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Volume 68, Issue 6
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Yasuko FUJITA, Hisashi YAMADA, Kazuko ARAKI, Masaaki KOBAYASHI, Tsuyos ...1994 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 723-727
Published: June 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGroup C rotavirus was detected in stools of four patients from February to April, 1993. Of these patients, three wereinfants who were attendants of the day care center of the hospital. Although the route of viral infection has not been determined, the virus might have been spread within the center.
Because the clinical symptoms of acute gastroenteritis caused by group C rotavirus were vomiting, serious anorexia and subsequent difficulty of oral intake of food, patients often required fluid administration therapy at the outpatient clinic. The symptoms continued 1 to 2 days. Diarrhea occurred 1.7 times daily for 1.2 days. Watery stool was found in 3 cases of patients, but no whitish stool was discovered. Vomiting developed 2.2 times daily for 1.2 days. These symptoms were less severe than those of gastroenteritis by group A rotaviral infection. The electrophoretic RNA pattern of group C rotavirus detected in the four cases were the same. However it was different from that of the virus strains previously isolated.View full abstractDownload PDF (2595K) -
Junko MIYAMOTO, Hironobu KOGA, Shigeru KOHNO, Kazushige TAIRA, Kazunor ...1994 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 728-733
Published: June 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNineteen episodes (18 patients) of obstructive pneumonia occurring in 247 patients with lung cancer were clinically examined, and the following findings were obtained.
1) All 18 patients were male smokers, with an average of 64 years.
2) Body temperatures stood above 37C in 95% of the 19 episodes. Leukocytosis was detected in 41%, and neutorophilia was observed in 69%. CRP values were positive in all episodes.
3) The frequency of obstructive pneumonia according to the site of lung cancer was 13.2% in proximal tumors and 1.7% in peripheral tumors. Pathologically, the frequency was 5.2% in adenocarcinomas 7.6% in squamous cell carcinomas, 15.6% in small cell carcinomas and 9.1% in large cell carcinomas. Squamous cell carcinomas even in Stage I led to obstructive pneumonia at the rate of 13.0%. In contrast, higher frequency was observed in adenocarcinomas in Stage II or later and small cell carcinomas in Stage IIIB or later.
4) Obstructive pneumonia was detected at the time of discovery of lung cancer in 48% of the 18 patients, and during treatment and in the terminal stage in 26% respectively.
5) Chest X-ray examinations showed that 42% of the pneumonia cases were lobar pneumonia and 11% had pleural effusion.
6) In expectorated sputum, 50% of bacteria isolated were gram-negative, 10% were gram-positive and 40% were unknown.
7) Most of the bacteria isolated from expectorated sputum showed a good susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, but those proved clinically ineffective.
8) The prognosis of obstructive pneumonia was significantly affected by performance status and levels of total protein and choline-esterase.View full abstractDownload PDF (775K) -
Yasutomo ARASHIMA, Kazunari KUMASAKA, Kinya KAWANO, Tadao IKEDA, Tetsu ...1994 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 734-739
Published: June 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBetween October, 1992 and March, 1993, the incidence of bite or scratch by the cat, was surveyed by questionnaire in 1, 619 peoples who were veterinarians, veterinary technicians, students and the general population (male 652, female 967).
The wound rate by cat: Veterinarians, veterinary technicians, students of veterinary college, students of veterinary technician school were significantly higher than the general population.
Incidence of bite or scratch in the cat owner were significantly higher than the non cat owner, and the incidence of wounds in cat owners was more than 90%. Most injuries for veterinarians were of the occupational nature. Their injuries clearly differed from those of the other groups.
In our survey 33 cases were suspected to have CSD; 19 of 102 veterinarians, 4 of 45 veterinary technicians, 2 of 517 students of veterinary college, 1 of 400 students of veterinary technicians, 7 of 555 in the general population.
