirou HI ...1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 1183-1189
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn 1992, the number of cases of shigellosis in Tokyo increased remarkably, and a total of 10 separate outbreaks were confirmed. Except for 1 series where the causative strains was Shigella flexneri 3a, the other 9 outbreaks were caused by Shigella sonnei. Of note, 7 outbreaks were familial with less than 5 patients. The remaining 3 outbreaks occurred in a restaurant, a school and the dormitory of an orphanage, in which the organism was detected in 6 to 14 patients. In 4 of the familial outbreaks occurring in distant areas during August, ark shell was presumed to be the vehicle by epidemiological investigations and laboratory examinations. Analysis of isolates such as the antibiotic resistance pattern, plasmid profile, or colicine type in Shigella sonnei was useful in clarifying the commonality of each case and identfying the vehicle or transmission.View full abstractDownload PDF (977K) -
Masanori IWAMOTO, Tomiko TAKASE, Hiroshi MUKAE, Yuuichi INOUE, Norihik ...1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 1190-1197
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAt Hokushou Central Hospital, we studied the isolation rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from 1985 to 1989; respiratory infection with MRSA, in 1989; and sepsis of MRSA, from 1988 to 1989. The isolation rate of MRSA from sputum increased from 0% in 1985 to 65.4% in 1989. MRSA was isolated mainly from elderly patients in a geriatric ward, with 55 of 67 strains (82%) being isolated from these patients in 1989. MIC80 of isolated MRSA strains was 0.01 μg/ml to rifampicin, 0.02 μg/ml to minomycine, 3.13 μg/ml to vancomycine, 12.5 μg/ml to ofloxacin and 100 μg/ml to imipenem in 1989. One-third of the 60 isolated cases showed respiratory infections including 10 cases of pneumonia and 10 sepsis patients and 11 blood samples in 1988 and 1989, especially 92.9% of S. aureus isolated in 1989 was MRSA. Four of the 6 patients with respiratory infections of MRSA and 1 of the 3 patients with MRSA sepsis were treated successfully by a combination therapy of imipenem/ cilastatin and cefazolin.View full abstractDownload PDF (912K) -
Shuji MIURA, Toshihiko ARAI1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 1198-1202
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMethicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) selectively increased by extensive chemotherapy is now one of the major causative agents of opportunistic infections in immunocompromized patients. Immunotherapy should be applied because this infection is based on the immunocompromized state of the patients. But this therapy has not been applied because S. aureus is known to have protein A which binds to the Fc portion of IgG and blocks phagocytosis through Fc receptor of phagocytic cells which plays the major role for the killing of infected bacteria in vivo. It should be known that MRSA strains often did not express protein A.
Recently isolated MRSA strains were collected from three medical institutions and examined for their expression of protein A. Incidences of protein A-negative strains were different among institutions. It was found that more than a half of the strains from a general hospital which expressed typical heat sensitive methicillin resistance did not express protein A, but that incidences of protein A-negative strains were around 20% in the MRSA strains of a complicated history from a university hospital and a research center. All protein A-negative strains were found to be agglutinated by a commercially available immunoglobulin preparation (Venilon). And this immunoglobulin was proved to have a protective effect for the mouse experimental infections of these protein A-negative MRSA strains.View full abstractDownload PDF (650K) -
Toshinobu YOKOYAMA1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 1203-1210
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains which were isolated in 1992 were surveyed for distribution of mecA, mecR1 (putative mecA gene inducer gene) and mecl gene (putative mecA gene repressor gene) by the method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
All the 30 strains (100%) of MRSA carried mecA gene and mecR1 gene-1 (32-357 bp, closer to mecA gene). In contrast, mecI gene (putative mecA gene repressor gene) and mecR1 gene-2 (987-1221 bp, closer to mecI gene) were detected in only 23 (73%) of the MRSA strains. By RT-PCR, the mecI gene existing in these highly resistant MRSA strains was demonstrated to remain inactivated. In 28 strains of MSSA and two strains of methicillin with MIC of 6.25 pg/ml, all of the mec genes (mecA, mecR1 and mecl) were not detected. In contrast, in the other three strains, which were sensitive to methicillin in spite of the presence of mecA gene and defined as MSSA, the mec genes other than mecA were detected except for one strain. Methicillin-resistant (with MIC of 12.5 pg/ml or more) coagulase-negative staphylococci (15 S. epidermidis and 9 S. haemolyticus) strains were surveyed as well. As results, all the mec genes mentioned above were detected in all the strains except for one of S. epidermidis, but only mecA gene in the strains of S. haemolyticus. Thus, it was found that the composition of the mec genesof methicillin-resistant S. haemolyticus were more variant from that of methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus and S. epidermidis.View full abstractDownload PDF (4707K) -
