Kansenshogaku Zasshi
Online ISSN : 1884-569X
Print ISSN : 0387-5911
ISSN-L : 0387-5911
Volume 67, Issue 5
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
  • Kousei UEMATSU, Tetsutarou SATA, Yuuko SATOH, Yoshiharu MAEDA, Tomo WA ...
    1993 Volume 67 Issue 5 Pages 421-428
    Published: May 20, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We have demonstrated the nested-polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) assay detected from 14 mycobacterial species. We have further demonstrated the species specific restriction sites within amplified dnaJ gene, which allowed us to differentiate the mycobacterial DNA by combination of the PCR with the restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).
    Nested-PCR-RFLP was used to detect and identified mycobacterial DNA in the sputa samples and HIV related samples. The target DNA was a 196-base pair segment of dnaJ gene.
    Of 68 sputum samples tested, 7 were smear positive for acid-fast bacilli and culture. The 7 samples were also identified with Mycobacterium tuberculosis by PCR-RFLP.
    We tested 69 HIV related samples (19 frozen samples, 22 paraffin embedded samples and 28 lymphocyte from HIV infected people).
    Of 38 samples were positive for nested-PCR, 8 M. tubeculosis complex, 7 M. avium, 8 M. intracellulare, and 16 others were detected by PCR-RFLP.
    The PCR method is useful for the rapid diagnosis of mycobacterial infection.
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  • Teruko KOMODA, Hisaichi BANNAI, Hiroshi MIYAZAWA, Toshiharu TEZUKA, To ...
    1993 Volume 67 Issue 5 Pages 429-434
    Published: May 20, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to facilitate the isolation of C. pneumoniae, strain similar TWAR, with high frequency, we investigated the effect of various factors on the infectivity of Chlamydia using two laboratory strains, C. pneumoniae TWAR and C. trachomatis serovar D. The factors tested were the effects of different temperatures for storage conditions, saliva from healthy person, storage media for Chlamydia, and the frequency of freezing and thawing.
    Chlamydial suspension was prepared in the two media, SPG (sucrose-phosphate-glutamate buffer pH 7.5), and CT-GM (culture medium for Chlamydia which contains 1, μg/ml cycloheximide and 0.04% glucose). Chlamydial suspension was allowed to stand in each of four different thermal conditions: 37°C, room temperature (25°C), 4°C, 0°C and-75°C for 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours. For storage at-75°C, one of three groups of glass vial tubes containing Chlamydia was covered with an “airmat” to prevent the rapid freezing of Chlamydia. The effect of various factors on the infectivity was assayed by inoculation of the suspension on HeLa 229 cell monolayers.
    Results showed that the infectivity rapidly decreased at 37°C and room temperature, while at 4°C, 0°C and-75°C, relatively high infectivity was maintained and continued until days 4 to 6. This decreasing pattern was similar to among the media used. We were not able to find any differences in the infectivity among the samples with or without the “airmat”. No or virtually no infectivity was found after incubation of Chlamydia with saliva at 37°C. High infectivity, however, was maintained at both 4°C and 0°C.
    Initial freezing and thawing resulted in about 70-80% loss of infectivity. Infectivity then gradually decreased as the number of freezings and thawings increased. Similar results were obtained for C. trachomatis serovar D.
    In conclusion, our research findings indicate that samplings of throat swabs from patients without contamination by saliva is the most important factor for ensuring the successful isolation of C. pneumoniae, and that sample specimens should be transported at 4°C or 0°C and be inoculated as soon as possible. If necessary, until cell monolayers are prepared, samples should be kept at 4°C or 0°C, and should never be frozen at-75°C.
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  • Hiroshi KIYOTA, Toyohei MACHIDA, Shoichi ONODERA, Hiroo SUZUKI, Hiroka ...
    1993 Volume 67 Issue 5 Pages 435-439
    Published: May 20, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We compared the antimicrobial activities of penems in human urine with those in Mueller-Hinton broth in order to clarify the usefulness of penems for urinary tract infections. Furthermore, we also investigated the influence of urine components, such as pH, magnesium concentration and calucium concentration, on the antimicrobial activities of penems. Three penems, i.e., imipenem, panipenem and meropenem were employed. And two bacterial strains, i.e., Escherichia coli NIHJ JC-2 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18s, were tested.
