All issues
Volume 69, Issue 4
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Yasutaka YAMASHITA, Masashi HATTORI, Mitsuaki OSETO, Masatoshi MORI, H ...1995 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 377-382
Published: April 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEnteric adenoviruses (EAd), adenovirus (Ad) types 40 and 41, have been established as causative agents of gastroenteritis.
By electron microscopic (EM) survey of acute gastroenteritis in children in the Matsuyama area, Ad were detected in 275 of 6476 fecal samples obtained from 1980 to 1993. Two-hundredthirteen Ad-positive samples were tested for serotyping by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using three monoclonal antibodies, Ad group-specific, Ad 40 type-specific and Ad41 type-specific antibody. Of 199 samples serotyped by ELISA, 65 were identified as Ad40, 73 as Ad41, 1 as double infection with Ad40 and Ad41, and 60 as Non-EAd. About 70% of Adenovirus detected by EM were suggested to be EAd.
Other epidemiological feature was as follows: EAd were detected throughout the year. The predominant serotype was Ad40 during 1980-1985, while Ad41 were observed after 1986. EAd were detected most frequently from the children aged 0-3 years. The incidence of fever in EAd positive group was lower (30%) than that (67%) in the Non-EAd positive group. The incidence of vomiting, nausea and respiratry symptoms was higher in Ad41 associated infections than Ad40.View full abstractDownload PDF (688K) -
Makoto OGURA, Yoshihisa TSURUOKA1995 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 383-389
Published: April 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of steam on sandpit disinfection was investigated by supplying steam into sandpits covered with a sheet cover. To evaluate the effect, total number of viable bacteria, number of aerobic sporeforming bacteria, coliforms and fecal coliforms were measured four weeks before, just before, immediately after, two and four weeks after the disinfection. Disinfection of coliforms and fecal colifroms was accomplished when temperature of sand reached more than 60°C.
Total number of viable bacteria and number of aerobic sporeforming bacteria also reduced by disinfection with steam. However, after 2 and 4 weeks of disinfection, number of coliforms and fecal coliforms recovered to the same level before disinfection, and total viable count also restored its number. In addition, a significant increase in the number of aerobic sporeforming bacteria was noted both after 2 and 4 weeks of disinfection. These results indicate that the effect of steam disinfection is transient and can not be used for the routine method of disinfection in sandpit.View full abstractDownload PDF (687K) -
Hironori MASAKI, Hiroyuki YOSHIMINE, Hiroshi WATANABE, Shozaburo ONIZU ...1995 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 390-397
Published: April 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the early 1980's methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was repoted as a major pathogenic organism of geriatric hospital infection in Japan. At the same time in the A geriatric hospital MRSA infection was prevalent.
To decrease nosocomial infections some active preventive measures against hospital infection were taken since Oct. 1991.
About a year before introduction of prevention of hospital infection in the geriatric ward (190 beds) of A Hospital 193 episodes of nosocomial bacteremia were observed. However a year after introduction of preventive measures episodes of nosocomial bacteremia were decreased to less than a half (45.6%) in comparison to the number before introduction of prevention. As a causative organism gram-positive bacteria incluidng MRSA were markedly decreased. Major portals of entry of bacteremia (74.9%) were urinary-tract system, intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) catheter, and pressure sores. MRSA-positive pressure sores were decreased to 20.4% of those before prevention.
On the other hand 87 episodes of nosocomial pneumonia were observed before prevention. However a year after introduction of preventive measures episodes of nosocomial pneumonia were decreased to less than a half (44.8%) in comparison to the number before introduction of prevention. After prevention MRSA and mixed infection of P. aeruginosa and MRSA were markedly decreased. The decrease of bacteremia and nosocomial pneumonia were caused by cleaning hands, the preventive measures for decrease and improvement of pressure sores, cleaning the upper respiratory tract for prevention of lower respiratory-tract infection cleaning floors and education of the staff, etc.View full abstractDownload PDF (1316K) -
Hiroyuki FUJITA, Takayoshi SOGA, Jyunichi SUZUKI, Yoshiaki ISHIGATSUBO ...1995 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 398-403
Published: April 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo describe the clinico-pathological aspect of HIV/AIDS inpatients, we reviewed HIV/AIDS inpatients in our hospital since 1988. We evaluated risk factors, CD4 counts, CD4/8 ratio, cause of death and the survival time after diagnosis of AIDS.
