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Volume 70, Issue 3
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Jun YATSUYANAGI, Shioko SAITO, Yu KINOUCHI, Hiroyasu SATO, Morihiro MO ...1996 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 215-223
Published: March 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA water-borne outbreak occurred in A Town in Akita prefecture on March 1995. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains were isolated from 6 of 13 feces of patients with food poisoning disease and from 1 of 4 drinking water samples. In addition, E. coli strains harboring Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC) heat-stable enterotoxin-1 (EAST-1) gene were isolated from 5 of 13 patient's feces and i feces sample obtained from the septic tank. Both of the E. coli strains were isolated from the 3 patient's feces, suggesting that this outbreak was a mixed infectious case.
All of the ETEC strains possessed both heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) and EAST-1 genes and their serotype was 0148: H28. The EAST-1 gene was detected on a ca. 80 kb plasmid by a southern blot analysis using EAST-1 DNA probe in the 5 of 7 ETEC strains. The southern blot analysis suggested that the location of the EAST-1 gene was genome in the rest of the 2 ETEC strains. A southern blot analysis using ST DNA probe also suggested that the location of the ST gene was genome in all of the ETEC strains. On the other hand, all of the 6 E. coli strains harboring EAST-1 gene could not be serotyped with commercially available OH sera. The location of the EAST-1 gene in all of the isolates was suggested to be genome by the southern blot analysis. All of the isolates lacked aggA gene which has been demonstrated to be involved in expression of aggregative adherence phenotype in EAggEC, suggesting that the EAST-1 gene-harboring strains isolated in this case were distinct from EAggEC.
These results indicated that the EAST-1 gene was also harbored by E. coli strains distinct from EAggEC. In addition, a possibility was also suggested that the EAST-1 gene might be atransposon, as well as ST gene. Further study should be conducted in order to elucidate the significance of EAST-1 as a vilurence factor of diarrheagenic E. coli.View full abstractDownload PDF (7233K) -
Naoyuki MIYASHITA, Akira MATSUMOTO, Rinzo SOEJIMA, Yoshifumi KUBOTA, T ...1996 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 224-231
Published: March 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the utility of the direct immunofluoresecnet antibody test kit, IMAGEN® (DAKO Diagnostic Co., Ltd.). The stainability of inclusions and purified elementary bodies (EBs) of all the Chlamydia pneumoniae strains used in this study was highly specific. Immunoelectrom microscopy and light microscopy of stained EBs revealed the target antigen of IMAGEN® to be located on the surface of the EB outer membrane. In a clinical study, we tested oropharyngeal swab specimens obtained from 41 patients (45 specimens). The results were compared with those obtained by isolation in cell culture, the indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) assay and serum antibody titration. C. pneumoniae was isolated from six specimens (13.3%), and the organisms were detected in 11 specimens (24.4%) with IMAGEN® and nine specimens (20%) with IFA. A diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infection was made in six patients (13.3%) by the serological examination. Six specimens positive in isolation were positive in the IMAGEN® but there were three cases which seemed to be false-positive by the IMAGEN®. We conclude that the use of IMAGEN® is an easy, rapid and sensitive method for detecting C. pneumoniae when there is a large amount of chlamydial antigen in the clinical specimen and when identification of the chlamydial species forming inclusions in cell cultures is required.View full abstractDownload PDF (5870K) -
In Comparison of Three Commercially Available Test Kits and Micro-IFTeruko KOMODA, Hisaichi BANNAI, Toshiharu TEZUKA, Kaoru INOUE1996 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 232-238
Published: March 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe reexamined the assay conditions of immunoblotting (W-B) technique to detect antibodies (IgG and IgA) to C. trachomatis serovar L2. Partially purified Chlamydia (35% urograf in®) was used as the antigen. The marker bands of W-B for positive and/or negative are major outer membrane protein (MOMP) band and either one or more bands staining in 40-62 KDa area. We then compared the sensitivity and specificity of three commercially available test kits and micro-IF by using W-B as a standard. The kits compared were sero-IPALISA®-IgG-IgA, IPAzyme®-IgG-IgA and HITAZYME®-IgG-IgA, and micro-IF. Serum samples were collected from the outpatient departments of gynecology, urology, and internal medicine and pediatrics.
