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Volume 67, Issue 7
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Hiroshi SHIBATA, Keiko YAMASHITA, Norimitsu OTSUKA, Shohei KAGAWA, Aki ...1993 Volume 67 Issue 7 Pages 609-614
Published: July 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA technique of nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hydridization with non-radioactive probes was developed for the detection and identification of HBV DNA and HBs-subtypes in very small volumes of human sera. Four oligonucleotide primers (20 mer) complementary to DNA sequences in the S region of HBV and probes (18 or 20 mer) conjugated to alkaline phosphatase were used for the present PCR assay. The results of the PCR assay coincide with those of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in 14 HBe-positive and 59 HBe-negative samples with 98.6% of specificity. The HBV subtypes adr and adw were identified using an 18-mer DNA probe in 30 samples with an accuracy of 100%. Further, the DNA subtypes were clearly demonstrated in 3 samples where HBs-antigen was undetectable.
These results indicate that amplification of HBV DNAs by PCR and their detection with nonradioactive probes is a reliable tool for diagnosis of HBV infection in clinical laboratories.View full abstractDownload PDF (2329K) -
Tomotaka KAWAYAMA, Naoto TOKUNAGA, Toshinobu YOKOYAMA, Junichi HONDA, ...1993 Volume 67 Issue 7 Pages 615-621
Published: July 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom January to December 1991, 47 clinical cases in when methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains were isolate were investigated at our internal medicine ward.
The MRSA infection rate was 57.4%(27/47). The mortality due to MRSA bacteremia was 75.0%(9/12) and that due to MRSA pneumonia was 57.1%(4/7). We think that MRSA infections must be treated by multiple antibiotics.
At out institution, most of the patients were given a combination therapy of imipenem+fosfomycin or imipenemt + mynocycline. Although in vitro the MICs of imipenem did not show excellent activity against MRSA strains, in vivo these combination therapy including imipenem showed excellent activity aganst MRSA infections. We think that this result was due to the additive effect ect of the two drug combination.
We determined the MICs of single antibiotics against MRSA strains. Most of the MRSA strains were sensitive to minocycline and arbekacin. All MRSA strains were sensitive to vancomycin we think that vancomycin is a highly useful drug to combat MRSA infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (745K) -
Hisashi FUNADA, Toshihiko MACHI, Hiroshi YONEYAMA, Tamotsu MATSUDA, Hi ...1993 Volume 67 Issue 7 Pages 622-628
Published: July 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring a three-year period, Capnocytophaga sputigena bacteremia occurred in three patients with acute leukemia receiving induction therapy on a hematology ward. Oral pathology such as periodontitis or severe mucositis was considered to be the most likely source of bacteremia. All three blood culture isolates were identified as that species by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) homology studies. Because of the phenotypical similarity of Capnocytophaga species, it is difficult to differentiate them by conventional bacteriological methods. All three isolates were susceptible to antibiotics active against most anaerobes. However, production of & beta;-lactamase was found in two isolates, one of which proved resistant to both piperacillin and ceftazidime. Therefore, the empiric use of imipenem or clindamycin may be justified in febrile granulocytopenic patients with cancer who develop significant oral lesions.View full abstractDownload PDF (869K) -
Kazuji ARAI, Tetsunori MUTO, Mikiko YAMADA, Shumpei YOKOTA1993 Volume 67 Issue 7 Pages 629-634
Published: July 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProtease produced by Staphylococcus aureus precipitates digests of casein in standard methods caseinate agar (SMCA) plate, and the various sizes of A to E precipitation types were produced depending on strains of inoculated Staphylococcus aureus, as previously reported. To evaluate these phenomena for epidemiological use, we investigated the effects of bacterial passage, storage and dosage on zonal pattern and the size of precipitation rings. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was found to produce variable types and sizes of precipitation rings depending upon the inoculated strains. After 5, 30 and 50 passages in heart infusion broth (HIB), each of the strains randamly selected from MRSA strains showed that the precipitation pattern of A to E produced the same types and sizes of precipitation rings. The storage effects were assessed by comparing those strains in different storage time. The strain stored for 1 and 3 years at room temperature in HIB contained 0.8% agar produced the same pattern of precipitation rings as that of the freshly isolated one. Finally, the dosage of inoculated bacteria was examined. Overnight broth (HIB) cultures of MRSA were directly inoculated in SMCA plates, and were found to produce almostly the same size of precipitation rings (reproducible within 3 mm). These findings indicated that protease digestion on SMCA plate provides a rapid, sensitive, and specific assay that can supplement the currently available modalities for typing of MRSA strains.View full abstractDownload PDF (826K) -
Toshio GOTO, Junichi MISUMI, Akira SHIMAOKA, Kazuo AOKI, Takato YASUI, ...1993 Volume 67 Issue 7 Pages 635-641
Published: July 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in a rural area with high incidence of chronic liver disease in Japan, sera from 412 inhabitants, aged 20-89 years, collected in 1989-1990 and sera from 483 inhabitants in the same area, collected in 1982 were tested for anti-HCV (antibody to C100-3) with the first-generation enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (ELISA). In addition, sera from 118 inhabitants, aged 20-49 years, collected in 1989-1990 were tested for HCV-RNA with the polymerase chain reaction technique, with use of primers from the 5'-untranslated region of the HCV genome.