Of the seven cases suspected for CSD among the general population, four were proven to have cat-scratches, suggesting that injuries can be prevented by clipping the cat's nails at home. However, most of the injuries suffered by veterinarians are caused by bites, prevention poses a more serious problem. It is therefore important to educate people in all fields to fully understand sanitation and zoonosis including CSD, and teach them to handle their pets appropriately.View full abstractDownload PDF (606K) -
Hiroshi SAKATA, Yoshiki HIRANO, Shizuo MARUYAMA1994 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 740-743
Published: June 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBetween 1992 and 1993, 2313 nasopharyngeal swabs were taken and cultured from 1665 patients on admission to a pediatric ward at Asahikawa Kosei Hospital. Twenty nine strains of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were isolated from 28 patients. The ages of these patients ranged from 2 months to 9 years and 14 patients were younger than 1 year. Their underlying diseases were bronchial asthma in 9 patients, prematurely born infants with chronic lung disease in 4. Fourteen patients had a history of admission during the past 6 months. No patient had infectious diseases due to MRSA.View full abstractDownload PDF (473K) -
Tadayuki OKITSU, Hirotoshi MOROZUMI, Toshiyuki MURASE, Rieko SUZUKI, A ...1994 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 744-750
Published: June 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSurvival of five strains of Vibrio cholerae, including serotypes O139 Synonym Bengal, O1 El Tor, and non-O1 were compared in water from a river. These bacteria were mixed with water from a river and the water filtrated through 0.45μm millipore filters, respectively, to yield a concentration of 106 CFU/ml and incubated at 5°C and 20°C for 21 days. The survival curve of V. cholerae O139 was almost the same with V. cholerae 01 and non-O1. The number of these bacilli decreased to less than 102 CFU/ml at 7 days of the incubation at 20°C. When incubated at 5°C, however, these bacilli survived much longer and the number decreased to the same value after 14 days. Therefore, these results indicated that the temparature during the incubation greatly affects the survival of V. cholerae. On the other hand, when the water was filtrated and used for the experiment, V. cholerae survived longer than in the polluted water. From these observations, if the river is polluted with V. cholerae O139 in the future, it is suggested that the distribution of V. cholerae 0139 in the river may be the same as the present condition with V. cholerae O1 and non-O1.View full abstractDownload PDF (843K) -
Tomohiko ISHIMINE, Atsushi NAKAMOTO, Futoshi HIGA, Michio KOIDE, Jun I ...1994 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 751-758
Published: June 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in the detection of Pneumocystis carinii, and compared its clinical usefulness with that of a previous method, toluidin blue-O (TBO) staining in diangosis of P. carinii pneumonia (PCP) using clinical samples such as sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).
Using P. carinii obtained from BALF of the infected rats, we showed that PCR showed 100 fold more sensitivity than TBO staining as indicated by the comparison of their detection limits (78 cysts/ml vs 7800 cysts/ml). In addition, the detection using PCR in this study was specific for P.
carinii because all other pathogens examined were not positive.
In the clinical study we analyzed 44 patients including 10 with definite PCP, 8 with porbable PCP and 26 with other diagnosis. In the sputum, the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 95%, respectively, in PCR, while 13% and 100% in TBO staining.
These results revealed that PCR was much sperior to TBO staining in sensitivity especially when the sputum was used as samples, and suggested that examination of the sputum by PCR was clinically very useful in early diagnosis of P. carinii peumonia.View full abstractDownload PDF (3752K) -
Tadasu TAKENAKA1994 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 759-766
Published: June 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo analyze the bio-activity of the bacterial bioflim, the ATP content of the biofilm was assayed using the ATP bioluminescence assay. A linear relationship between the ATP content and the number of the planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells was observed. An in vitro experiment was set up using a modified Robbins device (MRD). A biofilm of P. aeruginosa was developed on the silicon discs of this device by recirculating artificial urine medium through the MRD. The activity of the biofilm, assayed by ATP luminescence, increased rapidly during the first 4 hrs of circulation, and essentially remained unchanged for 32 hrs during medium circulation. After the biofilm developed, the medium was exchanged to the new artificial urine with piperacillin or clarythromycin or ofloxacin and circulated for 8 hrs. The biofilm changed its bio-activity by the antibiotics, and the change could be detected by measuring the ATP content. These changes of ATP content studied were corelated well with the findings detected by scanning electron microscopy.
Finally, ATP measurement of the bacterial biofilm was useful in analyzing the bio-activity of bacterial biofilm.View full abstractDownload PDF (4831K) -
Differences of Clinical Effects by the Treatment ScheduleHiroshi TAKAHASHI, Hiroaki KUSANAGI, Shozo NAKAZAWA1994 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 767-774
Published: June 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe combination therapy of immunogloblin preparations and antibiotics was carried out against the severe infections post neurosurgical operation to compare the difference of clinical efficacy between the two dosage schedules: the simultaneous combination therapy (Group A) and the nonsimultaneous combination therapy (Group B).