    There was no significant difference in MBCs between human urine and Mueller-Hinton broth against E. coli. However, MBCs of penems in human urine was lower than those in Mueller-Hinton broth against P. aeruginosa. On the other hand, MBCs of penems against these two strains were low when urine pH was high or urine calcium concentration was low. No influence of urine magnesium concentration on MBCs of penems was seen.
    From these results, it was suggested that we should measure the antimicrobial activities of penems not only in Mueller-Hinton broth, but also in human urine, when we administer penems to patients with urinary tract infections. And we should foresee the clinical effects of penems against urinary tract infections paying attention to urine pH of the patients.
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  • Tomohiko TAKASAKI, Kunihiro SUGITA, Natsuko FUJII, Masahiko HIGASHIKAW ...
    1993 Volume 67 Issue 5 Pages 440-443
    Published: May 20, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) is the causative agent for exanthem subitum. This study investigated the relationship between idiopathic facial nerve palsy (Bell's palsy), sudden deafness and HHV-6 infection. Both Bell's palsy and sudden deafness are syndromes which causes are unknown. Both of them are suspected viral infection as causative agents. Paired sera from 22 patients of Bell's palsy and 39 patients of sudden deafness were examined for reactivity to HHV-6 by the indirect immunofluorescence test.
    On a case of Bell's palsy and two cases of sudden deafness each of the HHV-6 antibody titers was increased.
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  • Masaki YOSHIDA
    1993 Volume 67 Issue 5 Pages 444-451
    Published: May 20, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to clarify the role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in peritonitis during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). I investigated the active oxygen generation and intracellular ATP content of PMNs in dialysate fluids. PMNs, prepared from peripheral blood, were suspended in CAPD dialysates which had different pH and osmolality. PMNs were collected by centrifugation. These PMNs were stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in phosphatebuffered saline (PBS), and active oxygen generation of PMNs were measured by chemiluminescence method. Intracellular ATP content of PMNs was measured by luciferin-luciferase dependent chemiluminescence method. Active oxygen generation and intracellular ATP content of PMNs were kept within only a few minutes in CAPD dialysate with pH 5.1. But, they were kept over one hour in CAPD dialysate with pH 7.4. Active oxygen generation of PMNs were kept in 1.5% CAPD dialysate (356 mOsm/1) better than 4.25% CAPD dialysate (499 mOsm/1). These results suggest the advantage of neutralized CAPD dialysate in peritonitis during CAPD.
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  • Mitsuru KONISHI, Masayoshi SAWAKI, Keiichi MIKASA, Masahiro SAKAMOTO, ...
    1993 Volume 67 Issue 5 Pages 452-458
    Published: May 20, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Eighty-two episodes (77 cases) in which any pathogens were isolated from transtracheal aspiration (TTA) and which satisfied the new clinical criteria of acute bacterial bronchitis were clinically evaluated.
    Major pathogens isolated from TTA included H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and B. catarrhalis. Fever developed in 91.5% of the patients. Sputum volume averaged 16.3±14.9ml per day. All the patients suffered from coughs, which were so severe as to disturb sleep in 8.5% of the patients. Inflammatory indices included WBC 9738.0±3158.5/μl, CRP 10.1±7.9mg/dl and ESR 69.0±38.8 mm/hr on average, PaO2 fell in most cases.
    Compared to the group of patients with acute bacterial bronchitis from which a single pathogen was isolated, the numbers of elderly patients and smokers were significantly more in the group of multiple pathogens isolated from TTA.
    Prior episodes related to the development of acute bacterial bronchitis were upper respiratory inflammation in 46.3% and undergoing bronchoscopy in 4.9% of the patients. Antibiotics therapy cured acute bacterial bronchitis in 96.3% of the patients. In spite of treatment, 3 patients developed pneumonia and died.
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  • Kouichi SANO, Tomohiko TAKASAKI, Atsushi FUKUI, Yan JIANG, Takeshi URA ...
