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Volume 72, Issue 10
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Sayoko KAWAKAMI, Yasuo ONO, Junko KATO, Yukihisa MIYAZAWA1998 Volume 72 Issue 10 Pages 1017-1026
Published: October 20, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe susceptibilities of 154 clinical isolates of fastidious and unusual bacteria were determined by the Etest®, and were compared with the MICs for these strains obtained by the agardilution method. Antimicrobial agents; benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, imipenem, erythromycin, clindamycin and minocycline were used in this study. In general, the Etest® MICs wererapidly and easily interpreted. The Etest® MICs agreed within±log2 and±2log2 dilution, 87.6% and 98.2% respectively in all strains tested. MICs of vancomycin with the Etest® for S.pneumoniae and other Streptococci tended to be 1 to 2log2 dilution higher than those of the agar dilution method. MICs of erythromycin for the other Streptococci also tended to be 1 to 2log2dilution higher. However, there were no significant differences for H. influenzae, Campylobacter spp., H. pylori, Capnocytophaga spp., E. corrodens, M. catarrhalis, N. gonorrhoeae, Corynebacteriumspp., L. monocytogenes and Anaerobic bacteria. As mentioned above, the Etest® represent a potential method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of these fastidious and unusual bacteria.View full abstractDownload PDF (4645K) -
Kaoru KODAMA, Toshio FUJIOKA, Akira ITO, Akira NISHIZONO, Masaru NASU1998 Volume 72 Issue 10 Pages 1027-1034
Published: October 20, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe vacuolating cytotoxin produced by Helicobacter pylori is considered to be one virulence factor causing peptic ulceration. In this study, we examined the activity of vacuolating cytotoxin in induction of intracellular vacuolation of rabbit gastric epithelial cells (RGECs). We used culture supernatants of H. pylon as a source of vacuolating cytotoxin and quantitated cytotoxic activity by MTT method. Intracellular vacuolation of RGECs was observed in the presence of 36 of 57 (63%) clinically isolated H. pylon strains. However, there were no differences in the incidence of H. pylori strains with positive vacuolating cytotoxin (Tox+) among patients with gastritis, gastric ulcers or duodenal ulcers. The MTT assay showed that the cytotoxic activity of H. pylon supernatants obtained from patients with gastric ulcers was significantly higher than in patients with gastritis (p<0.01), but was not different to duodenal ulcer patient supernatants. Similar results were also observed Tox+ isolates, however, there were no significant differences between patients with regard to the incidence of vacuolating cytotoxin-negative isolates. Although our data may not indicate a clear correlation between prevalance of vacuolating cytotoxin and clinical manifestations, they suggest H. Pylori harboring vacuolating cytotoxin may particularly induce damage to the gastric epithelium in patients with gastric ulcers.View full abstractDownload PDF (2674K) -
Toyomitsu SAWAI, Jiyao WANG, Kazunori TOMONO, Katsunori YANAGIHARA, Yo ...1998 Volume 72 Issue 10 Pages 1035-1040
Published: October 20, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, we compared the types of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from several foci of the same patient to find the incidence of multiple strain infection of MRSA in bacteremia cases. We will also evaluate the utility of the typing methods of phenotyping and genotyping for the above mentioned objective and judge the dissimilarity of clinical characteristics between the single strain infection and multiple strains infection. We studied 21 cases of MRSA bacteremia who were culture-positive both from blood and other foci in the same patient at Nagasaki University Hospital during 1990-1994. Clinical data were retrospectively collected from the patients' records. Phenotyping of all 113 MRSA isolates were done by coagulase typing (I-VIII), production of enterotoxins (SEA-SED) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-(TSST-1), hemolysis typing and antibiogram (MIC). In addition, typing of the same isolates were done by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), using Gene Navigator System as the genotyping. Several types of MRSA were found from different foci in the same patient in 8 of 21 cases (38%) by phenotyping. The same typing results were obtained in 7 of 8 the multiple strains isolated cases by PFGE. Two types were obtained from another case by phenotyping, but by PFGF, 3 types were obtained. We consider that phenotyping method is convenient and reliable judgment of the difference in types isolated from different foci in the same patient, but PFGE possibly provide us more detailed epidemiological information. The epidemiological investigation must be done very carefully, especially in immunocompromised hosts as MRSA bacteremia cases, because the chance of multiple strains infection is relatively high among these cases.View full abstractDownload PDF (688K) -
Kaoru KAWATA, Toshihiro MITSUDA, Makiko KONDO, Takayuki SAITO, Mitsuno ...1998 Volume 72 Issue 10 Pages 1041-1045
Published: October 20, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied a basic evaluation of the reliability and usefulness of the test results to assess the validity of the kit “AMPLICOR HIV-1 Monitor ®” as a laboratory tool, by determining the reproducibility, linearity on dilution, possible effects of interference on the results, and correlation with the results obtained at outside facilities. Furthermore, we compared the HIV-1 RNA load between blood samples obtained from HIV-1 subtype B and E.