The results of agreement between W-B and test kits in IgG detection were as follows: in sero-IPALISA®, total agreement was 85.7%, positive agreement 83.3%, negative agreement 90.9% and in IPAzyme®: 85.7%, 83.3%, 90.9%, respectively and in HITAZYME®: 82.9%, 75%, 100%, respectively. These results are almost the same as micro-IF: 85.7%, 79.2%, 100%, respectively. These kits may have relatively high sensitivity and specificity in IgG antibody detection.
In IgA detection, The total agreement between W-B and sero-IPALISA® was 82.9%, positive agreement 100%, negative agreement 66.7%, in IPAzyme®: 77.1%, 58.8%, 94.4%, respectively and in HITAZYME®: 65.7%, 64.7%, 66.7%, respectively and in micro-IF: 82.9%, 70.6%, 94.9%, respectively. Although these agreements are not so high in IgA detection, the W-B technique gives fairly consistent results as well as those kits.
This indicates that W-B technique with MOMP and other protein bands (40-62 KDa) as marker for positive reaction is a useful method for detection of chlamydial antibodies.View full abstractDownload PDF (3550K) -
Kazuko ARAKI, Chang Hai TSAI, Kenko SATO, Yasuko FUJITA, Tatsuhiko SHI ...1996 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 239-246
Published: March 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBetween 1991 and 1994, serotypes and electropherotypes were determined for clinical specimens of group A human rotavirus (HRV) rotavirus collected from five different locations in the Asia, Saitama, Shizuoka, Taichung, Hong Kong, and Beijing. HRVs were detected through the year in Taichung and Hong Kong. The peaks of each rotavirus season were in January in Hong Kong, in March in Taichung, and in February and March in Saitama and Shizouka. We set one study year as that from July to next June.
Serotype G1 was the most prevalent strain in the five different settings. Most of serotype G3 strains were identified in the study year 1991. Serotype G2 was the most predominant in Shizuoka and Taichung in the year 1993. Electropherotypes indicated the possible G types except in six cases of an unusual variant type whereas the serotype was G2 and the electropherotype was the “long” type. Five of the 502 cases and three of the 622 cases were identified as group C HRV by PAGE in Saitama and Shizouka respectively. In 216 samples in Taichung, no group C HRV strain was detected.View full abstractDownload PDF (1007K) -
Hideaki TAKENAKA, Mitsuru KONISHI, Shoji TAKEUCHI, Koichi MAEDA, Keiic ...1996 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 247-250
Published: March 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 69-year-old male was admitted because of constipation and abdominal distension. A colon fiberscopic examination revealed the formation of ulceration. The trophozite of Entamoeba histolytica was detected from the specimens of colon mucosal biopsy of the ulcer. The stool was positive for the cysts of E. histolytica too. He had been in China and Southeast Asia during World War II. He returned home and experienced amoebic dysentry, and was treated with Emethin hydrochlolide. He suffered from amoebic disentry in 1970 and was treated with Emethine hydrochrolide again. After the War he had not gone abroad, and was not a homosexual. So this case was considered a latent infection of E. histolytica from the War. This time he was treated with metronidazol and minocycline. After the therapy, cysts were negative in the stool and the ulcer was cured on the colon fiberscopic examination.View full abstractDownload PDF (6369K) -
Mitsuo OBANA, Atsushi SUZUKI, Yasuo MATSUOKA, Shoichiro IRIMAJIRI1996 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 251-254
Published: March 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 67-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of watery diarrhea and pre-shock status at 10: 30 am on March 20, 1995. He had travelled to Bali Island in Indonesia from March 13 to March 18, 1995. On admission, his systolic blood pressure was 60 mmHg and body temperature was 35.2°. His skin was very dry. Laboratory tests showed that s-Cr was 6.3 mg/dl and CPK was 5620 IU/1. A massive fluid transfusion was given immediately and then his blood pressure rose to 158/92 about two hours after admission. Howerver, he developed a high gradefever and systemic cyanosis in the evening of the first hospital day and died at 0: 20 am on March21st. Salmonella Weltevreden was detected in the fecal and blood cultures obtained on admission.