A total of 13 HIV sero-positive subjects were admitted to our hospital, including 11 cases (85%) with AIDS. One patient was a foreigner. All cases were male; age range 18-70 years. Hemophiliacs and sexually transmitted patients account for 62% and 38% of cases, respectively. There were no cases of intravenous drug users. In all cases with AIDS, CD4 + cells and CD4/8 ratio significantly decreased with median value of 73/μm and 0.18, respectively.
Six cases (54%) were deceased and autopsy were done in four cases. Findings of autopsy revealed HIV encephalopathy and systemic various infeciton, including Pneurnocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus, papilloma virus and pox virus. Cytomegalovirus infection was found in all cases; one had innumerable inclusion bodies in lung, adrenal gland and intestines. The median survival time after diagnosis of AIDS were 26 months.View full abstractDownload PDF (2970K) -
Etsuko TAGAYA, Jun TAMAOKI, Hisashi TAKEMURA, Atsushi CHIYOTANI, Kimio ...1995 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 404-407
Published: April 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo elucidate whether the new quinolone ciprofloxacin affects cholinergic neuro-effector transmission in the airway, we studied canine isolated bronchial segments under isometric conditions in vitro. Intrapulmonary lobar or segmental bronchi were suspended in the organ chambers filled with Krebs-Henseleit solution, and the isometric tension was continuously recorded by a force-displacement transducer.Addition of ciprofloxacin (2 × 10-3 M) attenuated the contractile responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS), so that the stimulus frequency required to produce a half-maximal contraction (ES50) increased from 1.2 ± 0.2 to 1.5 ± 0.2 Hz (p<0.05), whereas it was without effect on those to exogenously administered acetylcholine.The decrease in the EFS-induced contraction produced by ciprofloxacin was concentration-dependent and was not influenced by propranolol or tetraethylammonium, but partially inhibited by ouabain.These results suggest that ciprofloxacin may inhibit cholinergic neuro-effector transmission in the airway smooth muscle by inhibiting the exocytotic release of acetylcholine, probably involving the stimulation of Na+-K+-ATPase and concomitant repolarization/hyperpolarization of cholinergic nerve terminals.View full abstractDownload PDF (557K) -
Masako TOBITA, Osamu URAYAMA, Shiro UESUGI1995 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 408-412
Published: April 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to see the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of coagulase gene of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the type of coagulase, a total of 118 strains of MRSA from 1986 to 1994 was collected from the Akita University Hospital, six hospitals in Akita Prefecture and a hospital in Aomori Prefecture. The RFLP analysis using the Alu I restriction enzyme brought us four kinds of electrophoretic patterns (A, B, C, D). Patterns A (87%) and B (13%) were detected in our hospital and only pattern A was detected in other hospitals in Akita. On the other hand, Patterns A (68%), B (26%), C (3%) and D (3%) were detected in Aomori. In coagulase type analysis, all strains in Akita showed type II, and the strains in Aomori also showed type II except for one strain (type IV). From the above results, the polymorphism of coagulase gene of MRSA can be useful as an epidemiological marker to examine the extent of MRSA infection in a prefecture unit or in a larger area.View full abstractDownload PDF (3895K) -
Yasuhiko SUZUKI, Chihiro KATSUKAWA, Kiyoshi INOUE, Yue Ping YIN, Hiron ...1995 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 413-419