Anti-HCV was positive in 175 out of 412 sera collected in 1989-1990 (42.5%): prevalence was higher in male (54.0%) than in female (34.9%). The prevalence rates in the 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and 70-89 year-old group were 0%, 14.3%, 51.9%, 41.7%, 49.1%, and 53.1%, respectively.
On the other hand, in sera collected in 1982, the overall prevalence of anti-HCV was 42.5%(175 of 412). The prevalence rates in the 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and 70-89 year-old group were 12.5%, 43.3%, 51.5%, 50.3%, 60.7%, and 68.9%, respectively. The prevalence rate of young adults less than 40 years old in 1982 were higher than that in 1989-1990. In short, the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in this area had altered a great deal.
HCV-RAN was detected in 42 of 118 (35.6%). Prevalence rates in the 20-29, 30-39, and 40-49 year-old group were 20.0%, 18.4%, and 55.6%, respectively.
Our results indicate that young adults less than 40 years old in this area would get rid of a risk for hepatitis C infection, although this area is hyperendemic region of HCV.View full abstractDownload PDF (975K) -
Naruhiko ISHIWADA, Tomomichi KUROSAKI, Tsuyoshi TOBA, Hiroo NIIMI1993 Volume 67 Issue 7 Pages 642-647
Published: July 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe etiology of acute pneumonia was studied in 596 pediatric inpatients at Chiba Municipal Kaihin Hospital between January 1990 and December 1991. A pathogen was identified in 389 (64.4%) episodes of pneumonia. Evidence of bacterial infection was present in 167 (28.8%) episodes, viralinfection in 178 (29.9%) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in 89 (14.9%). The major bacterial pathogens were H. influenzae 117 (19.6%), S. pneumoniae 51 (8.6%), M (B). catarrhalis 24 (4.0%). RS virus was the most common respiratory virus. The peak age of the patients was 7 months to 2 years old. For bacterial pneumonia, the highest rates occurred in infants. Mycoplasma pneumonia produced the highest rates in school-age children. Mycoplasma pneumonia was prevalent at two distinct times, the first emerging in the spring of 1990 and emerging again in the autumn of 1991. RS virus and influenza virus epidemics occur during the winter. Most of the parainfluenza virus have been observed during the early summer season.View full abstractDownload PDF (721K) -
Keiichi MIKASA, Eiji KITA, Masayoshi SAWAKI, Mitsuru KONISHI, Kouichi ...1993 Volume 67 Issue 7 Pages 648-653
Published: July 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied the effect of erythromycin (EM) on the attachement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Neisseria gonorrhoeae to HeLa and HT-177 cell and on cytotoxin production of P. aeruginosa. 1. EM inhibited attachment of these bacteria. 2. EM inhibited manifestation of the pili of these bacteria. 3. EM inhibited production of protein II, the second attachment factor of N. gonorrhoeae. 4. EM inhibited production of 66 K cytotoxin of P. aeruginosa.
On the basis of these findings, it was suggested that EM might inhibit infection by repressing manifestation of the attachment factor and production of cytotoxin of the bacteria.View full abstractDownload PDF (4083K) -
Hiroshige MIKAMO, Koji IZUMI, Kunihiko ITO, Kunitomo WATANABE, Kazue U ...1993 Volume 67 Issue 7 Pages 654-658
Published: July 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPatients with diabetes frequently suffer from various postoperative complications, especially infection. Diabetic patients also have a high incidence of uterine endometrial cancer. The nature of the intrauterine bacterial flora may be related to both infection and carcinogenesis. Therefore, identification of the intrauterine bacterial flora in diabetic patients may be useful.
Bacteria were detected in the uterine endometrial cavity of 100% of ten diabetic patients with myoma uteri. However, among 20 non-diabetic control patients with myoma uteri, only three 15% harbored bacteria.
Members of the Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Enterobacter cloacae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) were the predominant bacteria.
We speculate that bacterial products contribute to carcinogenesis, as has been proposed for colon carcinoma. Antimicrobial agents active against Enterobacteriaceae should be used to prevent postoperative infections in gynecologic procedures in diabetic patientsView full abstractDownload PDF (599K) -
Taiji NISHIMURA, Yasunori TERASHIMA, Jun WATANABE, Kenji AMAGAI, Mitsu ...1993 Volume 67 Issue 7 Pages 659-664
Published: July 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous study in this series of studies concerning the role of macrophages in urinary tract infection, we attempted to detect macrophages in the urine of acute bacterial cystitis patients by nonspecific esterase staining of urinary sediment, however none of the leukocytes stained, probably because of cell damage caused by the urine and by centrifugation. In the present study, detection of macrophages in urine was again attempted, this time by prompt transfer of urinary leukocytes to culture medium after minimum centrifugation, 1 hr culture in a glass bottom chamber and non-specific staining of leukocytes adhering to glass. Macrophages in urine were detected by this method, and they comprised 5.9% of the adherent leukocytes, although macrophage spreading, which implies macrophage activation and is often seen in the early stage of nonbacterial prostatitis, was hardly ever observed.