We considered that his acute renal failure was attributable to rhabdomyolysis due to dehydration and that the cause of death was probably septic shock. The patient had a previous history of cholecystectomy ten years ago and also suffered from hypertension, but his general condition was not so bad before this episode. Therefore, we were surprised that his illness becameso severe.T
his case emphasizes that Salmonella enteritis may occasionally be a serious and lethal disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (493K) -
Hajime NISHIYA, Ryuichiro MAEDA, Etsuo HOSHINO, Yasuo ONO, Otohiko KUN ...1996 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 255-258
Published: March 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA forty-year-old female from Brazil was admitted to Teikyo Hospital because of easy fatigability, fullness of the abdomen and left hyochondralgia. She was anxious about Schistosoma mansoni infection, because three of her relatives died of the infection. Physical examinations revealed a tenderness at the left hypochondrium. Laboratory data showed no abnormal finding. No egg of S. mansoni was found in the stool.
A circumoval precipitin test (COPT) with the serum showed a deposite around the egg. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed the presence of antibody against S. mansoni in the serum. A colonoscopy showed no abnormal finding macroscopically. The rectal biopsy showed the existence of mild procitis. The diagnosis was made by finding the characteristic lateral-spined eggs in the biopsy specimens from the rectum. Treatment of 3 g of prazicantel per day for three days was started. She complained of mild nausea at the first dosing. A month later, another three-day-treatment was given. In the case where there are no eggs found in the stool, COPT and ELISA are usefull in detecting the disease, and colonoscopy is recommended in diagnosing the disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (5562K) -
Yoshimitsu HAYASHI, Go ITO1996 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 259-263
Published: March 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 44-year-old female with diabetic ketoacidosis was admitted due to right back pain and dyspnea. A chest roentgenogram showed accumulation of fluid in the right pleural space. A drain was inserted into the right thoracic cavity and pleural fluid yielded a putrid odor. Gemella morbillorum was diagnosed based on culture of the fluid. She was treated with clinidamycin and panipenem/betamipron intravenously and insertion of a drainage tube. The in vitro activity of CLDM and PAPM/BP against G. morbillorum were less than 0.025μg/ml and 0.05μg/ml, respectively. She was cured and discharged after 28 days of hospitalization, the portal of entry was thought to be connected with dental caries.View full abstractDownload PDF (5196K) -
Toshiyuki MASUZAWA, Yasutake YANAGIHARA, Hiroshi FUJITA1996 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 264-267
Published: March 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe report a case of Lyme borreliosis (Lyme disease) found in Shizuoka City, Japan which was suspected to be caused by Borrelia japonica infection. A 8-year-old female was bitten on her head by a tick at a camping ground, near Tamagawa, Shizuoka. The tick was removed by the patient and was discarded before species identification. After one week, lymph node swelling with tenderness developed on her left neck. She consulted a local pediatrician and was suspected to have upper respiratory infection. As oral antibiotic, cefaclor was not effective, the patient was referred to us. The patient's serum showed positive reaction with Lyme Borreliosis ELISA kit (Dakopatts, Denmark) using Borrelia burgdorferi flagellum as antigen. The serum also gave positive results with home-made ELISA to B. japonica strain IKA2, which was isolated from I. ovatus, but not with other borrelial strain isolated in the United States, Europe, and from I. persulcatus and wild rodent in Japan. In western blotting, the serum reacted with flagellin and outer surface protein A (OspA) of B. japonica. We diagnosed her as Lyme disease and got a successful result with oral penicillin, sultamicillin. From a result of our field tick survery, we have not collected I. persulcatus around the area where the patient had a tick bite. These findings indicated that Lyme disease was caused by B. japonica infection with I. ovatus bite.View full abstractDownload PDF (3169K) -
Naoyuki MIYASHITA, Khoji HASHIGUCHI, Masamitsu NAKAJIMA, Yoshihito NIK ...1996 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 268-272