The HIV-1 RNA load measurement was made according to the pre-determined methods of this kit, in blood samples obtained from HIV-positive outpatients. Simultaneous reproducibility was 23.08%-32.95% in C. V.% and linearity was maintained between 110copies/ml and 2, 184, 277 copies/ml, demonstrating favorable performance of the kit. The institution correlation between two facilities were also favorable. Fluctuation of measurement by interference was absent for bilirubin, hemoglobin and chyle, but was significant for heparin.View full abstractDownload PDF (543K) -
Naohide TAKAYAMA1998 Volume 72 Issue 10 Pages 1046-1049
Published: October 20, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom December of 1990 to December of 1997, 119 subjects visited to our hospital to receive post-exposure therapy using purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine manufactued by the Chem-Sero-Theraptic Institute (Katestuken), because they had been bitten by supposed rabid animals abroad. The forty of the subjects (male: 25, female: 15) wished to have their anti-rabies antibody levels examined. The number of samples taken after 5 or 6 shots rabies vaccine were 30 and 15, respectively. The antibody levels after 6 shots of rabies vaccine varied from 1.0IU/ml to 10.1IU/ml. After 5 shots the antibody levels fluctuated from under 0.1IU/ml to over 8.8IU/ml, and 3 sujbects were found to have antibody titers of under 0.5IU/ml which is the WHO minimal protective level. Two of these 3 subjects found to have antibodies of 1.0IU/ml and 3.1 IU/ml. after the 6th injection. However, these 3 subjectes had the hazard to have rabies despite post-exposure immunization, because the incubation period of rabies is found to be 1-3 months in about 60% of the cases. The potency of Kaketsuken's rabies vaccine should be increased to provide higher antibody levels.View full abstractDownload PDF (526K) -
Toshiro KUROKI, Kenji YAGITA, Eiko YABUUCHI, Kunio AGATA, Tomoki ISHIM ...1998 Volume 72 Issue 10 Pages 1050-1055
Published: October 20, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMicrobiological contamination of hot spring bath water is a public health concern. A province-wide survey was carried out to determine the extent and distribution of both Legionella and free-living amoebae contamination. Among 30 samples of hot spring bath from 12 sites in Kanagawa, Japan, L. pneumophila was detected in 21 water samples from 11 sites, ranging from 101-103CFU/100ml. Serogroups 3, 5 and 6 of L. pneumophila were predominantly isolated from the samples. Naegleria (46.7%), Platyamoeba (33.3%), Acanthamoeba (10.0%) and 2 other genera of free-living amoebae were detected in 22 samples from 11 sites. One or more genera of host amoebae of Legionella occurred in 17 samples (56.7%) from 9 sites. Another thing to be noted is that 13 water samples contained N. lovaniensis. Although N. lovaniensis is nonpathogenic, it is considered an indicator organism for places that are suitable for the growth of N. fowleri, a causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in man.View full abstractDownload PDF (3299K) -
Toshiro KUROKI, Shin SATA, Shiro YAMAI, Kenji YAGITA, Yasuji KATSUBE, ...1998 Volume 72 Issue 10 Pages 1056-1063
Published: October 20, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOccurrence of both Legionella species and free-living amoebae were surveyed in whirlpool bathes installed in 11 private houses, 8 public bathes and 13 spas. Free-living amoebae that are known to be the hosts of Legionella were isolated from 24 out of 32 water samples (75%). SingleLegionella species, L. pneumophila, with different serogroups (SG) predominantly SG3 (18.3%), SG5 (23.7%) and SG6 (15.8%), were isolated from 21 damples, ranging from 101 to 104CFU/100ml. Further studies were conducted for 10 consecutive weeks to monitor the occurrence of both free-living amoebae and Legionella in the whirlpool bathes of 4 private houses. Free-living amoebae, such as Hartmennella and Vexillifera, and L. pneumophila SG1, SG3, SG4, SG5 and SG6 were consistently isolated from all the water samples throughout the monitoring periods. Bath basins in which Hartmennella and Vannella were isolated tended to harbor large number of Legionella. Management practices such as frequent washing filter elements and/or frequent addition of tap water to bath basins is highly recommened to reduce microbial contaminants.View full abstractDownload PDF (1145K) -
Toshiro KUROKI, Kenji YAGITA, Hiromu SUGIYAMA, Shiro YAMAI, Toshihide ...1998 Volume 72 Issue 10 Pages 1064-1069