Yutaka MURATA, Shinji KUSUNOKI, Wakio MINAMIDE, Hirotune IGIMI, Kiyohi ...1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 1211-1218
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVerotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) was rapidly detected by the PCR method in one of the 9 feces samples. They were collected from the people who had been cooking meals for patients on a periodic feces examination on November 25, 1992. It was confirmed by PCR that the isolate had both VT1 and VT2vh toxic genes and showed cytotoxity on Verocells. In this case, the isolate was highly susceptible to common antibiotic agents, it was removed by the administration of tosfulaxacin. Some isolates which had the same properties as those of the strain described in “VITEK GNI card” and the antimicrobial susceptibility and VT toxin types, were detected in 2 of the 3 members of her family, they were healthy carriers and did not have any subjective symptoms such as diarrhea or abdominal pain.
In order to detect Verotoxic genes, the sample of feces preincubated for 3 h in trypticase broth was subjected to PCR.
We recommend that this method is much more useful because of rapid detection and identification of VTEC compared with the classical culture method.View full abstractDownload PDF (2333K) -
Hideo UDAGAWA, Yoshikata SHIMIZU, Hirokazu NAKADA, Chikako INAYOSHI, S ...1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 1219-1222
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA case of fulminant streptococcal infection occurring in a 28-year-old pregnant female is reported. She initially developed pharyngitis and high fever during the 33rd week of gestation. This was treated with oral piperacillin for two days with temporary amelioration. Recurrence of high fever, however, was noted shortly thereafter, which was followed by stillbirth of twin babies, and subsequent development of refractory hypotention and demise of the mother. Autopsy revealed presence of numerous cocci and fibrin thrombi in systemic circulation, and this was thought to be the immediate cause of her death. The causative organism was identified as Streptococcus pyogenes, M3, T3, and was found to be producing streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A in vitro. The underlying mechanism for this serious infection remains unknown.View full abstractDownload PDF (3663K) -
Yasuhiro KISHIHARA, Koya NAKASHIMA, Hideyuki NUKINA, Jun HAYASHI, Seiz ...1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 1223-1227
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo cases of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) with disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection are reported. Both patients had hemophilia and were infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV) by antihemophilic factor infusion. In case 1, a 44-year-old male, Mycobacterium marinum, which ordinarily causes cutaneous infection, was isolated from sputum before death and from the lung, spleen, bone marrow, liver and lymph node at autopsy. This is the first report of disseminated M. marinum infection with AIDS. In case 2, a 25-year-old male, Mycobacterium avium complex, which is the most common strain in non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection among patients with HIV, was isolated from the lung by TBLB and at autopsy from the lung, liver, spleen, bone marrow, lymph node, stomach, small intestine and testis. He also had a giant intraabdominal lymphadenopathy, associated with the M. avium complex infiltration. In conclusion, non-tuberculous mycobacteria can be easily disseminated in patients with AIDS because of dysfunction of cellular immunity, even when their primary lesions are not severe.View full abstractDownload PDF (3390K) -
Yoshiaki WATANABE1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 1228-1232
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFive cases of respiratory infection in which Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) was isolated from sputum were reported. All of the five patients had animal contact, and three of the five patients suffered from bronchiectasis. No underlying pulmonary disease was found in one case, P. multocida was also isolated from her cat. Patients were treated with ST, MINO+ PIPC, ABPC+ CFT, SBTPC, AMK+ MINO with improvement.
Thirty cases of respiratory tract infection due to P. multocida including our cases have been reported in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (498K) -
Shuji MIURA, Toshihiko ARAI1993 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 1233-1234
Published: December 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (223K)
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