    1993 Volume 67 Issue 5 Pages 459-465
    Published: May 20, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    It is important to prevent unexpected laboratory infections in a biosafety area. It, is recommended that extreme caution should be used when handling needles and syringes to avoid autoinoculation, and that needles and syringes should be used only when there is no alternative. To remove cells and cell debris, a disk-type microfilter unit, which is recommended using a needle, has been used for filtrating supernatant from HIV-1-infected cell cultures. We compared a stick-type microfilter unit, which can be used without a needle, with a disk-type one for their safety and recovery of human immunodeficiency virus particle after filtration. To confirm the right of our comparison, we observed the filter electron microscopically for the virus particles and virus suspensions were carried out and discussed. In conclusion, the stick-type filter should be improved, since the filter unit is inferior to the disk-type filter unit in purification of the virus, but for the safety is superior to the disk-type.
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  • Kazumi OKAMOTO, Atsushi ASHIMOTO, Yoshinori TANAKA, Takeshi HAMADA
    1993 Volume 67 Issue 5 Pages 466-472
    Published: May 20, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Standard strains and clinically isolated strains of Candida albicans were tested for their virulence for mice. Lethal effects of yeast forms of clinical isolates were stronger than those of germ tube-forming cells in all except one strain. The germ tube of C. albicans JCM1542 killed mice earlier than the yeast form. Proteinase activity of the clinically isolated strains from patients with dental caries and xerostomia was negatively correlated with median survival time (MST) of mice which were injected with 1×106 yeast form cells. The yeast forms of the standard strains had a weak lethal effect on mice compared with their proteinase activity and the yeast forms of the clinical isolates from patients with acute pseudomembranous candidiasis and denture stomatitis had a highly lethal effect with relatively low proteinase activity. These results indicate that the virulence of C. albicans in partially due to proteinase activity.
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  • Hiroshi IGARASHI
    1993 Volume 67 Issue 5 Pages 473-481
    Published: May 20, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We investigated the activated oxygen generations by leukocytes in the presence of cisplatinum, an antitumor agent, in order to elucidate the influence of cisplatinum on leukocytes function in vitro and in vivo
    In the in vitro study, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and monocytes were prepared from a normal volunteer. After stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or opsonized zymosan, activated oxigen generations by PMNs or monocytes were measured by means of chemiluminescence method in the presence or absence of cisplatinum. The concentrations of cisplatinum were adjusted at 0.5, 5.0 and 50μg/ml, and the medium pH also varied at that time. Activated oxygen generations by PMNs and monocytes were reduced significantly in the platinum concentration dependent manner in the pH range from 6.0 to 6.5. On the other hand, in the pH range from 8.3 to 8.8, the activated oxigen generations were not affected by eisplatinum at all.
    In the in vivo study, we administered 1.25mg of cisplatinum to male wistar rats intravenously, and prepared whole blood at 4, 12 and 24 hours after administration of cisplatinum. And activated oxigen generations by whole blood were measured in the same manner. The numbers of leukocytes were also counted at the same time. As compared to the control group without administration of cisplatinum, no significant difference was observed in the leukocytes counts at 12 and 24 hours after the administration. However, the activated oxigen generations by whole blood were reduced in the cisplatinum-administration group.
    These results indicate that the bactericidal activities of leukocytes were immediately reduced before bone marrow suppression by cisplatinum, and the prevention of acidosis in the patients receiving cisplatinum might be important in order to keep the bactericidal activities of leukocytes.
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  • Mitsuru KONISHI, Hideo KANDA, Masayoshi SAWAKI, Keiichi MIKASA, Masahi ...
    1993 Volume 67 Issue 5 Pages 482-486
    Published: May 20, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A healthy-looking 44-year-old female was admitted to our hospital complaining of fever and hemosputum. The chest roentgenogram on admission showed patchy infiltrates of the segment 3 and 8 of the right lung. Laboratory studies showed a leukocyte count of 9700/μ l, erythrocytes sedimentation rate of 55mm/hour and C reactive protein of 8.7 mg/dl. The arterial Po2 was 71.9 torr while the patient was breasthing room air. Transtracheal aspiration was performed on admission, and stains and culture for bacteria, acid fast bacilli, fungi and mycoplasma were negative. Respiratory syncytial virus was isolated from transtracheal aspirates. The RSV complement fixing antibody titers rose from 1: 40 to 1: 16. She became afebrile on the fourth day after admission and her chest roentgenogram improved gradually.