The percentages of adherent leukocytes were not correlated with urine osmolarity, probably because the effect of urine was minimized by prompt transfer of urinary leukocytes to culture medium after the urine samples had been collected. There have been quite few studies involving culture of urinary leukocytes in the past. Our simple techniques, such as prompt transfer of urinary leukocytes to culture medium after centrifuging with minimum gravity and for a minimum period of time, appear to be useful in the study of urinary leukocytes using other cells which appear in urinary tract infection, as well as cytokines and antibiotics, to clarify cellular mechanisms of defense in urinary tract infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (6414K) -
The Mechanism of Lower Respiratory Tract InfectionYoshihiko TANO, Junichi NAKAMURA, Toshiharu MATSUSHIMA, Jun TANABE, Ma ...1993 Volume 67 Issue 7 Pages 665-672
Published: July 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo evaluate the mechanism of lower respiratory tract infection in the hospital, gastric juice, throat secretions, secretions in tracheal cannulae or tubes and aspirated sputum were cultured simultaneously in seven patients with tracheostomy and seven patients with tracheal intubation. Thirty-six strains of bacteria were isolated from gastric juice and only 22.2% of them were the same bacteria as those in the throat secretions. This suggested that there was little correlation between gastric and oropharyngeal flora. The bacteria isolated from throat secretions and aspirated sputum howed 38.5% coincidence in tracheostomized patients and 80% coincidence in intubated patients. In addition, the rate of agreement was 33.3% in tracheostomized patients and 88.9% in intubated patients between throat secretions and tracheal cannulae or tubes. These findings suggested that the correlation of bacterial flora between the upper and lower respiratory tracts was high in intubated patients and low in tracheostomized patients. Identical bacteria in the stomach and the upper and lower respiratory tracts (which may cause nosocomial infection) were isolated in only four of the 14 patients.
It has been suggested that bacterial flora in the lower respiratory tract are transmitted from the stomach to the oropharynx and then cause lower respiratory tract infection in hospital. However, our study suggested that this was not a common pathogenic mechanism.View full abstractDownload PDF (1056K) -
Masataka SASADA, Hiroyoshi SAWADA, Kouichi YAMAMOTO, Masarou TASHIMA, ...1993 Volume 67 Issue 7 Pages 673-679
Published: July 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn assessment has been made regarding usefulness of measuring β-D-glucan (β-glucan) as fungal serodiagnosis in 50 cases of fungal infection with hematological diseases. Further, an assessment has been made regarding relation between hematological findings and therapeutic effect by administering miconazole, an antifungal agent MCZ: Florid®, clinically to the subjects. Positivity of β-glucan (βglucan10 pg/ml) was observed in 54.5%(24/44), and the effective rate of MCZ in the positive cases was 75.0%(18/24). In the cases in whom fungus was detected, f3-glucan-positive rate was 50.0%(8/16), and MCZ-effective rate in β-glucan-positive cases was 62.5%(5/8).
The total effective rate of MCZ was 80%(40/50). Side effects were observed in 3 cases, but continual administration of MCZ was possible in all of the 3 cases. By the assessment regarding the relation between hematological findings and therapeutic effect of MCZ, it was found that the effective rates in the cases who underwent a transition with neutrophil and lymphocyte counts less than 500/pl during the period of MCZ administration were 64.7%(11/17) and 50%(5/10), respectively, and large effects were observed in the cases who underwent a transition with the neutrophil and lymphocyte counts more than 500/μl was 86.7%(19/22) and 91.7%(22/24), respectively. These results suggested that lymphocytes rather than neutrophils had an important role in the morbidity of fungal infection.
It was noteworthy that MCZ was effective for the treatment of deep seeted mycosis and significant effective rate was obtained in the group of patients who had neutrophils and lymphocytes less than 500/μl.View full abstractDownload PDF (845K) -
Atsushi NAKAMURA, Yasuo YAMADA, Takayasu HATTORI, Yasuhiro KOJIMA, Tos ...1993 Volume 67 Issue 7 Pages 680-685
Published: July 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA case is reported here of brain abscess due to Streptococcus sanguis in association with multiple pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas. A 19-year-old male who had been diagnosed in 1988 as pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas was admitted to our hospital for repeated epistaxis, headache, and vomiting. A brain abscess which was diagnosed using various roentogenologic examinations, worsened despite conservative therapy. Additional surgical drainage was performed; S. sanguis was isolated from the drainage fluid. After drainage, clinical symptoms gradually improved with no subsequent neurological dificits.
We have formulated the following hypothesis regarding the mechanism of abscess formation in this case: S. sanguis invaded from a ruptured nasomucosal vein, forming a septic emboli in the blood flow, which passed through a pulmonary arteriovenous shunt and led to the formation of a brain abscess which established a metastatic presence in the cerebral tissue.View full abstractDownload PDF (6089K)
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