Published: April 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Mycobacterium tuberculosis, involvement of alterations of the RNA polymerase & beta; subunit in resistance to rifampicin has been described by Telenti et al. To determine if the same correlation could be observed between the mutation of the rpo B gene and clinically isolated M. tuberculosis of the rifampicin-resistant phenotype in Japan, 47 strains of M. tuberculosis of the rifampicin-resistant phenotype, 17 of the rifampicin-susceptible phenotype, and 4 type strains were examined. A 411-base pair (bp) rpo B fragment was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and subjected to solid phase direct sequencing. By comparing the nucleotides, mutation involving 8 conserved amino acids were identified in 44 of the 47 (93.6%) rifampicin-resistant isolates, but in none of the 17 sensitive isolates and 4 type strains. All mutations found were clustered within a region of 23 amino acids. Thus, similar to the results reported by Telenti et al., substitution of a limited number of highly conserved amino acids encoded by the rpo B gene appears to be the molecular mechanism responsible for resistance to rifampicin in Japanese clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis. Our results suggest that direct DNA sequencing of the rbo B gene may be a reliable method for identifying rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis strains among Japanese clinical isolates.View full abstractDownload PDF (2576K) -
Ken-ichi AMANO, Tsunehisa SUTO, Fumihiko MAHARA1995 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 420-425
Published: April 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSera from 4 out of 19 patients with the Japanese spotted fever were negative to OX2 antigen of Weil-Felix (WF) test. These WF test negative sera were analyzed by ELISA and immunoblot used whole cells and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of rickettsiae and Proteus strains as antigens. These acute-phase sera have already possessed the IgG antibodies against LPS of Proteus OX2 strain, whereas IgM antibodies in these acute-and convalescent-phase sera did not react with this LPS. On the other hand, the reactivity of IgM antibodies of the convalescent-phase sera in the 2 patients with LPS of Proteus OX19 strain increased as compared with that of the acute-phase sera by ELISA, and these IgM antibodies also showed the reactivity with bands of OX19-LPS in the immunoblot. On the basis of these results, it is interpreted that the WF test negative sera from patients with Japanese spotted fever are due to the presence of IgG antibodies against OX2-LPS in the sera.View full abstractDownload PDF (3216K) -
Analysis of Anti-Chlamydia trachomatis Specific IgA in Expressed Prostate Secretion by Westernblotting MethodMikio KOROKU, Yoshiaki KUMAMOTO, Takaoki HIROSE1995 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 426-437
Published: April 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOpinion among researchers is divided as to whether Chlamydia trachomatis is the causative organism of chronic prostatitis. In this study, using enzyme immuno assay, we examined the positive rate of anti-C. trachomatis IgA according to the leukocyte count in expressed prostate secretion (EPS), in a total of 169 patients including 92 patients who showed chronic prostatitislike symptoms. And we confirmed, by westernblotting, the presence or absence of and-heat shock protein (HSP: 60 KDa) IgA in EPS, and we investigated the role of C. trachomatis in chronic prostatitis.
The total positive rate of anti-C. trachomatis IgA in EPS was 26.0%(44/169). According to the leukocyte count in EPS, the positive rate for the group with more than 10 WBC/hpf was 29.0%(20/69), for the group with 5-9 WBC/hpf was 37.9%(11/29), for the group with less than 5 WBC/hpf was 18.3%(13/71). Accordingly the positive rate of anti-C. trachomatis IgA in EPS was not higher in direct correlation to the severity of the inflammation at the infected site (p=0.09). But the positive rate for the group with more than 5 WBC/hpf was higher than for the group with less than 5 WBC/hpf. On the other hand, the total positive rate of and-HSP IgA in EPS was 17.6%(6/34), and according to the leukocyte count in EPS, the positive rate for the group with more than 10 WBC/hpf was 38.5%(5/13), for the group with 5-9 WBC/hpf was 0%(0/12). Accordingly the positive rate of and-HSP IgA in EPS was higher in direct correlation to the severity of the inflammation at the infected site (p=0.013).