Published: October 20, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTen SPF mice (ddY, 4w-old, female) were infected by nasal instillation with an isolate of Naegleria fowleri that was first isolated from a patient with primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) in Japan. Of these mice, 2 showed clinical signs typical for PAM on the 4th day. On the next day, 5 mice became very ill and remained immobile; their movement and response, to painful stimuli diminished progressively. All the infected mice were then examined histopathologically on the same day regardless of their clinical signs. Pathological changes due to invasion and/or proliferation of amoebae were observed in 5 mice with clinical signs. Swelling of the nasal mucosa and ulcerated nasal epithelium with inflammatory cells were observed. Proliferation of amoebae was detected to a lesser extent in nasal cavity including mucous membrane and nasal epithelium. Olfactory lobes and arteriolar hemisphere were necrotic with haemorrhage and filled with amoebae. From these findings the pathogenicity of the isolate was confirmed to develop PAM in experimental animals. It was also observed that the olfactory neuroepithelium was the route of invasion in PAM due to N. fowleri and consequently migration occurred through olfactory lobes into the cerebrum.View full abstractDownload PDF (6265K) -
Atsushi KOBAYASHI, Kei MORI, Mitsuru KONISHI, Koichi MAEDA, Keiichi MI ...1998 Volume 72 Issue 10 Pages 1070-1075
Published: October 20, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAchromobacter xylosoxidans is a gram-negative bacterium whose natural habitat has not been clearly defined. It has been isolated from ear discharge and the large intestine of humans and from various hospital or environmental water sources.Infection with A. xylosoxidans in humans has been documented, and resulting illnesses include meningitis, pneumonia, cholecystitis, peritonitis and urinary tract infection. Bacteremia due to A. xylosoxidans is rare, and little information on treatment is available.
Two cases of bacteremia due to A. xylosoxidans in patients with hemapoietic malignancies are reported herein. Case 1 involved a 70-yr. male whose clinical diagnosis was IgA λ-type plasmacytoma. Case 2 involved 72-yr. male whose clinical diagnosis was acute lymphatic leukemia (L2). Both patients had been catheterized. Neutropenia was noted and the white blood cell counts were 20/μl in case 1 and 35/μl in case 2 when A. xylosoxidans was isolated from the blood culture. We suggest that bacteremia due to A. xylosoxidans may have been related to the presence of the catheter and neutropenia.View full abstractDownload PDF (2966K) -
Miki OKAZAKI, Michio KOIDE, Atsushi SAITO1998 Volume 72 Issue 10 Pages 1076-1079
Published: October 20, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 52-year-old male gardener, who traveled to Guam Island several days ago, was admitted to our hospital with fever, cough and dyspnea. His chest X-ray showed bilaterl infiltration and he was severely hypoxic and hypotensive on admission. He died of multiple organ failure in spite of intensive treatment with mechanical ventilation and antibiotics including erythromycin. Legionella longbeachae serotype 1 was isolated from his sputum and was regarded as the etiologic agent. Legionella longbeachae was not isolated from the same type of leaf mold that he used as potting soil. This is the first case of Legionella longbeachae pneumonia from whom the organism was isolated in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (2874K) -
Yosuke AOKI, Kazuhiro KOHSA, Yuji FUKUNO, Nobumitsu FUJISAWA, Keiko NA ...1998 Volume 72 Issue 10 Pages 1080-1083
Published: October 20, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA fifty year-old female who had previously been well presented with a productive cough and a high fever. Her initial chest X-ray film showed no abnormal lung shadows. Despite partial improvment of the fevere and the serum level of acute phase reactant (CRP) in response to intravenous administration of piperacillin, she complained of increasing severity of cough and dyspnea. Follow-up chest X-ray films taken five days after therapy with piperacillin showed diffuse nodular shadows in the mid-to-lower lung fields bilaterally. Chest CT scan disclosed diffuse miliary nodules at the lung periphery and thickenning of bronchovascular markings. Chest auscultation revealed late inspiratory coarse crackles and expiratory wheezing, and the patient's arterial oxygen tension was 61mmHg. Suspected of suffering from primary atypical pneumonia, she was started on therapy with intravenous minocyclin (200mg/day), two days after treatment her symptoms began improving significantly. Anti-mycoplasma antibody was found to be×280, and cold hemoagglutini×1024, establishing the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. The patient's condition completely recovered following a one week treatment with minocyclin. We concluded that her respiratory infection was caused by piperacillin-sensitive mico-organism, and also Mycoplasma pneumoniae which brought about hypoxic acute bronchiolitis to the patient.View full abstractDownload PDF (3179K) -
Niro OKIMOTO, Kazue FUJITA, Takayuki KARINO, Tatsutoshi YANO, Yoshihir ...1998 Volume 72 Issue 10 Pages 1084-1085
Published: October 20, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (201K)
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