    RSV infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of atypical adult pneumonias.
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  • Hirosuke MATSUO, Tsunehisa ISHIBASHI, Chotarou ARAKI, Hiroyuki SAKAMAK ...
    1993 Volume 67 Issue 5 Pages 487-490
    Published: May 20, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Purple urine bag syndrome is a rare phenomenon in which bags turns purple or blue following catheterization. This phenomenon was reported to occur by Providencia stuartii in the presence of indicanuria.
    We reported herein three females above 75 years of age having a similar phenomenon. All were bedridden chronically and constipated. In these cases, no growth of P. stuartii was found on repeated urine culture, but Escherichia coli and Morganella morganii were concomitantly isolated during the blue bags. It is suggested that purple urine bag syndrome develops in a combination of E. coli and M. morganii besides P. stuartii.
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  • Yasumasa DOUTSU, Haruko TANIGUCHI, Junichi ASHITANI, Toshihiko IHI, Ak ...
    1993 Volume 67 Issue 5 Pages 491-495
    Published: May 20, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A 41-year-old male visited our clinic complaining of cough and dirty hemosputum. Roentgenogram and CT scan of the chest revealed a cavitary nodule in the S1+2 of the left lung. After administration of antibiotics (CFIX, ASPC, FMOX, CLDM), the cavities were disappeared but the size of the nodule remained unchanged. Because the possibility of lung cancer could not be excluded, we underwent transbronchial brushing and bronchial lavage. Then, parasitic ova of Paragonimus westermani was detected in BALF, and an Ouchterlony's double diffusion test showed strong reaction against Paragonimus westermani antigen. The patient was successfully treated with praziquantel. Efficacy of the treatment was confirmed by a remarkable decrease of antibody titer measured by microplate-EIA.
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  • Shiro TOKISAWA, Yoichro ICHIKAWA, Takeharu KOGA, Yuichi OSHITA, Hirosh ...
    1993 Volume 67 Issue 5 Pages 496-499
    Published: May 20, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We experienced a 39-year-old male who developed neurological complication during a course of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. The diagnosis of M. pneumoniae pneumonia was made on the basis of elevation of specific antibody (CF) titer in convalescent serum. Electroencephalogram showed diffuse damage in the brain, but no other abnormalities were not found on brain CT-scan and MRI. In the cerebrospinal fluid, the number of cells did not increase and the M. pneumoniae CF titer was not elevated. From these results, we concluded that encephalopathy in this patient was raised by an allergic reaction of the brain tissue to M. pneumoniae antigen. Until now, encephalitis or meningoencephalitis accompanied with M. pneumoniae infection has been reported by many investigators, but reports on encephalopathy due to M. pneumoniae are few. Therefore, we reported herein a case of encephalopathy following Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with several references.
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  • Hiroshi SAKATA, Tokitsugi HAYASHI, Yoshiki HIRANO, Shizuo MARUYAMA, Mi ...
    1993 Volume 67 Issue 5 Pages 500-504
    Published: May 20, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A 5 years old girl is described with infection due to Mycoplasma genitalium causing brain stem encephalitis. The diagnosis was established by polymerase chain reaction assay of the cerebrospinal fluid which demonstrated DNA of Mycoplasma genitalium. She was somnolent, had left abducens nerve palsy, and aphasis. The T2 weighted scan showed high signal intensity of pontine in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the central nervous system. She recovered and was discharged without any sequelae.
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  • A Comparative Study of Strains from Staff and Patient
    Hitoshi NAGARE, Yuko KITANO, Keigo NOBUKUNI, Shin KAWAHARA
    1993 Volume 67 Issue 5 Pages 505-506
    Published: May 20, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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