The common parameters for infections, body temperature, CRP and WBC monitored for their decrease rates over time course. As a result, significantly (p<0.05) more rapid decreases of the body temperature, CRP and WBC were noted in Group A compared to Group B. Furthermore, the duration of treatment for Group A was shorter than that for Group B.
Based on the result, it is suggested that the immunogloblin preparations, simultaneously combined with the antibiotics, exert far more potent efficacy against the severe infections and shorten the treatment period, which may lead to reduction of medical costs as well as improvement of prognosis and QOL (quality of life) of the patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (751K) -
Hiroshi KAWADA, Shuji YONEKURA, Akira MASUMOTO, Yoshiaki OGAWA, Ryuki ...1994 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 775-783
Published: June 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe efficacy and safety of a newly developed miconazole preparation (MJR-1761) for intravenous drip infusion were evaluated in 22 patients with hematological diseases complicated by documented or suspected deep-seated fungal infections. They consisted of 15 patients with fungemia, 2 patients with pulmonary mycosis, and 5 patients with mycosis of the digestive tract. Of the 5 patients, 3 had a complication of fungemia and 1 a complication of urinary tract mycosis. Of the 22 patients, 21 were clinically evaluable. All the patients were included in safety evaluation. The effective rate was 86%(18/21) when moderately improved or better evaluations were included, and the usefulness rate was 81%(17/21) when moderately or more useful evaluations were taken into consideration. Side effects occurred in 4 patients, and abnormal laboratory values were obtained in 4 patients. All these changes, which were previously reported, improved after the discontinuation of the treatment. The results presented indicate that the miconazole intravenous drip infusion solution used in this study is as effective as conventional similar preparations. Since the infusion solution need not be diluted immediately before use, it is simple to use, and its safety may be highly rated. The purpose can be met with less volume of solution per use than before because the preparation contains as much as 200 mg of miconazole in 75 ml of solution. This preparation seems to lend itself better to clinical application than conventional similar infusion solutions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1030K) -
Shinichiro YAMAMOTO, Yoshihito NIKI, Rinzo SOEJIMA1994 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 784-787
Published: June 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe patient was a 25-year-old male doctor, who had pricked his finger with a needle contaminated with blood from a 69-year-old male patient with liver cirrhosis (HCV-Ab positive, genotype II).He was informed from the blood bank that his blood was positive for and-HCV and his GPT being 148 IU/l on the 65th day after exposure.He was admitted on February 16, 1993 and received a liver biopsy, which was consistent with acute viral hepatitis.His genotype was the same (type II) with the donor patient. IFN-α-2b of total doses of 656 Megaunits resolved the hepatitis completely and the HCV-RNA became negative as early as two weeks after starting IFN therapy.Liver biopsy after IFN therapy showed convalescence of acute hepatitis.The progression of acute hepatitis C to chronicity could be prevented by interferon therapy even in unfortunate cases of HCV transmission by needlestick.In conclusion, accidental needlestick should be followed for at least six months, and serum GPT and secondgeneration anti-HCV ELISA tests are recommended for all infected personnel.View full abstractDownload PDF (1977K) -
Yoshihito NIKI, Koji HASHIGUCHI, Sadao TAMADA, Kohichiro YOSHIDA, Sato ...1994 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 788-791
Published: June 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have experienced a case with A. niger aspergilloma who developed Aspergillus pneumonia after bacterial pulmonary infection.Examinations of sputum cytology and detection of serum Aspergillus antigen were useful for an early diagnosis of his condition.Early and intensive antifungal chemotherapy mainly with intravenous amphotericin B brought about his complete remission.View full abstractDownload PDF (5173K) -
Yasushi SHIBATA, Akio KIMURA, Mayumi FUKUYAMA, Hideo IGARASHI1994 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 792-793
Published: June 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (174K) -
Hitoshi NAGARE, Yuko KITANO, Shin KAWAHARA1994 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 794-795
Published: June 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (240K) -
Shin KAWAHARA, Hitoshi NAGARE, Yuko KITANO1994 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 796-797
Published: June 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (242K)
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