Published: March 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 60-year-old male with type C chronic hepatitis was admitted to Kibikogen Rehabilitation Center with high fever, cough and general fatigue. Chest X-ray film on admission showed consolidation in the left middle and lower lung field. Initial treatment with intravenous ceftazidime, imipenem/cilastatin and clindamycin were ineffective due to continuous high fever and cough and spread of the pneumonia shadow. Administration of minocycline was started for suspected non-bacterial pneumonia whereupon his symptoms improved and the pneumonia shadow began to decrease in size. However, his symptoms and pneumonia shadow worsened after taking him off of minocycline due to progressive pancytopenia and liver dysfunction. He was transferred to our hospital and intravenous erythromycin treatment was initiated for suspected Legionell pneumonia because of the elevation of Legionella micdadei serum antibody titer. Immediately after starting treatment, his symptoms improved and the pneumonia shadow decreased in size. Erythromycin was stopped after the 14th day of administration. In this case, diagnosis of L. micdadei pneumonia was made because of the positive results of the polymerase chain reaction test and elevation of the L. micdadei serum antibody titer (from 0 to 1, 024). This is the second report of a L. micdadei pneumonia case here in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (5803K) -
Hirofumi SAKAEDA, Nobuki IINUMA, Hiroto SHIMA, Naoki KATO, Haru KATO, ...1996 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 273-277
Published: March 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNecrotizing fasciitis is a relatively rare but potentially fatal soft tissue infection. We report a case of invasive group A streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis. Patient was a 55-year-old healthy male who presented an expanding suppurative lesion over the left lower extremity within one day. Streptococcus pyogenes was a sole microorganism isolated from the infection site. The key to successful treatment in this case was suggested to be early diagnosis combined with aggressive debridement followed by open drainage and high dose administrations of piperacillin before complications such as liver dysfunction and renal failure became serious.View full abstractDownload PDF (5234K) -
Jun SUZUKI, Eiji YOSHIHARA, Hitoshi KINOSHITA, Yuki NAGAMINE, Sadao KO ...1996 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 278-282
Published: March 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe hemolysin produced by group B streptococci (GBH) has an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.8 and it shows a hemolytic activity in the absence of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). The hemolytic activities of GBH were compared to that of streptolysin 0 (SLO) and streptolysin S (SLS). These hemolysins differed with respect to the binding and release of hemoglobin (Hb). GBH was bound to phospholipids on the membranes of target erythrocytes, followed by the gentle release of K+ and slow Hb release without lag time. Incontrast SLO released Hb as rapidly as K+. GBH induced hemolysis was inhibited by the addition of 30 mM raffinose. These results indicate that the effective diameter of the pores formed by GBH was about 1.1 nm. GBH showed a lower hemolytic efficiency than SLO, reflecting the fact that these hemolysins destroy erythrocytes by a different mechanism. Intracellular K+ and Hb were released at a different rate in GBH treated cells, indicating that a colloid-osmotic process is involved in the lytic mechanism.View full abstractDownload PDF (541K) -
Daisuke TANAKA, Yotaku GYOBU, Hirohide KODAMA1996 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 283-286
Published: March 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRestriction endonuclease (Sma I) digestion patterns of chromosomal DNAs of T types 1 and 3 (T1 and T3) group A streptococci (GAS), isolated at two hospitals in Toyama Prefecture from 1983 to 1994, were analysed by pulsed-filed gel electrophoresis (PFGE). One hundred twenty seven isolates of T1 GAS were further divided into 5 PFGE types, which were provisionally designated as T1-1-T1-5. Two epidemics of T1 GAS were observed during the 1983-1994 period, the first of which (1887-1988) seemed to be caused by T1-2, and the second (1991-1993) by T1-5. Some differences in biological characteristics between the two PFGE type strains were also observed. On the other hand, eighty one T3 GAS strains were divided into only two PFGE types, provisionally designated as T3-1 and T3-2, most of which belonged to T3-2. Naturally, both epidemics by T3 GAS, first from 1985 to 1986 and second from 1993 to 1994, seemed to be caused by the same PFGE type, T3-2. No differences in biological characteristics were observed between T3-1 and T3-2 strains.View full abstractDownload PDF (2689K)
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