From this results, it was suggested that C. trachomatis was concerned with 29.0%(20/69) of chronic prostatitis with more than 10 WBC/hpf, and also C. trachomatis is the causative organism of chronic prostatis.View full abstractDownload PDF (3370K) -
Takahiro TOKUDA, Yasuo ONO, Hajime NISHIYA, Masumi AOKI, Shunichi YAMA ...1995 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 438-443
Published: April 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn autopsy of rupture of Mucor cerebral aneurysm, not diagnosed during the patient's life, was experienced. A 63-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with the chief complaint of disturbance of consciousness and high fever. Her past histories were diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis and nasal sinusitis. The remarkable findings on admission were moderate inflammatory data, high blood sugar level in serum and ascites. Brain CT film revealed a non-enhanced low-density area in the frontal region. The cerebrospinal fluid shsowed bloody color and white blood cell counts were 3300/μl (mostly neutrophils). Under our suspected of bacterial encephalomeningitis, intravenous cefotaxime and ampicillin therapy was started immediately. Culturesof cerebrospinal fluid for bacteria were negative. The disturbance of her consciousness gradually improved under general treatment. However, her conscious level suddenly became a coma on the 6th hospital day and she died on the 9th hospital day. An autopsy revealed Mucor at the site of the rupture of the cerebral aneurysm.View full abstractDownload PDF (4188K) -
Ai SUZAKI, Mikio KIMURA, Satoshi KIMURA, Kaoru SHIMADA, Makoto MIYAJI, ...1995 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 444-449
Published: April 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHistoplasmosis is known to be endemic in variuous parts of the world, especially in North and Latin America. In Japan, Histoplasma capsulatum has rarely been isolated from the natural environment. To date, only seven cases of histoplasmosis have been reported in Japan including some that were contracted in foreign countries. Herein, we report the occurrence of acute histoplasmosis among Japanese travelers who were exposed to bat guano in a cave near Manaus, Brazil. A group of 8 Japanese travelers entered a cave for a total of 2 hours in March, 1993. All the visitors had been healthy and had no history of abnormal chest roentgenograms. From 10 to 20 days after the exposure, 7 (87.5%) of the 8 individuals developed abnormal symptoms including fever, malaise, loss of appetite, myalgia, arthralgia, chest pain and dry cough. Five (62.5%) had nodular infiltrative shadows with or without hilar lymphadenopathy in the chest roentgenograms. Eight (100%) of the individuals showed serologic evidence of histoplasmosis. Despite the small number of subjects, this high rate of infection may be related to the fact that the subjects stayed in an enclosed area where air exchange was minimal, at the end of a deep cave infested with numerous bats. The cave involved has never been documented as beign endemic for histoplasmosis. The threat of H. capsulatum infection in bat-inhabited caves should be emphasized to travelers and also to physicians.View full abstractDownload PDF (4965K) -
Naoyuki MIYASHITA, Takayuki KARINO, Yasuhiro NAGATOMO, Koichiro YOSHID ...1995 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 450-454
Published: April 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 45-year-old Japanese male, who had been to the Central African Republic, was admitted to our hospital because of high fever with chills on July 29, 1994. He used chloroquine as a malaria prophylaxis during his stay and for 6 weeks after his return to Japan. On admission, Plasmodium ovale was detected in his blood smears and in the DNA analysis. He was treated successfully with chloroquine (1500 mg over 3 day period) and primaquine (15 mg/day for 14 days beginning day 4). Disapperance of malarial parasites in the peripheral blood smear occurred on the third day and his temperature returned to normal on the 4th day.
Interestingly, he had thrombocytopenia and an abnormal grade in fibrindegradation products (FDP) concentration. This led to the suspicion of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). This report indicates the importance of thrombocytopenia which may develope into DIC even though P. ovale malaria infection rarely becomes severe. This is the second report of a P. ovale malaria case in the Central African Republic.View full abstractDownload PDF (2507K) -
Daisuke TANAKA, Yotaku GYOBU, Hirohide KODAMA1995 Volume 69 Issue 4 Pages 455-460
Published: April 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRestriction endonuclease (Sma I) digestion patterns of chromosomal DNAs from459 group B streptococci (GBS) isolated in two hospitals (C and S) in Toyama Prefecturewere analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results were summarized as follows. 1) One hundred thirty eight isolates of GBS serotype Ia, 174 of serotype III, 102 of serotype JM-9 and 45 of serotype NT-6 were further divided into 56, 41, 36 and 19 PFGE types, respectively. 2) Appreciable differences in the distribution of PFGE types were not observed between C and S hospital isolates, nor among specimens from which GBS strains were isolated. 3) Long-term inspection of 5 patients, from whom the same serotype strains were repeatedly isolated, revealed that some changes in PFGE types were observed in 2 patients, but not in the other 3.View full abstractDownload PDF (3075K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|